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Caffeic acid
Chemical name	3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl 3,4-Dihydroxy-cinnamic acid trans-Caffeate 3,4-Dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate) 2-propenoic acid (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid 3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacrylicacid 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid
Chemical formula	C9H8O4
Molecular mass	180.16 g/mol
CAS number	[331-39-5]
Density	1.478 g/cm3
Melting point	223-225 °C
Boiling point	unknown °C
SMILES	Oc1ccc(/C=C/C(O)=O)cc1O
Disclaimer and references

Caffeic acid, C₉H₈O₄ is a naturally occurring phenolic compound, (formerly called a carbolic acid), which is found in many fruits, vegetables, and herbs, including coffee, although varying in amounts depending on the plant. Image File history File links Circle-contradict. ... Broadly speaking, a contradiction is an incompatibility between two or more statements, ideas, or actions. ... Image File history File links Caffeic_acid. ... IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... The molecular mass (abbreviated MM) of a substance, called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... Density (symbol: ρ - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per volume. ... The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it can change its state from a liquid to a gas throughout the bulk of the liquid at a given pressure. ... The simplified molecular input line entry specification or SMILES is a specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Atomic mass 12. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Atomic mass 15. ... Phenol, also known under an older name of carbolic acid, is a colorless crystalline solid with a typical sweet tarry odor. ... Fruit stall in Barcelona, Spain. ... Vegetables in a Market Venn diagram representing the relationship between (botanical) fruits and vegetables. ... Herbs: basil Herbs (IPA: hÉ™(ɹ)b, or əɹb; see pronunciation differences) are plants grown for culinary, medicinal, or in some cases even spiritual value. ... A cup of coffee // Coffee is a popular beverage prepared from the roasted seeds – commonly referred to as beans – of the coffee plant. ... Divisions Green algae Chlorophyta Charophyta Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta - liverworts Anthocerotophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) †Rhyniophyta - rhyniophytes †Zosterophyllophyta - zosterophylls Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses †Trimerophytophyta - trimerophytes Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta...

Caffeic acid has been shown to act as a carcinogenic inhibitor. It is also known as an antioxidant in vitro and also in vivo.[1] In pathology, a carcinogen is any substance or agent that promotes cancer. ... An antioxidant is a chemical that reduces the rate of particular oxidation reactions in a specific context, where oxidation reactions are chemical reactions that involve the transfer of electrons from a substance to an oxidising agent. ... Wiktionary has a definition of: In vitro In vitro (Latin: within glass) means within a test tube, or, more generally, outside a living organism or cell. ... In vivo (Latin for (with)in the living). ...

Caffeic acid is a yellow crystalline acid that is soluble in hot water and alcohol. It is related to cinnamic acid, but it has two hydroxyl groups not found in cinnamic acid. Both are part of the carbocyclic carboxylic acid group.[2] It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solution. ... In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which a hydroxyl group (-OH) is bound to a carbon atom of an alkyl or substituted alkyl group. ... Cinnamic acid Cinnamic acid has the formula C6H5CHCHCOOH and is an odorless white crystalline acid, which is slightly soluble in water. ... // Hydroxyl group The term hydroxyl group is used to describe the functional group -OH when it is a substituent in an organic compound. ... Structure of a carboxylic acid The 3D structure of the carboxyl group A space-filling model of the carboxyl group Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group, which has the formula -(C=O)-OH, usually written as -COOH. In general, the salts and anions...

Caffeic acid can be esterified with quinic acid to form chlorogenic acid. Both caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid are found in coffee beans. Caffeine is a different compound than caffeic acid. A derivative of Caffeic Acid is Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE). Quinic acid, C7H12O6 is a crystalline acid obtained from cinchona bark, coffee beans, and other plant products and made synthetically by hydrolysis of chlorogenic acid. ... Chlorogenic acid is an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid, is a major phenolic compound in coffee, isolated from the leaves and fruits of dicotyledonous plants. ... A cup of coffee // Coffee is a popular beverage prepared from the roasted seeds – commonly referred to as beans – of the coffee plant. ... Caffeine is a xanthine alkaloid compound that acts as a stimulant in humans. ...

