 | This article documents a current event.
Information may change rapidly as the event progresses. | The current Caledonia land dispute came to the attention of the general public on February 28, 2006. On that date, protesters from the Six Nations of the Grand River began a demonstration to raise awareness about First Nation land claims in Ontario, Canada, and particularly about their claim to a parcel of land in Caledonia, Ontario, a community within the single-tier municipality of Haldimand County, roughly 20 kilometres southwest of Hamilton. Soon after this demonstration, the demonstrators occupied the disputed land. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Image File history File links 060420_native_protest_gal04. ...
Image File history File links 060420_native_protest_gal04. ...
The term Six Nations can refer to: The six nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, a union of Native American/First Nations tribes. ...
February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Six Nations of the Grand River is the name applied to two contiguous Indian reserves southeast of Brantford, Ontario, Canada – Six Nations reserve no. ...
First Nations is a term of ethnicity used in Canada. ...
Land claims are claims of control over areas of land and included bodies of water. ...
Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages English (French has some legal status but is not fully co-official) Flower White trillium Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation - House seat - Senate seats...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Haldimand is a single-tier municipality (but called a county) on the Niagara Peninsula in southern Ontario, on Lake Erie, and on the Grand River. ...
Motto: Together Aspire - Together Achieve Nickname: Steel City, Steeltown, The Hammer Area: 1,117. ...
The land at the centre of the dispute covers 40 hectares being developed by Henco Industries Ltd. for a subdivision known as the Douglas Creek Estates. It is part of a 385,000-hectare plot of land known as the "Haldimand Tract",[1] which was granted to the Six Nations of the Grand River in 1784. Henco argues that land was surrendered to the Crown in 1841, and later sold to them. The Six Nations, however, maintain that their title to the land was never relinquished. A hectare (symbol ha) is a unit of area, equal to 10,000 square meters, commonly used for measuring land area. ...
The Crown is a term which is used to separate the government authority and property of the state in a kingdom from any personal influence and private assets held by the current Monarch. ...
OPP Crisis Management The Ontario Provincial Police have 24-hour surveillance teams operating near the claim site. Media, agitators, supporters and others who attend the area may be subject to video and audio monitoring by members of the Provincial Emergency Response Team or OPP Negotiations Unit. Surveillance is the monitoring of behavior. ...
An agitator is the mechanism in a top load washing machine that projects from the bottom of the wash basket that creates the wash action by rotating back and forth, rolling garments from the top of the load, down to the bottom, then back up again. ...
Historical background Source: CBC - Caledonia Land Claim Historical Timeline [2]
Haldimand Deed of 1784: The British Crown awarded a tract of land 6 miles from either side of the Grand River, from its source to its termination at Lake Erie. This tract of land is approx. 950,000 acres. The current boundaries of the Six Nations Territory only represents 5% of the original land provided by The Haldimand Deed. The land was a reward to the Six Nations for their loyal military service, and support of the Crown during the American Revolution. Grand River Ontario This article is about the Grand River in Southern Ontario, Canada. ...
Lake Erie, looking southward from a high rural bluff near Leamington, Ontario Lake Erie (pronounced ) is one of the five large freshwater Great Lakes in North America, which are among the largest in the world. ...
The American Revolution was an upheaval that ended British control of middle North America, resulting in the formation of the United States of America in 1776. ...
1792: Lt.-Gov. John Graves Simcoe reduced the size of the land grant to the Six Nations, now totaling 111,000 hectares. John Graves Simcoe (February 25, 1752 – October 26, 1806) was the first lieutenant governor of Upper Canada (modern-day southern Ontario plus the shoreline of Georgian Bay and Lake Superior) from 1791-1796. ...
1796: The Six Nations granted its chief, Joseph Brant, the power of attorney to sell off some of the land and invest the proceeds. The Crown initially opposed the sales but eventually conceded. Joseph Brant, painted in London by leading court painter George Romney in 1776 Thayendanegea or Joseph Brant (sometimes spelled Brandt or Brand) (c. ...
1825: The Crown approached the Six Nations about developing Plank Road (now Highway 6) and the surrounding area. The Six Nations agreed to lease half a mile of land on each side for the road, but did not surrender the land. Lt.-Gov. John Colborne agreed to the lease but his successor, Sir Francis Bond Head, did not. After 1845, despite the protests of the Six Nations, Plank Road and surrounding lands were sold to third parties. Ontario provincial highway 6 is one of the Kings Highways in the province of Ontario, Canada. ...
