| | The neutrality of this article is disputed.
Please see the discussion on the talk page. | Caldera OpenLinux is a defunct Linux distribution that was created by the former Caldera Systems (now SCO Group) corporation. It was the early "business oriented distribution" and foreshadowed the direction of developments that came to most other distributions and the GNU/Linux community generally. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ...
Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ...
Linux (IPA pronunciation: ) is a Unix-like computer operating system family that uses the Linux kernel. ...
The SCO Group, Inc. ...
Novell and Corsair
Corsair was a project founded inside of the Novell corporation. To quote the press release: Novell was also the name of a road bicycle racing team. ...
Corsair, as a new user interface for Netware. Corsair is what CEO Robert Frankenberg likes to call a "net top", a user-friendly interface for navigating around computer networks — and the Internet — that is icon-based, uses 3D graphics, and photographic-quality images, a more sophisticated approach than the cartoon figures in Microsoft's Bob interface. Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is the job of having the ultimate executive responsibility or authority within an organization or corporation. ...
It has been suggested that Usability Requirements be merged into this article or section. ...
An interface defines the communication boundary between two entities, such as a piece of software, a hardware device, or a user. ...
In its most general meaning, the term navigation refers to planning of motion. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
Nuvola icons for KDE are available in PNG format, which come in six sizes, and SVG format, which is scalable On computer displays, a computer icon is a small pictogram. ...
A 3D rendering with raytracing and ambient occlusion using Blender and Yafray 3D computer graphics are works of graphic art created with the aid of digital computers and 3D software. ...
For the Juanes song, see FotografÃa. ...
Image of the Wikimedia Commons logo. ...
A picture of the Microsoft Bob start up screen. ...
This was being developed by a group inside of Novell called the Advanced Technology Group. They wanted an Internet desktop and were doing research on how to better and more easily integrate and manage network access for users. Windows networking support was terrible[1], the internet was dominated by UNIX based operating systems. Relative to their needs, Novell deemed the Unixes of the day [2]: It has been suggested that Desktop metaphor,Paper paradigm be merged into this article or section. ...
Digital integration is the idea that data or information on any given electronic device can be read or manipulated by another device using a standard format. ...
Windows 3. ...
Filiation of Unix and Unix-like systems Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX®) is a computer operating system originally developed in the 1960s and 1970s by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Douglas McIlroy. ...
- Too hardware intensive
- Too large
- Charged too much in license fees
This group became convinced that Linux offered the best possible answer for the OS component. There were many other components as well, of particular interest were It has been suggested that Licensing (strategic alliance) be merged into this article or section. ...
Linux (IPA pronunciation: ) is a Unix-like computer operating system family that uses the Linux kernel. ...
An operating system (OS) is a computer program that manages the hardware and software resources of a computer. ...
Software component representations: above the representation used in UML, below the representation commonly used by Microsofts COM objects. ...
On April 5th 1994 the Board of Novell brought in Robert Frankenberg, the general manager of Hewlett-Packard Personal Information Products Group to replace Ray Noorda as CEO of Novell. Novell's stock price had performed poorly recently due to flagging growth. There were 3 divisions within Novell: A application programming interface (API) is the interface that a computer system, library or application provides in order to allow requests for services to be made of it by other computer programs, and/or to allow data to be exchanged between them. ...
In computer programming, Qt is a cross-platform application development framework, widely used for the development of GUI programs, and, since the release of Qt 4, also used for developing non-GUI programs such as console tools and servers. ...
WordPerfect is a proprietary word processing application. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into word processor. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Wine is a project which aims to allow a PC running a Unix-like operating system and the X Window System to execute programs originally written for Microsoft Windows. ...
‹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ...
This article is about emulation in computer science. ...
The Hewlett-Packard Company (NYSE: HPQ), commonly known as HP, is a very large, global company headquartered in Palo Alto, California, United States. ...
Raymond Noorda (born 1924) was a U.S. computer businessman. ...
Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is the job of having the ultimate executive responsibility or authority within an organization or corporation. ...
Novell was also the name of a road bicycle racing team. ...
See stock (disambiguation) for other meanings of the term stock In financial terminology, stock is the capital raised by a corporation, through the issuance and sale of shares. ...
- The Network division growing at 19% per year
- The UNIX business division which was flat
- The Desktop Applications division which was shrinking at a rate of $400 million per year
Frankenberg's initiative was to refocus the company on networking and networking services. In terms of the Corsair that meant shedding most of the pieces. Negotiations started which would eventually lead to Wordperfect being sold off to Corel. The advanced technology group was disbanded which shut down Willow and the OS project. Ferret was in line with the new direction and this component was kept within Novell. Ray Noorda had founded a venture capital investment group called the Canopy Group two years earlier. He felt there was substantial promise in both the OS project and the Willow project. He created two companies, to continue the work started at Novell. The OS company was called Caldera System, and the API company Willows Software. WordPerfect is a proprietary word processing application. ...
Corel Corporation is a computer software company headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. ...
Venture capital is a general term to describe financing for startup and early stage businesses as well as businesses in turn around situations. ...
The Canopy Group is an investment firm founded by Ray Noorda, headquartered in Lindon, Utah. ...
Noorda's early vision for Caldera was to create an IPX based version of Linux which would license the key components, resell this technology back to Novell to continue the "Internet Desktop", to quote Noorda, "Caldera Network Desktop for Internet Access, a commercial grade implementation of Linux with built-in IPX, Windows for Workgroup and Internet protocol support and support for DOS/Windows/Unix applications". In effect Caldera started life as an outsourcing project for Novell. Caldera started with ten employees and most were from Novell: Bryan Sparks, founder/president (Novell); Bryce Burns, chief operations officer (Novell); Ransom Love, VP marketing (Novell); Greg Page, VP engineering (Bell Labs, AT&T); Craig Bradley, VP Sales (Lotus, Word Perfect). Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) is at the Network layer of the OSI model and is part of the IPX/SPX protocol stack. ...