Biological importance

Caffeic acid and its derivative Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) are produced in many plants including: Pears, Basil, Thyme, Verbena, Tarragon, Oregano, Wood Betony, Burning Bush, Turmeric, Dandelion, Yarrow, Horsetail, Rosemary, Hawthorn and Coffee. The amount of caffeic acid is strongly dependent on the plant species.[3] Species Pyrus calleryana P. pyrifolia et al Pears are trees of the genus Pyrus and the edible fruit of that tree. ... Binomial name Ocimum basilicum L. Basil (Ocimum basilicum) of the Family Lamiaceae is also known as St. ... Species About 350 species, including: Thymus adamovicii Thymus bracteosus Thymus broussonetii Thymus caespititius Thymus camphoratus Thymus capitatus Thymus capitellatus Thymus carnosus Thymus cephalotus Thymus cherlerioides Thymus ciliatus Thymus cilicicus Thymus cimicinus Thymus comosus Thymus comptus Thymus doerfleri Thymus glabrescens Thymus herba-barona Thymus hirsutus Thymus hyemalis Thymus integer Thymus lanuginosus... Species See text Verbena (Verbena or Vervain) is a genus of about 250 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the Verbenaceae. ... Binomial name Artemisia dracunculus L. Tarragon or dragon (Artemisia dracunculus) is a perennial herb, a member of the daisy family (Asteraceae) and a close relative of wormwood. ... Binomial name Origanum vulgare L. Oregano (Origanum vulgare) is a species of Origanum, native to Europe, the Mediterranean region and southern and central Asia. ... Species About 300 species, including: Stachys affinis Stachys alopecuros Stachys alpina Stachys annua Stachys bullata Stachys byzantina Stachys candida Stachys chrysantha Stachys ciliata Stachys citrina Stachys coccinea Stachys corsica Stachys cretica Stachys discolor Stachys ehrenbergii Stachys germanica Stachys hyssopifolia Stachys iva Stachys lavandulifolia Stachys libanotica Stachys macrantha Stachys macrostachya Stachys... Burning bush at St. ... Binomial name Curcuma longa Linnaeus Turmeric (Curcuma longa, also known as tumeric) is a spice commonly used in curries and other South Asian cooking. ... Species See text. ... Binomial name Achillea millefolium L. Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to the Northern Hemisphere. ... Species The horsetails are vascular plants, comprising 15 species of plants in the genus Equisetum. ... Binomial name Rosmarinus officinalis L. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant evergreen needle-like leaves. ... Species See text. ... A cup of coffee // Coffee is a popular beverage prepared from the roasted seeds – commonly referred to as beans – of the coffee plant. ...

Both caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid have been shown to be absorbed in humans. Caffeic acid absorption is hampered when it is esterified with quinic acid to form chlorogenic acid.[4] Chlorogenic acid is an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid, is a major phenolic compound in coffee, isolated from the leaves and fruits of dicotyledonous plants. ... Quinic acid, C7H12O6 is a crystalline acid obtained from cinchona bark, coffee beans, and other plant products and made synthetically by hydrolysis of chlorogenic acid. ... Chlorogenic acid is an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid, is a major phenolic compound in coffee, isolated from the leaves and fruits of dicotyledonous plants. ...

In laboratory experiments, colonies of a nut tree mould were grown on extracts of walnut and pistachio. Next, fungal colonies were exposed to three compounds thought to be antioxidants: gallic acid, which has aflatoxin-combating impacts in walnuts, and chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. Look up nut, nuts in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth. ... Mold is Gross to many people and some types of mold are deadly . ... Species See text The walnuts (genus Juglans) are plants in the walnut family Juglandaceae. ... Binomial name Pistacia vera L. The Pistachio (Pistacia vera, Anacardiaceae; sometimes placed in Pistaciaceae) is a small tree up to 10 m tall, native to mountainous regions of central Asia such as the Kopet Dag mountains of Turkmenistan. ... Divisions Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Glomeromycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Deuteromycota A fungus (plural fungi) is a eukaryotic organism that digests its food externally and absorbs the nutrient molecules into its cells. ... An antioxidant is a chemical that prevents the oxidation of other chemicals. ... Chemical structure of gallic acid Gallic acid is an organic acid, also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plants. ... Chemical structure of Aflatoxin B1 Aflatoxins are naturally occurring mycotoxins that are produced by many species of Aspergillus, a fungus, most notably Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus parasiticus. ... This article is about the walnut tree. ... Chlorogenic acid is an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid, is a major phenolic compound in coffee, isolated from the leaves and fruits of dicotyledonous plants. ...