John Colborne, 1st Baron Seaton (February 16, 1778 - April 17, 1863), British field marshal, was born at Lyndhurst, Hants and entered the 2Oth (Lancashire Fusiliers) in 1794, winning thereafter every step in his regimental promotion without purchase. ...
Sir Francis Bond Head (1 January 1793 – 20 July 1875), known as Galloping Head, was Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada during the Rebellion of 1837. ...
1840: The government recommended that a reserve of 8,000 hectares be established on the south side of the Grand River and the rest sold or leased.
1841: On January 18, according to the Crown, the Six Nations council agreed to surrender for sale all the lands outside those set aside for a reserve, on the agreement the government would sell the land and invest the money for them. However, the related document contained only 6 Chief Signatures and did not identify any specific lands. On February 4, and again on July 7, then again two years later in 1843, the Six Nations petitioned against the surrender, saying they only agreed to lease the land.[3]
1843: A petition to the Crown said Six Nations needed a 22,000-hectare reserve and wanted to keep and lease a tier of lots on each side of Plank Road (Highway 6) and several other tracts of land in the Haldimand area. In 1850 the Crown passed a proclamation setting the extent of reserve lands to about 19,000 hectares, which was agreed to by the Six Nations chiefs.
1848: The land comprising the current development was sold to George Marlot Ryckman for 57 pounds and 10 shillings, a Crown deed was then issued to him.
1924: The Canadian government, under the Indian Act, established an elected government on the reserve through force, overthrowing the traditional government of the Haudenosaunee (Six Nations).
1992: Henco Industries Ltd. purchased 40 hectares of land for what it would later call the Douglas Creek Estates lands.
1995: Six Nations sued the federal and provincial governments over the land. The developer called it "an accounting claim" for "all assets which were not received but ought to have been received, managed or held by the Crown for the benefit of the Six Nations."
2005: The subdivision plan for Douglas Creek Estates was registered with title to the property guaranteed by the province of Ontario.
2006 Dispute February 28: The dispute itself started when a group of members from the nearby Six Nations reserve erected tents, a tipi and a wooden building on 40 hectares of land known as the Douglas Creek Estates. Henco Industries, the developer of the land, obtained an injunction on March 10 ordering the protester off the land, but the protesters stayed beyond a court ordered deadline. Six Nations of the Grand River is the name applied to two contiguous Indian reserves southeast of Brantford, Ontario, Canada – Six Nations reserve no. ...
A tent is a temporary or semipermanent shelter, consisting of sheets of fabric or other material draped over or attached to a frame of poles. ...
Nez Perce tipi A tipi (also teepee, tepee) is a conical tent originally made of skins and popularised by the American Indians of the Great Plains. ...
April 20: The OPP conducted a raid on the protesters, arresting 16 people. But later that morning, the protesters returned to the site in greater numbers. Shortly thereafter, the protesters started a tire fire on Argyle Street, the main road into Caledonia, and also dumped gravel on the road to form a barricade. The Ontario Provincial Police (O.P.P.) is the provincial police force for the province of Ontario, Canada. ...
April 24:
 OPP Emergency Response Team member during April 20 raid at Caledonia. Caledonia residents hold a rally demanding an end to the dispute, with some residents confronting the protesters directly. Image File history File links Police_raid_protest_april_20_06. ...
Image File history File links Police_raid_protest_april_20_06. ...
The Ontario Provincial Police (O.P.P.) is the provincial police force for the province of Ontario, Canada. ...
A man carries a sign at the September 24, 2005 anti-war protest, a demonstration in Washington, D.C. American Civil Rights March on Washington, leaders marching from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial, August 28, 1963. ...
April 25: Mayor Marie Trainer gave an interview to the CBC, where she commented that the residents of the town were being hurt economically by the protest and don't have money coming in automatically every month. The protesters took this as an insult, as it insinuated that they are all recipients of provincial welfare. The municipal council acted quickly to distance itself from the Mayor's comments. Marie Trainer is the mayor of Haldimand County. ...
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), a Canadian crown corporation, is the countrys national radio and television broadcaster. ...