Outsourcing entered the business lexicon in the 1980s and often refers to the delegation of non-core operations from internal production to an external entity specialising in the management of that operation. ...
Ransom Love is the co-founder and former chief executive officer of Caldera, now the SCO Group. ...
Caldera Network Desktop
 Back of Network Desktop 1 box At this point Ransom Love and Noorda took note of the technologies that Caldera put together. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (742x965, 125 KB) Summary Back of the Caldera Network Desktop 1. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (742x965, 125 KB) Summary Back of the Caldera Network Desktop 1. ...
More than just a component for Novell, Caldera has assembled the components needed to create a VAR platform. Caldera faced a chicken and egg problem. OEM VAR applications often depended crucially on other company's commercial application software. Since these other applications hadn't been ported to Linux yet they couldn't meaningfully port their own applications. Caldera responded by creating a binary applications package which allowed Linux to run Unixware and OpenServer applications, the Linux ABI project, and assisting SCO in creating the LKP(Linux Kernel Personalities). To quote Love, "We worked on Linux Kernel Personalities to bring Linux application compatibility to SCO Unix (formerly UnixWare) and OpenServer. The idea was to enable developers to write for both Unix and Linux with a common Application Programming Interface (API) and common Application Binary Interface (ABI). That way developers didn't have to work so hard, and Unix users, the client base we inherited from SCO, could run Linux applications. We were no longer thinking about mixing code; we were trying to create a common development environment. We were trying to keep the Unix and Linux kernels separate, while tying them to common APIs and ABIs." x86 or 80x86 is the generic name of a microprocessor architecture first developed and manufactured by Intel. ...
IBM PowerPC 601 Microprocessor PowerPC is a RISC microprocessor architecture created by the 1991 Apple–IBM–Motorola alliance, known as AIM. Originally intended for personal computers, PowerPC CPUs have since become popular embedded and high-performance processors as well. ...
DEC Alpha AXP 21064 Microprocessor The DEC Alpha, also known as the Alpha AXP, is a 64-bit RISC microprocessor originally developed and fabricated by Digital Equipment Corp (DEC). ...
Diagram of the relationships between several Unix-like systems A Unix-like operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. ...
A wide area network or WAN is a computer network covering a broad geographical area. ...
A typical Windows 3. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with . ...
Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) is at the Network layer of the OSI model and is part of the IPX/SPX protocol stack. ...
Local area network scheme A local area network (LAN) is a computer network covering a local area, like a home, office, or group of buildings[1]. Current LANs are most likely to be based on switched IEEE 802. ...
A application programming interface (API) is the interface that a computer system, library or application provides in order to allow requests for services to be made of it by other computer programs, and/or to allow data to be exchanged between them. ...
Source code (commonly just source or code) is any series of statements written in some human-readable computer programming language. ...
The first Macintosh computer, introduced in 1984, upgraded to a 512K Fat Mac. The Macintosh or Mac, is a line of personal computers designed, developed, manufactured, and marketed by Apple Computer. ...
Software component representations: above the representation used in UML, below the representation commonly used by Microsofts COM objects. ...
A value-added reseller (VAR) is a company that adds some feature to an existing product, then sells it (usually to end-users) as a new package. ...
The question Which came first? - The chicken or the egg? is one of the most debated arguments of all time. ...
Commercial may mean: as a noun: a form of advertising, as in a television commercial as an adjective: referring to commerce or for-profit activities or trade (compare with non-profit organization) a breed of cattle, Commercial This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Linux (IPA pronunciation: ) is a Unix-like computer operating system family that uses the Linux kernel. ...
In computer science, object file or object code is an intermediate representation of code generated by a compiler after it processes a source code file. ...
UnixWare is a flavor of the Unix operating system. ...
SCO OpenServer, previously SCO UNIX and SCO ODT, is a Unix-like computer operating system developed by Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) and now maintained by the SCO Group. ...
A software developer is a programmer who is concerned with one or more facets of the software development process, a somewhat broader scope of computer programming. ...
In computer software, an application binary interface (ABI) describes the low-level interface between an application program and the operating system, between an application and its libraries, or between component parts of the application. ...
Caldera also supported Alan Cox in his work on SMP, "Caldera bought the hardware... the dual P90 board + processors was not exactly cheap. The board btw is alive and well and currently owned by Dave Jones"[3] Intel was supportive of Caldera's strategy. If Linux destroyed the Unix base on Intel then Sun wouldn't have a low-end Unix path. This point becomes more interesting in light of SCO's litigation 8 years later. Intel Corporation (NASDAQ: INTC, SEHK: 4335), founded in 1968 as Integrated Electronics Corporation, is an American multinational corporation that is best known for designing and manufacturing microprocessors and specialized integrated circuits. ...
A strategy is a long term plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal, as differentiated from tactics or immediate actions with resources at hand. ...
It is worth commenting however that:
- IBM was not the company involved
- The company most directly involved is the company that later became the SCO group
One might conclude SCO is suing IBM for its own acts. International Business Machines Corporation (known as IBM or Big Blue; NYSE: IBM) is a multinational computer technology corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, USA. The company is one of the few information technology companies with a continuous history dating back to the 19th century. ...
The SCO Group, Inc. ...
On March 6, 2003, the SCO Group (formerly known as Caldera Systems) filed a $1 billion lawsuit in the US against IBM for allegedly devaluing its version of the UNIX operating system. ...
Here is a review from Linux Journal of a late beta of Linux Desktop 1.0, and the original press release with more information.