Caffeic acid outperformed the other antioxidants, reducing aflatoxin production by more than 95 percent. The studies are the first to show that oxidative stress that would otherwise trigger or enhance Aspergillus flavus aflatoxin production can be stymied by caffeic acid. This opens the door to using natural anti-fungicide methods by supplementing trees with antioxidants. [5] An antioxidant is a chemical that reduces the rate of particular oxidation reactions in a specific context, where oxidation reactions are chemical reactions that involve the transfer of electrons from a substance to an oxidising agent. ... Chemical structure of Aflatoxin B1 Aflatoxins are naturally occurring mycotoxins that are produced by many species of Aspergillus, a fungus, most notably Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus parasiticus. ... Binomial name Aspergillus flavus Aspergillus flavus is a fungus associated with aspergillosis of the lungs and sometimes believed to cause corneal, otomycotic, and nasoorbital infections. ... Chemical structure of Aflatoxin B1 Aflatoxins are naturally occurring mycotoxins that are produced by many species of Aspergillus, a fungus, most notably Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus parasiticus. ... A Fungicide is one of three main methods of pest control- chemical control of fungi in this case. ...

Pharmaceutical Uses

Although oral administration of high doses of caffeic acid in rats has caused stomach papillomas, leading to the perception of caffeic acid as carcinogenic, in the same study the effect of high doses of combined antioxidants, including caffeic acid, showed a decrease in growth of colon tumors in those same rats.[6]. Look up oral in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In anatomy, the stomach (in ancient Greek στόμαχος) is an organ in the gastrointestinal tract used to digest food. ... Papilloma refers to a benign epithelial tumor. ... In pathology, a carcinogen is any substance or agent that promotes cancer. ... An antioxidant is a chemical that reduces the rate of particular oxidation reactions in a specific context, where oxidation reactions are chemical reactions that involve the transfer of electrons from a substance to an oxidising agent. ... Colon has several meanings: colon (anatomy) colon (punctuation) colon (rhetoric) See also Colón This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Tumor (American English) or tumour (British English) originally means swelling, and is sometimes still used with that meaning. ...

Caffeic Acid is still listed under older Hazard Data sheets [7] as a potential carcinogen because of two early experiments on rats and mice using synthetic caffeic acid. More recent data show that bacteria in the rats' guts may alter the formation of metabolites of Caffeic Acid. [8] and [9] There have been no known ill-effects of Caffeic Acid in humans. In chemistry, the phrase chemical synthesis appears to have one of two meanings. ... Subgroups Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are microscopic, unicellular organisms. ... A metabolite is the product of metabolism. ...

Caffeic Acid and its derivative, Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) have shown tumor-shrinking properties. When an anti-cancer drug was being sought, Caffeic Acid and CAPE were derived from Burning Bush (Euonymus alatus). "The subcutaneous and oral administrations of CA and CAPE significantly reduced liver metastasis. These results confirm the therapeutic potential of the compounds and suggest that the anti-metastatic and anti-antitumor effects of CA and CAPE are mediated through the selective suppression of MMP-9 enzyme activity and transcriptional down-regulation by the dual inhibition of NF-B as well as MMP-9 catalytic activity." [10] Tumor (American English) or tumour (British English) originally means swelling, and is sometimes still used with that meaning. ... Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these cells to invade other tissues, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis. ... Oral medication Caffeine is the most widely used psychoactive substance in the world. ... Burning bush at St. ... The distribution of the bloodvessels in the skin of the sole of the foot. ... The liver is the largest internal organ of the human body. ... Metastasis (Greek: change of the state) is the spread of cancer from its primary site to other places in the body. ... Look up Therapy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Metastasis (Greek: change of the state) is the spread of cancer from its primary site to other places in the body. ... Tumor (American English) or tumour (British English) originally means swelling, and is sometimes still used with that meaning. ... Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases; other family members are adamalysins, serralysins, and astacins. ... Ribbon diagram of the enzyme TIM, surrounded by the space-filling model of the protein. ... Transcription is the process through which a DNA sequence is enzymatically copied by an RNA polymerase to produce a complementary RNA. Or, in other words, the transfer of genetic information from DNA into RNA. In the case of protein-encoding DNA, transcription is the beginning of the process that ultimately... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with enzyme induction. ... NF-κB, or Nuclear Factor kappa B, is a nuclear transcription factor found in all cell types and is involved in cellular responses to stimuli such as stress, cytokines, free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral antigens. ... Generic graph showing the effect of a catalyst in an hypothetical exothermic chemical reaction. ...