Welfare is financial assistance paid by the government to certain entities or groups of people who are unable to support themselves alone, or are perceived by the government to be able to function more effectively with financial assistance. ...
Wikinews has full news stories of incidents related to the ongoing dispute: April 30: The provincial government appointed former premier David Peterson to help negotiate a settlement in the conflict. Image File history File links Wikinews-logo. ...
Wikinews is a free-content news source and a project of the Wikimedia Foundation. ...
The Honourable David Robert Peterson, PC , LL.B , BA (born December 28, 1943 in Toronto, Ontario) was the twentieth Premier of the Province of Ontario, Canada, from June 26, 1985 to October 1, 1990. ...
May 10: Edward McCarthy of McCarthy & Fowler Barristers and Solicitors called upon the OPP, the Premier of Ontario, the council of Haldimand County, and the Indian Affairs Minister to intervene and restore the rule of law in Caledonia. Dalton McGuinty The Premier of Ontario is the first minister for the Canadian province of Ontario. ...
The Department of Indian and Northern Affairs, also referred to as Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, is the department of the government of Canada with responsibility for policies governing First Nations and Canadas three northern territories. ...
In the Cabinet of Canada, The Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development really heads two different departments. ...
McCarthy cited the Surrender of the 18th of March, 1841 signed by the six Chiefs of the Six Nations indicating that:
- "The Chiefs and Warriors of the Six Nations upon the Grand River in full council assembled at the Onondaga Council House ... have and hereby assent to Her Majesty's Government disposing of the land belonging and formerly reserved upon the Grand River for the Six Nations Indians..." except for "... the farms at present in their present occupation and cultivation, and of 20,000 acres as a further reservation, and that the selection of this reservation be deferred until after a general survey of the tract, when the position most advantageous to the general interests and peculiar wants of the Indians can be more judiciously selected."
- After a survery of the townships of Tuscarora, Oneida, and Seneca the following year, the said chiefs again met in Council on the 18th of December, 1844, wherein they confirmed "the lands to be set apart as territory for the future residence of themselves and their people..." and agreed that those lands be "... on the south side of the River from that which is deeded at Burtch's Landing down to the west side of the Plank road except the tier of lots adjoining the said road..."
This document further declares: - "The nations present declare that due notice to their people was had of the times, place and object of their meeting in Council on the 13th inst. as well as of today and believe this their answer to the Commissioner is the wish of the Six Nations without a dissent."
The document was then signed by 37 Chiefs.
McCarthy then called upon the OPP to "please discharge your duty under Section 42 of The Police Services Act and the provisions of your Agreement with Haldimand County which requires you to provide adequate and effective police services in accordance with the needs of the municipality which you are not, and have not, been doing. Specifically, you are not enforcing or discharging your duties to prevent crimes and other offences. You are not enforcing the provisions of The Trespass to Property Act and The Criminal Code and, in particular, you are not enforcing a valid court order of the Superior Court of Justice." A sign warning against trespassing In law, trespass can be: the criminal act of going into somebody elses land or property without permission of the owner or lessee; it is also a civil law tort that may be a valid cause of action to seek judicial relief and possibly...
The Canadian Criminal Code (formal title An Act respecting the Criminal Law) is the codification of most of the criminal offences and procedure in Canada. ...
In conclusion McCarthy asks:
- "By a copy of this letter to the Premier of Ontario, I am asking the Premier to direct the relevant Minister to, in turn, direct the OPP to discharge it's duty under The Police Services Act and enforce the law in Caledonia. If additional help is required from the RCMP or the army, so be it. Let's get the necessary help and get it forthwith.
- "By a copy of this letter to the Council of Haldimand County, I'm asking Haldimand County to take the necessary steps to enforce their Agreement with the OPP which, under Section 3 thereof, requires the OPP to provide adequate and effective police services in accordance with the needs of the Municipality. This Municipality needs the OPP to bring an end to this activity forthwith.
- "By a copy of this letter to the Federal Minister of Indian Affairs, Jim Prentice, I am asking the federal government to take the necessary steps to assist the Province of Ontario in enforcing the law by declaring a 'Public Order Emergency' under the Emergencies Act (the old War Measures Act), if necessary, in order to get the army to assist the police."