During 1996 Caldera continued to be a valuable player, for example on May 23, 1996, at the Linux Kongress in Berlin, Germany, Caldera announced its plans to obtain POSIX and FIPS Certifications and the X/Open brand for UNIX 95 and XPG4 BASE 95 for the Linux operating system kernel. 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ...
May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ...
Berlin is the capital city and one of the sixteen states of the Federal Republic of Germany. ...
POSIX or Portable Operating System Interface[1] is the collective name of a family of related standards specified by the IEEE to define the application programming interface (API) for software compatible with variants of the Unix operating system. ...
Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the U.S. Federal government for use by all (non-military) government agencies and by government contractors. ...
X/Open Company, Ltd. ...
X/Open Portability Guide Issue 4 Also known as Common Applications Environment Specification Issue 4. ...
The Linux kernel is a Unix-like operating system kernel. ...
Caldera Open Linux By 1997 Caldera had taken on the form that it would be most remembered for. Caldera had switched over to the high end Linux product, Image File history File links Caldera-logo. ...
Image File history File links Caldera-logo. ...
1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
High end refers to the best and generally most expensive of a class of goods or services. ...
Linux (IPA pronunciation: ) is a Unix-like computer operating system family that uses the Linux kernel. ...
In 1995 for example when XFree86 was still very hard to configure and unreliable on most chip sets, Caldera had shipped with MetroLink's Motif and XI Graphic's accelerated X. A hobby is a spare-time recreational pursuit. ...
It has been suggested that Linux be merged into this article or section. ...
Installation is the process of putting a program in a computer system such that the program works as desired. ...
Proprietary software is software with restrictions on using, copying and modifying as enforced by the proprietor. ...
A community usually refers to a sociological group in a large place or collections of plant or animal organisms sharing an environment. ...
A system administrator, or sysadmin, is a person employed to maintain, and operate a computer system or network. ...
Technical support (also tech support) is a range of services providing assistance with computer hardware, software, or other electronic or mechanical goods. ...
A graphical user interface (or GUI, often pronounced gooey), is a particular case of user interface for interacting with a computer which employs graphical images and widgets in addition to text to represent the information and actions available to the user. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
XFree86 is an implementation of the X Window System . ...
Screenshot of an application that uses the Open Motif toolkit Motif (or capitalized MOTIF) is a graphical widget toolkit for building graphical user interfaces under the X Window System on Unix and other POSIX-compliant systems. ...
Listing the software for any particular year for a dead product is pointless but over the next 5 years they offered additional commercial extensions to Linux (including but not exclusively):
- They licensed Sun's Wabi (Windows Application Binary Interface) to allow people to run Windows applications under Linux.
- From Novell and later Corel they shipped with Linux versions of Word Perfect and CorelDRAW.
- They felt an integrated office suite was essential and shipped with the integrated StarOffice (the version acquired by Sun not the version produced by Sun).
- Since many of their customers used a dual boot setup and FIPS was unreliable they shipped with PartitionMagic to allow their customers to non destructively repartition their disk.
- They continued to bundle in their Netware Server and Netware clients for Linux.
- They worked with IBM and produced the first Linux distribution which was DB2 compatible. They also shipped with a demo of DB2.
- They worked with the Oracle corporation and were the target platform for the Linux port of the Oracle database.
In addition to other people's apps they created many Linux extensions to fill voids where no other commercial company was. Sun Microsystems, Inc. ...
Novell was also the name of a road bicycle racing team. ...
Corel Corporation is a computer software company headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. ...
WordPerfect is a word processing program; at the height of its popularity in the late 1980s and early 1990s, it was the de facto standard word processor, but has since been eclipsed in sales by Microsoft Word. ...
CorelDRAW is a vector graphics editor developed and marketed by Corel Corporation of Ottawa, Canada. ...
Digital integration is the idea that data or information on any given electronic device can be read or manipulated by another device using a standard format. ...
In computing, an office suite, sometimes called an office application suite or productivity suite is a software suite intended to be used by typical clerical and knowledge workers. ...
StarOffice is Sun Microsystems commercial office suite software package. ...
Dual booting or dual-booting is the act of installing multiple operating systems on a computer, and choosing which one when it boots. ...
FIPS could mean Federal Information Processing Standard, publicly announced standards developed by the U.S. Federal government. ...
PartitionMagic is a computer program for hard disk drive partitioning originally made by the PowerQuest corporation but now owned by Symantec. ...
In computer engineering, hard disk drive partitioning is the creation of logical divisions upon a hard disk that allows one to apply operating system-specific logical formatting. ...
Typical hard drives of the mid-1990s. ...
NetWare is a network operating system developed by Novell, Inc. ...
International Business Machines Corporation (known as IBM or Big Blue; NYSE: IBM) is a multinational computer technology corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, USA. The company is one of the few information technology companies with a continuous history dating back to the 19th century. ...
DB2 is IBMs line of RDBMS (or, as IBM now calls it, data server) software products within IBMs broader Information Management software line. ...
Oracle Corporation (NASDAQ: ORCL) is one of the major companies developing database management systems (DBMS), tools for database development, middle-tier software (Fusion Middleware), enterprise resource planning software (ERP), customer relationship management software (CRM) and supply chain planning (SCM) software. ...
An Oracle database consists of a collection of data managed by an Oracle database management system. ...
This page talks about the programming concept; for other meanings, see extension. ...
- They began working on a Linux equivalent of replacing Microsoft Exchange Server and Microsoft Outlook that would eventually become Volution Messaging Server. Volution Messaging Server which was a replacement for exchange server integration with Microsoft's Outlook and offers calendaring/scheduling options with shared busy/free information, SSL support for e-mail and easy configuration, Here is a review of what the product became.
