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A fumarate is a salt or ester of the organic compound fumaric acid, a dicarboxylic acid. A magnified crystal of a salt (halite/sodium chloride) A salt, in chemistry, is any ionic compound composed of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negative ions) so that the product is neutral (without a net charge). ...
General formula of a carboxylate ester. ...
Benzene An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon, with the exception of carbides, carbonates, carbon oxides and elementary carbon. ...
Fumaric acid, also called allomaleic acid, 2-butenedioic acid, boletic acid, or lichenic acid, is a colorless crystalline flammable carboxylic acid with a fruitlike taste and chemical formula C2H2(CO2H)2. ...
Structure of a carboxylic acid The 3D structure of the carboxyl group A space-filling model of the carboxyl group Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group, which has the formula -(C=O)-OH, usually written as -COOH. In general, the salts and anions...
Biochemistry
A precursor to L-malate in the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is formed by the oxidation of adenylsuccinate by succinate dehydrogenase. Malic acid is a tart-tasting organic acid that plays a role in many sour or tart foods. ...
The citric acid cycle (also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the TCA cycle, or the Krebs cycle) is a series of chemical reactions of central importance in all living cells that utilize oxygen as part of cellular respiration. ...
The most fundamental reactions in chemistry are the redox processes. ...
Succinate - coenzyme Q reductase also called succinate dehydrogenase is an enzyme complex found in the matrix part of the inner mitochondrial membrane. ...
Fumarate is converted by fumarase to malate. Fumarase is an enzyme involved in the Krebs Cycle that catalyzes the hydration (addition of H2O across a double bond) of Fumarate to L-malate (the natural optical isomer of a protein as apposed to the d isomer) Fumarase Deficiency In humans, Fumarase Deficiency is an enzyme irregularity that causes...
Malate (O−OC-CH2-CH(OH)-COO−) is the ionized form of malic acid. ...
In simple fumarate is used by cells to produce Energy (ATP) from food. Drawing of the structure of cork as it appeared under the microscope to Robert Hook from Micrographia which is the origin of the word cell. Cells in culture, stained for keratin (red) and DNA (green). ...
Adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP), discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann,[1] is a multifunctional nucleotide primarily known in biochemistry as the molecular currency of intracellular energy transfer. ...
See also
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