To date no official response from any level of government has been received. (Source: Brantford Expositor) The Emergencies Act is an Act of the Government of Canada to authorize the taking of special temporary measures to ensure safety and security during national emergencies and to amend other Acts in consequence thereof the Parliament of Canada. ...
The War Measures Act (enacted in August 1914, replaced by the Emergencies Act in 1988) was a Canadian statute that allowed the government to assume sweeping emergency powers. ...
The Brantford Expositor is a English language newspaper based in Brantford, Ontario and owned by Osprey Media Group Inc. ...
May 16: Protesters opened one lane of Argyle St. after an accident closed MacKenzie Rd., the main detour route into Caledonia from points South of Town. After the accident was cleared, Argyle St. was closed again, though the protesters had agreed to let emergency vehicles through.[4]
May 17: A second car accident east of Hagersville sent a 46-year-old Caledonia woman to hospital with life-threatening injuries. This accident, along with the accident on May 16, has led the Caledonia Citizens Alliance to call for the immediate removal of the barricades. Jason Clark, a member of the Alliance, told the press that "Enough is enough. People are now getting hurt and those barricades need to come down. Nothing else is acceptable at this point.” (Source: Simcoe Reformer) The Simcoe Reformer is a newspaper circulating in Norfolk County, Ontario and Haldimand County, Ontario, both in Canada. ...
May 22: At 6am EDT, native protesters removed their blockade on Argyle St. Although the native blockade was removed, traffic remained blocked due to the presence of several dozen residents on the road, who were blocking passage to natives.[5]
Later in the morning, the members of the two sides traded shoves, punches and insults before OPP were able to separate the two sides.
Around 2pm natives re-established a physical barricide across Argyle St. and the two sides face each other separated by dozens of OPP officers. Scuffles continued to break out through-out the day, resulting in injuries to natives, residents and police.
Also, at some point during the afternoon, unidentified vandals set fire to a nearby power transmitter that plunged Haldimand into a blackout. Hydro One expects it will take a couple of days to restore power.[6]
- “As the world has seen, our protest has been firm but peaceful. Our people are responding without weapons, using only their bodies to assert that we are a sovereign people with a long history and that we cannot be intimidated,” said Six Nations Confederacy Chief Allen McNaughton, “Justice and reason are on our side.”[7]
A state of emergency was declared late in the evening due to the escalation of violence and the power-outage.[8] A state of emergency is a governmental declaration that may suspend certain normal functions of government, may work to alert citizens to alter their normal behaviors, or may order government agencies to implement emergency preparedness plans. ...
In Saskatchewan, Cree protesters blockaded the Yellowhead Highway near North Battleford in solidarity with the Six Nations protestors in Caledonia. Following negotiations with RCMP, the roadblock was removed after about two hours.[9] Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (Latin: From many peoples, strength) Official languages English Flower Western Red Lily Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Lieutenant-Governor Gordon Barnhart Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Parliamentary representation - House seat - Senate seats 14 6 Area Total - Land - Water (% of total) Ranked 7th 651,036 km² 591...
The Cree are an indigenous people of North America whose people range from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean in both Canada and the United States. ...
The Yellowhead Highway is a major east-west highway connecting the four western Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. ...
North Battleford is a small city in west central Saskatchewan, Canada. ...
The term Six Nations can refer to: The six nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, a union of Native American/First Nations tribes. ...
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP or Mounties; French, Gendarmerie royale du Canada, GRC) is both the federal police force and the national police of Canada. ...
May 23: By 2pm EDT, the barricade across Argyle St. was again removed by natives and workers could be observed filling in the trench that was dug across the road the previous day. By 3:30 pm EDT the road was fully open to traffic. About 4000 customers are still without power.[10]
May 24: After Hydro One crews worked throughout the night, power was restored to Caledonia during the morning hours.[11] Hydro One Incorporated delivers electricity across the Canadian province of Ontario. ...
June 5: Six Nations protesters and Caledonia residents clashed on the town's main street after a police cruiser drove through an area protesters considered "restricted".[12] The term Six Nations can refer to: The six nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, a union of Native American/First Nations tribes. ...