- They created the first fully graphical installer for Linux. Lizard
- They invented browser based UNIX system administration and created the webmin project.
- To help port DOS applications they purchased DR-DOS and used the source code to create OpenDOS.
- They created a full featured GUI system administration tool COAS. The tool was:
- They were the first distribution to be pick a specific GUI, and oriented themselves as a KDE distribution long before any other major Linux distribution was doing anything similar. Mandrake followed soon thereafter.
- They started the Blackdown Java project.
- The early on saw the role for Linux in the embedded market space and founded the Embedix distribution, which was an early attempt to create a real time linux. Other Linux vendors generally went for Linux APIs on top of other people's RTOS. For example RedHat was using Linux apis on top of ECOS in its ELIX project.
Politically they also drove Linux in a commercial direction. Microsoft Exchange Server is a messaging and collaborative software product developed by Microsoft. ...
Microsoft Outlook or Outlook (full name Microsoft Office Outlook since Outlook 2003) is a personal information manager from Microsoft, and is part of the Microsoft Office suite. ...
Look up scheduling in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Webmin is a system configuration tool for Unix-like systems. ...
DR-DOS is a PC DOS-compatible operating system for IBM PC-compatible personal computers, originally developed by Gary Kildalls Digital Research and derived from CP/M-86. ...
OpenDOS is a freeware DOS-like and MS-DOS-compatible operating system. ...
The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...
In computer science, porting is the process of adapting software so that an executable program can be created for a computing environment that is different from the one for which it was originally designed (e. ...
In computing, a platform describes some sort of framework, either in hardware or software, which allows software to run. ...
Open systems are computer systems that provide either interoperability, portability, or freedom from proprietary standards, depending on users perspective. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Modularity (programming). ...
Batch processing is the execution of a series of programs (jobs) on a computer without human interaction, when possible. ...
Ncurses is a programming library providing an API, allowing the programmer to write text user interfaces in a terminal-independent manner. ...
In computer programming, Qt is a cross-platform application development framework, widely used for the development of GUI programs, and, since the release of Qt 4, also used for developing non-GUI programs such as console tools and servers. ...
Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems in the early 1990s. ...
Python is a programming language created by Guido van Rossum in 1990. ...
The correct title of this article is vi. ...
// In telecommunications and software engineering, scalability is a desirable property of a system, a network or a process, which indicates its ability to either handle growing amounts of work in a graceful manner, or to be readily enlarged. ...
KDE (K Desktop Environment) (IPA: ) is a free software project which aims to be a powerful ecosystem for an easy-to-use desktop environment. ...
Mandriva Linux (formerly Mandrakelinux or Mandrake Linux) is a Linux distribution created by french company Mandriva (formerly Mandrakesoft). ...
Blackdown Java is a port of Suns Java virtual machine to Linux by a group of volunteers. ...
Embedded Linux is a Linux based embedded operating system used in cell phones, personal digital assistants, media player handsets and other consumer electronics devices. ...
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is a class of operating system intended for real-time applications. ...
A application programming interface (API) is the interface that a computer system, library or application provides in order to allow requests for services to be made of it by other computer programs, and/or to allow data to be exchanged between them. ...
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is a class of operating system intended for real-time applications. ...
Alternate meanings: See Red hat Red Hat, Inc. ...
eCos (embedded Configurable operating system) is an open source, royalty-free, real-time operating system intended for embedded systems and applications which need only one process. ...
By the end Caldera offered 3 versions: A professional certification, trade certification, or professional designation often called simply certification or qualification is a designation earned by a person to certify that he is qualified to perform a job. ...
The Linux Professional Institute (LPI) is a non-profit organization that provides vendor-independent certification for Linux system administrators. ...
In computer software, an application binary interface (ABI) describes the low-level interface between an application program and the operating system, between an application and its libraries, or between component parts of the application. ...
Open Standards are publicly available and implementable standards. ...
In computer science, porting is the process of adapting software so that an executable program can be created for a computing environment that is different from the one for which it was originally designed (e. ...
The Linux Standard Base, or LSB, is a joint project by several GNU/Linux distributions under the organizational structure of The Free Standards Group to standardize the internal structure of Linux-based operating systems. ...
Vulnerability assessment is the process of identifying and quantifying vulnerabilities in a system. ...
A value-added reseller (VAR) is a company that adds some feature to an existing product, then sells it (usually to end-users) as a new package. ...
Original equipment manufacturer, or OEM, is a term that refers to a situation in which one company purchases a manufactured product from another company and resells the product as its own, usually as a part of a larger product the original company is selling. ...
Filiation of Unix and Unix-like systems Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX®) is a computer operating system originally developed in the 1960s and 1970s by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Douglas McIlroy. ...
A vertical application or vertical market application, is software defined by requirements for a single, or narrowly defined, market. ...
Henry Gleitman had commented that while Freud's theory itself was wrong, "Freud provided a goal for posterity. He showed us the kinds of questions that we have to answer before we can claim to have a full theory of the human personality." The analogous point can be made of Caldera OpenLinux, OpenLinux was not a Microsoft killer, but it showed the Linux community what would be required to create a mainstream desktop OS out of the Linux kernel. In many ways the last 10 years of desktop progress has been to successfully implement what Caldera was attempting to do with the tools they had available. Their technique for this was to utilize commercial software to fill in the largest gaps. This made their product a "value add" and thus they could charge for it, and at the same time it made them the most advanced distribution available. Uploading and downloading are related terms used to describe the transfer of electronic data between two computers or similar systems. ...
Version is a state of an object or concept that varies from its previous state or condition. ...
This page talks about the programming concept; for other meanings, see extension. ...
Sigmund Freud (May 6, 1856–September 23, 1939; IPA pronunciation: [] in German, [] in English) was a Jewish-Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist who co-founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology. ...