A study using the caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) showed a positive effect on reducing carcinogenic incidence. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an active component of propolis from honeybee hives.[11] It is known to have antimitogenic, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. [12] In pathology, a carcinogen is any substance or agent that promotes cancer. ... General formula of a carboxylate ester. ... Propolis is a wax-like resinous substance collected by bees from tree buds and used as cement and to seal cracks or open spaces in the hive. ... Species Apis andreniformis Apis cerana, or eastern honey bee Apis dorsata, or giant honey bee Apis florea Apis koschevnikovi Apis laboriosa Apis mellifera, or western honey bee Apis nigrocincta Apis nuluensis Honey bees are a subset of bees which represent a far smaller fraction of bee diversity than most people... Urticaria or Hives is a relatively common form of allergic reaction that causes. ... A cell in early anaphase Mitosis is the process by which a cell separates its duplicated genome into two identical halves. ... In pathology, a carcinogen is any substance or agent that promotes cancer. ... Anti-inflammatory refers to the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation. ...

Another study also showed that CAFE suppresses acute immune and inflammatory responses and holds promise for therapeutic uses to reduce inflammation. [13] In medicine, an acute disease is a disease with either or both of: a rapid onset; a short course (as opposed to a chronic course). ... A request has been made on Wikipedia for this article to be deleted in accordance with the deletion policy. ... Inflammation is the first response of the immune system to infection or irritation and may be referred to as the innate cascade. ... Look up Therapy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Inflammation is the first response of the immune system to infection or irritation and may be referred to as the innate cascade. ...

This anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer property has also been shown to protect skin cells when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, in particular UVC radiation [14] and UVB radiation. [15]. This anti-cancer effect was also seen when mice skin was treated with bee propolis and exposed to TPA (a chemical) that induced skin papillomas. CAPE significantly reduced the number of papillomas. [16] [17] In zootomy and dermatology, skin is an organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of epithelial tissues that guard underlying muscles and organs. ... Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than soft X-rays. ... Radiation in Physics is the process of emitting energy in the form of waves or particles. ... A chemical substance is any material substance used in or obtained by a process in chemistry: A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more chemical elements that are chemically combined in fixed proportions. ... Papilloma refers to a benign epithelial tumor. ...

Caffeic Acid and chlorogenic acid from coffee beans both reduced DNA methylation in vitro in two lines of human cancer cells. DNA methylation contributes to the growth of tumors and regulates the epigenetics of cells that are passed along with DNA to future generations [18]. Chlorogenic acid is an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid, is a major phenolic compound in coffee, isolated from the leaves and fruits of dicotyledonous plants. ... A cup of coffee // Coffee is a popular beverage prepared from the roasted seeds – commonly referred to as beans – of the coffee plant. ... DNA methylation is a type of chemical modification of DNA that can be inherited without changing the DNA sequence. ... Wiktionary has a definition of: In vitro In vitro (Latin: within glass) means within a test tube, or, more generally, outside a living organism or cell. ... Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these cells to invade other tissues, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis. ... Tumor (American English) or tumour (British English) originally means swelling, and is sometimes still used with that meaning. ... Epigenetics is the study of reversible heritable changes in gene function that occur without a change in the sequence of nuclear DNA. It is also the study of the processes involved in the unfolding development of an organism. ... The general structure of a section of DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions for the biological development of a cellular form of life or a virus. ...

