Gaetani, or Caetani, the name of the oldest of the Roman princely families which played a great part in the history of the city and of the papacy. City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC (mythical), early 1st millennium BC (archaeological) Region Latium Area  - City Proper  1285 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,553,873 almost 4,300,000 1. ...

The Gaetani are of Longobard origin, and the founder of the house was Marinus I, Duke of Fondi, son of Docibilis II of Gaeta, from which the family gets its name. His successor was Constantine, who took the name Cagetanus and ruled in the latter half of the tenth century. In the late eleventh century, a descendant of his, Crescentius, was duke. This Crescentius was the father of two illustrious people: his successor, Marinus, and his son John (called Gaetanus or Coniulo), who was Pope Gelasius II. Marinus was succeeded by his son Crescentius, who defended his uncle the pope resolutely from imperialist attacks. The Lombards (Latin Langobardi, from which the alternative name Longobards found in older English texts), were a Germanic people originally from Scandinavia that entered the late Roman Empire. ... ( 9th century - 10th century - 11th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ... (10th century - 11th century - 12th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ... Gelasius II, né Giovanni Coniulo (d. ...

Nevertheless, the family had no more great importance in Rome until the election of Benedetto Gaetani to the papacy as Pope Boniface VIII in 1294, when they at once became the most notable in the city. The pope conferred on them the fiefs of Sermoneta, Bassiano, Ninfa and San Donato (1297, 300), and the marquisate of Ancona in 1300, while Charles II of Anjou created the popes brother count of Caserta. Boniface VIII, né Benedetto Caetani (Anagni, c. ... Sermoneta is a small city and commune in the province of Latina (Lazio), Italy. ...

Giordano Loifredo Gaetani by his marriage with Giovanna dell Aquila, heiress of the counts of Fondi and Traetto, in 1297 added the name of Aquila to his own, and his grandson Giacomo acquired the lordships of Piedimonte and Gioia. The Gaetani proved brave warriors and formed a bodyguard to protect Boniface VIII from his many foes. During the 14th and 15th centuries their feuds with the Colonna caused frequent disturbances in Rome and the Campagna, sometimes amounting to civil war. They also played an important role as Neapolitan nobles. In 1500 Pope Alexander VI, in his attempt to crush the great Roman feudal nobility, confiscated the Gaetani fiefs and gave them to his daughter Lucrezia Borgia (q.v.); but they afterwards regained them. City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC (mythical), early 1st millennium BC (archaeological) Region Latium Area  - City Proper  1285 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,553,873 almost 4,300,000 1. ... Campania is a region of Southern Italy, bordering on Lazio to the north-west, Molise to the north, Puglia to the north-east, Basilicata to the east, and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west. ... Alexander VI, (Roderic Borja; often referred to in English by the Italian form Rodrigo Borgia; January 1, 1431 – August 18, 1503) Pope from 1492 to 1503), is the most controversial of the secular Popes of the Renaissance, whose surname became a byword for low standards in the papacy of that... This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ...

At present there are two lines of Gaetani:

1. Gaetani, princes of Teano and dukes of Sermoneta, founded by Giacobello Gaetani, whose grandson, Guglielmo Gaetani, was granted the duchy of Sermoneta by Pope Pius III in 1503, the marquisate of Cisterna being conferred on the family by Sixtus V. in 1585. In 1642, Francesco, the 7th duke of Sermoneta, acquired by marriage the county of Caserta, which was exchanged for the principality of Teano in 1750. The 19th century head of the house, Onorato Gaetani, 14th duke of Sermoneta, 4th prince of Teano, duke of San Marco, marquis of Cisterna, etc, was a senator of the kingdom of Italy, and was minister for foreign affairs for a short time.

1. Gaetani dell Aquila d'Aragona, princes of Piedimonte, and dukes of Laurenzana, founded by Onorato Gaetani dell Aquila, count of Fondi, Traetto, Alife and Morcone, lord of Piedimonte and Gioia, in 1454. The additional surname of Aragona was assumed after the marriage of Onorato Gaetani, duke of Traetto (d. 1529), with Lucrezia of Aragon, natural daughter of King Ferdinand I of Naples. The duchy of Laurenzana, in the kingdom of Naples, was acquired by Alfonso Gaetani by his marriage in 1606 with Giulia di Ruggiero, duchess of Laurenzana. The lordship of Piedimonte was raised to a principality in 1715. The present (1908) head of the house is Nicola Gaetani dell Aquila d'Aragona (b. 1857), 7th prince of Piedimonte and 12th duke of Laurenzana.

Pius III, born Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini (May 9, 1439 – October 18, 1503), was [Pope]] from September 22 to October 18, 1503. ... There have been several entities known as the Kingdom of Italy. ... // Geography Laurenzana is a town and comune in the province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. ... // Geography Laurenzana is a town and comune in the province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. ... // Geography Laurenzana is a town and comune in the province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. ... // Geography Laurenzana is a town and comune in the province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. ...

References

• A. von Reumont, Gescijichie dee Stadt Rom (Berlin, 1868)
• F. Gregorovius, Geschichte dee Stadt Rem (Stuttgart, 1872)
• Almanach de Gotha (1907 and 1908).
• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.