The word theory has a number of distinct meanings in different fields of knowledge, depending on their methodologies and the context of discussion. ...
This page is a candidate to be copied to Wiktionary using the Transwiki process. ...
A question is any of several kinds of linguistic expressions normally used by a questioner to request the presentation of information back to the questioner, in the form of an answer, by the audience. ...
Personality psychology is a branch of psychology which studies personality and individual differences. ...
Analogy is either the cognitive process of transferring or giving information from a particular subject (the analogue or source) to another particular subject (the target), or a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process. ...
Microsoft is one of few companies engaging itself in the console wars Where they are up against sony, nintendo, and of course sharps new console which may cause a threat. ...
It has been suggested that Desktop metaphor,Paper paradigm be merged into this article or section. ...
Lineo and Marketing In July 1999 Caldera decides on a major refocus, on the embedded side where Caldera's technologies that were way ahead, were owned by them. These were: Image File history File links Lineo-Logo. ...
Image File history File links Lineo-Logo. ...
A router, an example of an embedded system. ...
- Rt-Control provided UCLinux, a version of Linux for microcontrollers such as the Motorola 68k/ColdFire line, i960, ARM7, and ETRAX CRIS chips. Because these chips have no MMU (thus cannot provide multi-tasking capabilities), uClinux is able to run full-featured in as little as 150 KB of RAM with a 1 MB ROM chip.
- FirePlug focuses on specialized Linux-based project such as their Linux firewall. They build these on the ThinLinux product, which runs in as little as 2 MB of disk/flash storage and 8 MB RAM.
- Embedix, Lineo's flagship product, runs a complete multitasking, networked Linux operating system in 2 MB of ROM/flash and 4 MB of RAM.
- Embedix Browser was a fully graphical internet browser for embedded systems, this was in essence the Zenotropix browser.
- Embedix SDK which was the Zentropix SDK.
This combination of technologies allowed Caldera to offer a full Linux operating system with a graphical browser that could run off a floppy disk. More importantly the product was unique, and this came from the fact that Caldera's view on the Linux embedded market was differed from other vendors. All the other vendors believed that Linux was heavily fragmented and that the solution was to offer Linux features for real time OSes, that is a Linux API for some other OSes. Red Hat with its EL/IX created a kernel independent framework (API) which allowed some Linux software to run on the ECOS kernel. Caldera did not agree with this assesment and believed the API was offered far more advantages and allowed for a fully hardened system, that is Caldera utilized a custom Linux kernel. As Bryan Sparks said, "Through the six companies we've acquired, Lineo has been able to extend the same (Linux) technology across multiple chip architectures, and we've also added real-time capabilities. Our acquisitions have given us a broader breadth of Linux support, from very small microcontrollers, through traditional platforms like x86, and up to high end, high availability systems. We see our strategy as a 'breadth strategy': moving a common api (i.e. the Linux api) in multiple directions, to gain broader market share." μClinux (which stands for MicroControllerLinux and is pronounced as you-see-Linux) is a fork of the Linux kernel for microcontrollers (µCs, embedded systems) without a memory management unit (MMU). ...
A microcontroller is a computer-on-a-chip optimised to control devices. ...
The Motorola 680x0/0x0/m68k/68k/68K family of CISC microprocessor CPU chips were 32-bit from the start, and were the primary competition for the Intel x86 family of chips. ...
The Freescale ColdFire is a 68k architecture microprocessor manufactured for embedded systems development by Freescale Semiconductor (formerly the semiconductor sector of Motorola). ...
Intels i960 (or 80960) was a RISC-based microprocessor design that became quite popular during the early 1990s as an embedded microcontroller, for some time likely the best-selling CPU in that field, pushing the AMD 29000 from that spot. ...
The ARM architecture (previously, the Advanced RISC Machine, and prior to that Acorn RISC Machine) is a 32-bit RISC processor architecture that is widely used in a number of embedded designs. ...
Axis ETRAX CRIS Family of processors produced by Axis Communications. ...
A microprocessor (sometimes abbreviated µP) is a programmable digital electronic component that incorporates the functions of a central processing unit (CPU) on a single semiconducting integrated circuit (IC). ...
MMU, short for memory management unit, is a class of computer hardware components responsible for handling memory accesses requested by the CPU. Among the functions of such devices are the translation of virtual addresses to physical addresses (i. ...
In computing, multitasking is a method by which multiple tasks, also known as processes, share common processing resources such as a CPU. In the case of a computer with a single CPU, only one task is said to be running at any point in time, meaning that the CPU is...
A kilobyte (derived from the SI prefix kilo-, meaning 1000) is a unit of information or computer storage equal to the decimal 1024 bytes (2 to the 10th power, or 1,024 bytes based in the binary system). ...
Random Access Memory (usually known by its acronym, RAM) is a type of data storage used in computers. ...
Read-only memory (ROM) is a class of storage media used in computers and other electronic devices. ...
It has been suggested that network layer firewall be merged into this article or section. ...
A megabyte is a unit of information or computer storage equal to exactly one million bytes. ...
A megabyte is a unit of information or computer storage equal to exactly one million bytes. ...
A flagship is the ship used by the commanding officer of a group of naval ships. ...
A USB flash drive. ...
A web browser is a software package that enables a user to display and interact with documents hosted by web servers. ...
A software development kit (SDK or devkit) is typically a set of development tools that allows a software engineer to create applications for a certain software package, software framework, hardware platform, computer system, video game console, operating system or similar. ...
Linux (IPA pronunciation: ) is a Unix-like computer operating system family that uses the Linux kernel. ...
An operating system (OS) is a computer program that manages the hardware and software resources of a computer. ...