References

• Journal of Nutrition. Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid are absorbed in humans. Jan. Margreet R. Olthof, P.C.H. Hollman, and M.B. Katan. Journal of Nutrition. 2001; 131:66-71.

• PubMed: Rats. Carcinogenicity of antioxidants BHA, caffeic acid, sesamol, 4- methoxyphenol and catechol at low doses, either alone or in combination, and modulation of their effects in a rat medium-term multi- organ carcinogenesis model. M Hirose, Y Takesada, H Tanaka, S Tamano, T Kato and T Shirai. Carcinogenesis. 1998; 19:207-212..

• FASEB Journal: Therapeutic Effects. Novel and therapeutic effect of caffeic acid and caffeic acid phenyl ester on hepatocarcinoma cells: complete regression of hepatoma growth and metastasis by dual mechanism. TAE-WOOK CHUNG, SUNG-KWON MOON, YOUNG-CHAE CHANG, JEONG-HEON KO, YOUNG-CHOON LEE, GUN CHO, SOO-HYUN KIM, JONG-GUK KIM and CHEORL-HO KIM. The FASEB Journal. 2004; 18:1670-681.

• PubMed: Cancer Inhibitor. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester is a potent and specific inhibitor of activation of nuclear transcription factor NF-kappa. K Natarajan, S. Singh, T.R. Burke Jr, D. Grunberger, and B.B. Aggarwal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996 August 20; 93(17): 9090–9095.

• Karger Online: Inflammation. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Induces Leukocyte Apoptosis, Modulates Nuclear Factor-Kappa B and Suppresses Acute Inflammation. 2000. Zsolt Orbana, N. Mitsiadesb, T.R. Burke Jr., M. Tsokosb, and G.P. Chrousosa. NeuroImmunoModulation. 2000; 7:99-105.

• Folia Biologica: Skin. UVC-Protective Effect of Caffeic Acid on Normal and Transformed Human Skin Cells in Vitro.J. NERADIL, R. VESELSK, J. SLANINA. Folia Biologica (Praha). 2003; 49:197-202.

• Carcinogenesis: UVB. Caffeic acid suppresses UVB radiation-induced expression of interleukin-10 and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in mouse. Vanisree Staniforth, Lu-Tang Chiu and Ning-Sun Yang. Carcinogenesis. 2006; 27(9):1803-1811..

• Carcinogenesis: Mice Skin. Inhibitory effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor promotion in mouse skin and the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein in HeLa cells. Mou-Tuan Huang, Wei Ma, Patricia Yen, Jian-Guo Xie, Jingkang Han, Krystyna Frenkel, Dezider Grunberger and Allan H. Conney. 1996; 17(4):761-765..

• PubMed: Mice Skin. Inhibitory effect of curcumin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid on tumor promotion in mouse skin by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Huang MT, Smart RC, Wong CQ, Conney AH. Cancer Research. 1988 Nov 1;48(21):5941-6.

• Agricultural Research: Nuts. "Nuts’ New Aflatoxin Fighter: Caffeic Acid?" Bruce C. Campbell and Jong H. Kim. USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center. Agricultural Research. Oct 2006..

• PubMed: DNA Methylation. Inhibition of DNA methylation by caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid, two common catechol-containing coffee polyphenols. Lee WJ, Zhu BT. Carcinogenesis. 2006 Feb;27(2):269-77. Epub 2005 Aug 4.

See also

• Chlorogenic acid
• Coumaric acid
• Cinnamic acid
• Quinic acid

Chlorogenic acid is an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid, is a major phenolic compound in coffee, isolated from the leaves and fruits of dicotyledonous plants. ... Coumaric acids are organic compounds that are hydroxy derivatives of cinnamic acid. ... Cinnamic acid Cinnamic acid has the formula C6H5CHCHCOOH and is an odorless white crystalline acid, which is slightly soluble in water. ... Quinic acid, C7H12O6 is a crystalline acid obtained from cinchona bark, coffee beans, and other plant products and made synthetically by hydrolysis of chlorogenic acid. ...

External Links

• Chemical Land. Caffeic Acid as Carbocyclic Carboxylic Acid.