A floppy disk is a data storage device that is composed of a disk of thin, flexible (floppy) magnetic storage medium encased in a square or rectangular plastic shell. ...
A router, an example of an embedded system. ...
A kernel connects the application software to the hardware of a computer. ...
In software development, a framework is a defined support structure in which another software project can be organized and developed. ...
A application programming interface (API) is the interface that a computer system, library or application provides in order to allow requests for services to be made of it by other computer programs, and/or to allow data to be exchanged between them. ...
eCos (embedded Configurable operating system) is an open source, royalty-free, real-time operating system intended for embedded systems and applications which need only one process. ...
Computer security is the current computer science collaboration of the week! Please help improve it to featured article standard. ...
The former thin client and embedded systems division of Caldera Systems. ...
Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
A microcontroller is a computer-on-a-chip optimised to control devices. ...
x86 or 80x86 is the generic name of a microprocessor architecture first developed and manufactured by Intel. ...
High end refers to the best and generally most expensive of a class of goods or services. ...
A protocol and associated execution that ensures a certain relative degree of computing-system operational continuity in any downtime event. ...
And thus Bryan Sparks CEO or Caldera Systems, split off the embedded Linux company Lineo as a technology company under his own direction. The desktop company became Caldera International under the direction of Ransom Love. The focus for the desktop company became mainly marketing (Ransom Love was promoted to CEO from VP of Marketing) and business relationships. There were several reasons for this. The first was that Caldera had won a two hundred and fifty million dollar lawsuit against Microsoft for DR-DOS and was flush with cash. Secondly, while the Caldera distribution was good, its primary advantages were the use of technologies not owned by Caldera and thus if Caldera were successful its success could (from a technical standpoint) be imitated, by Red Hat, SUSE, TurboLinux, etc... For years Caldera had been competing directly with SCO Unix, but by 1997 Linux outperformed SCO in almost every respect. But making the choice to swtich from SCO to Caldera was not a "no-brainer" for companies because that also meant a switch of vendors and support organizations. Caldera's SCO acquisition was aimed at eliminating this problem. That is Caldera International's corporate direction became: combine SCO's distribution, marketing and VAR arm with LAMP, and use Project Monterey to develop a 64-bit strategy. In short what SCO offered was: The former thin client and embedded systems division of Caldera Systems. ...
Desktop computer with several common peripherals (Monitor, keyboard, mouse, speakers, microphone and a printer) A desktop computer is a personal computer made for use on a desk in an office or home and is distinguished from portable computers such as laptops or PDAs. ...
The SCO Group, Inc. ...
Ransom Love is the co-founder and former chief executive officer of Caldera, now the SCO Group. ...
Wikibooks has more about this subject: Marketing Look up marketing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
It has been suggested that civil trial be merged into this article or section. ...
Microsoft is one of few companies engaging itself in the console wars Where they are up against sony, nintendo, and of course sharps new console which may cause a threat. ...
DR-DOS is a PC DOS-compatible operating system for IBM PC-compatible personal computers, originally developed by Gary Kildalls Digital Research and derived from CP/M-86. ...
Red Hat, Inc. ...
SUSE (properly pronounced , but often pronounced /suzi/) is a major retail Linux distribution, produced in Germany. ...
Turbolinux is a Linux distribution company, whose distribution is popular in Asia. ...
Tarantella, Inc. ...
The acronym LAMP (or L.A.M.P.) refers to a set of free software programs commonly used together to run dynamic Web sites or servers: Linux, (more precisely GNU/Linux) the operating system; Apache, the Web server; MySQL, the database management system (or database server); PHP (Sometimes Perl or...
The Project Monterey Logo Project Monterey was an attempt to build a single Unix-like operating system that ran across a variety of 32-bit and 64-bit platforms, as well as supporting multi-processing. ...
In computing, a 64-bit component is one in which data are processed or stored in 64-bit units (words). ...
- A strong list of business clients.
- Higher compatibility between SCO and Linux than any other Unix/Linux combination, mainly as a result of Caldera's long standing SCO focus that created products like ABI and thus resulted in ports of SCO code to Linux
- A good back-office and database solution while Linux specialized in networking (LAMP) and client desktop, a very appealing combination in challenging Sun and Microsoft
- A global infrastructure (presence in about 80 countries), Caldera was domestic
- Thousands of business applications targeted to vertical markets
- Some of the 3rd party components needed to get HPUX, AIX, Solaris 3rd party Java applications ported to Linux
From a technical standpoint however Caldera Open Linux really shined during the Ransom Love years. Their commercial bundling solution continued to work. They had a powerful low bug (by Linux standards) distribution that worked well on a wide range of hardware. They charged a great deal relative to other distribution and were able to generate a very strong profit. Red Hat pulled way ahead of them in terms of US sales and on the global sales front they trailed SUSE and TurboLinux as well, but financially due to the DR-DOS settlement they were the strongest of all the Linux distributions. The term compatibility has the following meanings: In telecommunication, the capability of two or more items or components of equipment or material to exist or function in the same system or environment without mutual interference. ...
The acronym LAMP (or L.A.M.P.) refers to a set of free software programs commonly used together to run dynamic Web sites or servers: Linux, (more precisely GNU/Linux) the operating system; Apache, the Web server; MySQL, the database management system (or database server); PHP (Sometimes Perl or...
In computing, a client is a system that accesses a (remote) service on another computer by some kind of network. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
HP-UX is Hewlett-Packards proprietary implementation of the Unix operating system. ...
AIX (Advanced Interactive eXecutive) is a proprietary operating system developed by IBM based on UNIX System V. Before the product was ever marketed, the acronym AIX originally stood for Advanced IBM UNIX. AIX has pioneered numerous network operating system enhancements, introducing new innovations later adopted by Unix-like operating systems...
Solaris is a computer operating system developed by Sun Microsystems. ...
Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems in the early 1990s. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Commercial software is computer software sold for commercial purposes or that serves commercial purposes. ...
Product bundling is a marketing strategy that involves offering several products for sale as one combined product. ...
A software bug is an error, flaw, mistake, failure, or fault in a computer program that prevents it from behaving as intended (e. ...
It has been suggested that Linux be merged into this article or section. ...
United Linux
 United Linux mascot Caldera quickly found itself in a classic business problem where the interests of the existing business conflicted with their growth model. SCO was a much larger company than Caldera International had been (the DR-DOS settlement had been what made the buyout possible), and in fact of the $71m of revenue 90% was from the SCO side of the business. Moreover, Caldera costs $2 in marketing to generate a $1 in sales, SCO was mature and sold itself (mainly to repeat customer). The VAR relationship was even more problematic. Caldera had always sold the "Linux is SCO but better" model and had done everything possible to make the transition from SCO to Caldera relatively seamless. Each of the 14,000 SCO resellers made much more from each SCO sale than from sales of Caldera so they were not anxious to move existing customers from SCO to Linux; and even those that were supportive of Linux saw no strong value add for Caldera and often sold Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Caldera had two businesses in direct competition one which was a shrinking but still profitable UNIX business, the other a rapidly growing business that was still hemorrhaging money. Image File history File links Penguin-Outline. ...
DR-DOS is a PC DOS-compatible operating system for IBM PC-compatible personal computers, originally developed by Gary Kildalls Digital Research and derived from CP/M-86. ...
A value-added reseller (VAR) is a company that adds some feature to an existing product, then sells it (usually to end-users) as a new package. ...
Linux (IPA pronunciation: ) is a Unix-like computer operating system family that uses the Linux kernel. ...
SCO OpenServer, previously SCO UNIX and SCO ODT, is a Unix-like computer operating system developed by Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) and now maintained by the SCO Group. ...
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (often abbreviated to RHEL) is a Linux distribution produced by Red Hat and targeted toward the commercial market, including mainframes. ...
The most logical solution was to establish Caldera as the premier Linux brand. Without the threat from Red Hat, transitioning resellers from SCO to Caldera would be much easier. With this in mind Ransom Love formed an alliance of large business oriented Linux distributions which utilized the KDE desktop, called United Linux: It has been suggested that Linux be merged into this article or section. ...
Red Hat, Inc. ...
Ransom Love is the co-founder and former chief executive officer of Caldera, now the SCO Group. ...
KDE (K Desktop Environment) (IPA: ) is a free software project which aims to be a powerful ecosystem for an easy-to-use desktop environment. ...
United Linux was an attempt by a consortium of Linux distributors to create a common base distribution for enterprise use, so as to minimise duplication of engineering effort and form an effective competitor to Red Hat. ...
- Caldera
- SUSE Linux, one of the largest distributions in Europe, and the most business oriented
- Turbolinux, the largest distribution in Asia
- Conectiva, the premier business oriented Linux distribution in South America
As filings from Novell in the SCO Group SCO v. Novell lawsuit show us this was more than simply a marketing gimmick: SUSE (properly pronounced , but often pronounced /suzi/) is a major retail Linux distribution, produced in Germany. ...
Turbolinux is a Linux distribution company, whose distribution is popular in Asia. ...
Conectiva is a company founded in August 28, 1995, that was the pioneer in the distribution of Linux and Open Source in Brazilian Portuguese, Spanish and English for all of Latin America. ...
Novell was also the name of a road bicycle racing team. ...
After The SCO Group initiated their Linux campaign, they made several statements that they were the owners of Unix. ...
In particular the United Linux members agreed that each member would have an irrevocable, perpetual, and worldwide license to use and unlimitedly exploit any intellectual property rights of the other members in the UnitedLinux Software, which would be transferred to the LLC for this very purpose... Business responded favorable to the movement: IBM and AMD quickly formed partnerships, the Linux Professional Institute adopted United Linux as their standard distribution for training. In many ways it could be argued (and United Linux itself argues this) that with United Linux November 2002 release Ransom Love accomplished the goal that Caldera had been working for during the last 10 years. For the first time there was a Linux distribution with: International Business Machines Corporation (known as IBM or Big Blue; NYSE: IBM) is a multinational computer technology corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, USA. The company is one of the few information technology companies with a continuous history dating back to the 19th century. ...
AMD redirects here. ...
The Linux Professional Institute (LPI) is a non-profit organization that provides vendor-independent certification for Linux system administrators. ...
- Global scope
- Global support at the VAR, OEM and distribution level
- A full training organization
- Some governmental buy-in
- Support from major corporations
- Enterprise applications like Oracle supported out of the box
- An actual production GUI that ran well on a variety of hardware
SUSE had the engineering as it had continued to maintain a large technical staff, Caldera had the global support organization and Turbo Linux and Conectiva brought with growth potential into less flooded markets. This merger was so successful that Love and Sparks could claim vindication that year when Novell reversed the Frankenberg decision and brought United Linux engineering talent back into the fold with the acquisition of SUSE. Original equipment manufacturer, or OEM, is a term that refers to a situation in which one company purchases a manufactured product from another company and resells the product as its own, usually as a part of a larger product the original company is selling. ...
Enterprise application software is application software that performs business functions such as accounting, production scheduling, customer information tracking, bank account maintenance, and the like. ...
An Oracle database consists of a collection of data managed by an Oracle database management system. ...
Out of the Box is a Disney Channel show for kids ages 4-8, that took place in a box, really a giant playhouse, where kids and two hosts, Vivian McLaughlin and Tony made arts & crafts, played games, and sang songs. ...
A graphical user interface (or GUI, often pronounced gooey), is a particular case of user interface for interacting with a computer which employs graphical images and widgets in addition to text to represent the information and actions available to the user. ...
United Linux was rejected by the broader Linux community however. The use of per seat licensing was the most highly controversial move by United Linux for example. More importantly by the time United Linux was released Caldera was already dead. Darl McBride had become CEO of Caldera International and the focus had shifted away from Linux. Darl McBride (born about 1960) became the CEO of The SCO Group (formerly known as Caldera) on June 28, 2002. ...
As an incidental Caldera at this point released a Caldera "Linux distribution" with the OpenUNIX 8 kernel instead of the Linux kernel. Unix has TLI and STREAMS support which makes writing drivers easier. This product supports Richard Stallman's point that Linux is merely a kernel for the GNU system. Caldera proved this by replacing the kernel and yet not having to change much else on a full featured desktop and server "Linux". UnixWare is a flavor of the Unix operating system. ...
The Linux kernel is a Unix-like operating system kernel. ...
Filiation of Unix and Unix-like systems Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX®) is a computer operating system originally developed in the 1960s and 1970s by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Douglas McIlroy. ...
STREAMS is the Unix System V networking architecture. ...
Richard Matthew Stallman (nickname RMS) (born March 16, 1953) is an acclaimed software freedom activist, hacker, and software developer. ...
GNU (pronounced ) is a computer operating system - consisting of a kernel, libraries, system utilities, compilers, and end-user application software - composed entirely of free software. ...
Copyright infringement allegations - Further information: SCO-Linux_controversies
In 2002, the Caldera board of directors, including Ralph Yarro, brought in the CEO of Franklin-Covey Darl McBride. Almost immediately he saw the value of Caldera as being primarily the value of SCO[citation needed]. The company was renamed The SCO Group. Ransom Love was reassigned to work exclusively on United Linux. After he completed this, he left the company to join Progeny Linux Systems which was aiming to create a professional Debian. He remains there in the capacity of a board member and advisor[2]. The SCO-Linux controversies are a series of legal and public disputes between the software company SCO Group (SCO) and various Linux vendors and users. ...
In relation to a company, a director is an officer of the company charged with the conduct and management of its affairs. ...
Ralph Yarro III is currently chairman of the board and the largest stockholder in The SCO Group, Inc. ...
Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is the job of having the ultimate executive responsibility or authority within an organization or corporation. ...
The Franklin Covey Company was formed on May 30, 1997 when Franklin Quest acquired the Covey Leadership Center, the firm created by Stephen Covey They are based in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. They are the company who market the Franklin Planner. ...
Darl McBride (born about 1960) became the CEO of The SCO Group (formerly known as Caldera) on June 28, 2002. ...
The SCO Group, Inc. ...
Ransom Love is the co-founder and former chief executive officer of Caldera, now the SCO Group. ...
Progeny provides Linux platform technology. ...
Debian is a project based around the development of a free, complete operating system based on the work of the GNU Project through the collaboration of volunteers from around the world. ...
McBride began to focus on SCO's copyrights. One of McBride's first acts as CEO was to collect $600,000 in back licensing fees that were owed due to Caldera. He cleaned up various Linux related licensing issues allowing for a new round of financing [3]. Soon thereafter he made strong accusations that Linux had infringed copyrights SCO held on UNIX; they claimed to have purchased these copyrights from Novell. Novell denied selling them UNIX, prompting them to sue for slander of title. SCO also initiated lawsuits against IBM and AutoZone, alleging copyright infringements through the use or distribution of Linux; none of these lawsuits have been resolved. SCO has created a division, SCOSource, that owns and licenses their intellectual property; a desktop license is $199. On March 6, 2003, the SCO Group (formerly known as Caldera Systems) filed a $1 billion lawsuit in the US against IBM for allegedly devaluing its version of the UNIX operating system. ...
Novell was also the name of a road bicycle racing team. ...
In law, slander of title is normally a claim involving Real Estate in which one entity falsely claims to own another entitys property. ...
International Business Machines Corporation (known as IBM or Big Blue; NYSE: IBM) is a multinational computer technology corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, USA. The company is one of the few information technology companies with a continuous history dating back to the 19th century. ...
AutoZone NYSE: AZO is a Fortune 500 corporation based in Memphis, Tennessee which is engaged primarily in the business of the retail sale of automotive parts and accessories. ...
SCOsource is a business division of The SCO Group that manages its Unix intellectual property. ...
References - ^ Microsoft itself has indicated this. In their history of Windows [1] they specifically indicate that prior to Windows for Workgroups Windows–based PCs were not network-aware and were not a meaningful part of the emerging client/server computing evolution.
- ^ http://www.progeny.com/about/board.htm#love
- ^ http://news.com.com/2100-1001-939881.html
- Ransom Love on the SCO merger
- More on finances of the SCO merger
- Darl McBride's early successes in the IP battles
- Ransom Love editorial on the value of the Linux Standard Base
- In addition to the litigation SCO initiated Red Hat has sued SCO
- Dec 1995 review of Caldera Desktop Linux
- A comparative review from seven months later
The Red Hat v. ...
External links - Groklaw has an extended discussion of the Linux ABI
- The Japanese subsidiary of Lineo (United System Engineers) is still alive.
- There is a focus in this article on Caldera vs. other distributions with a particular focus on RedHat. The reader may like to view a timeline for Debian to enhance understanding of what was going on in the broader GNU/Linux community at the times discussed in this article.
- An advertisement / white-paper from March 2001 comparing RedHat to Caldera. This pushes the "product not a distribution" philosophy [5]
- Ralf Flaxa's LST [6] was a major contributor for the original Caldera Desktop [7]
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