June 9: Two CH News camera operators were surrounded by Six Nations' protestors and assulted when they refused to hand over video tape containing footage of an altercation between natives and two non-natives in a parking lot adjacent to the Douglas Creek site. One camera operator was taken to a nearby hospital for a head injury after his video tape was stolen.[13] Caledonia residents say the OPP did not assist the camera operators, substantiated by the camera operators themselves, and shaky amateur video footage. Although the Hamilton Spectator reports that Lynda Powless, publisher of the Turtle Island News has produced photos which show OPP officers intervening.[14] CHCH is a television station in Hamilton, Ontario that is part of the CH system. ...
February 1st 2006 Turtle Island News Turtle Island News is a weekly community newspaper, published in Ohsweken, Ontario, Canada. ...
Following the altercation in the parking lot, more than 300 Caledonia residents gathered at the Canadian Tire lot before moving to a near by school yard adjacent to the construction site, where some clashed with OPP officers in full riot gear.[15] French mobile gendarmes doing riot control. ...
During the evening, a Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives vehicle, with agents reportedly observing the OPP's management of the crisis, was swarmed by protesters. The occupants were removed from the vehicle, which was then driven at an OPP officer. The OPP officer was injured during the incident.[16] Protesters seized sensitive OPP documents from the vehicle, which included identities of undercover officers and information from confidential informants. The documents were later returned, but not before they were photocopied and distributed to the media. The Ontario government has asked Six Nations that all photocopies be handed back. The vehicle was returned. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF or BATF or BATFE) is a federal agency within the United States Department of Justice. ...
Arrest warrants have been issued for Albert Douglas, 30, Skylar Williams, 22, Arnold Douglas, 61, and Ken Hill, 47, all of Ohsweken, Audra Ann Taillefer, 45, of Victoria, B.C., and Trevor Miller, 30, who face a total of 14 charges including attempted murder, assaulting a police officer, forceable confinement, theft of a motor vehicle, dangerous driving, assault and intimidation.[17] Ohsweken is a village on the Six Nations of the Grand River Indian reserve near Brantford, Ontario, Canada. ...
June 12: Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty calls off negotiations with aboriginals protesting at the Caledonia site, saying that public safety has been compromised by Friday's violence. He says the province will only return to the table when the barricades come down and native leaders assist police in finding seven suspects in connection with earlier incidents. Aboriginal protesters respond by removing one of the blockades, and negotiations resume on June 15th.
June 16: The Ontario provincial government announced that it had bought the disputed site from Henco Industries, the company which had sought to develop the land. It simultaneously announced $1 million in additional compensation for businesses in the Caledonia area adversely affected by the protest.[18] The fate of the land, now in provincial hands, is currently unclear.
Also, Audra Ann Taillefer, 45, of Victoria, B.C. was taken into custody on charges of robbery and intimidation, stemming from the June 9th incident involving a Simcoe couple.[19]
June 20: Native protesters start an unofficial archeological dig on the site. This prompts some residents to erroneously claim that the protesters are tapping into Caledonia's water supply, a supply that comes from Hamilton, a city in the other direction.
Rumours spread that the natives are building bunkers, digging trenches and discharging firearms. Natives explain that the bunkers are no more than a house they have occupied being renovated, that the trenches are part of the archeological dig, and that the gunshots are merely fireworks.
July 11: Native protesters remove the concrete blocks and the hydro tower which have been blocking the main entrance into the disputed area. They say they have nothing to hide.
August 7: Native protestors and non-natives began throwing rocks and golf balls while shouting insults at each other. Aprroximatley 100 people participated in the violent event which lasted nearly 3 hours. OPP spokesman Const. Dennis Harwood commented to The National Post "There was some property damage, but no injuries were sustained."[20] The National Post is a large Canadian English language national newspaper based in Toronto. ...
According to the Canadian Press, Harwood stated that the "altercation was sparked by minor incidents on Sunday, beginning when Six Nations children cut the middle out of a Canada flag."
"They were taunting at the Caledonia residents, then the Caledonia residents put up some signs," said Harwood." Mayor Marie Trainer stated that the residents' anger had started earlier, when the natives had been throwing rocks at the home of an 89-year old resident.[21]
August 8: At a hearing in a Cayuga courtroom, Superior Court Justice David Marshall ordered the Ontario provincial government to break off negotiations with the Six Nations community until the Protesters have left the disputed land. Six Nations protesters indicated that they had no intention of leaving. [22]
August 11: The Government of Ontario announces that it is appealing Superior Court Justice David Marshall's ruling to break off negotiations to the Court of Appeal for Ontario. The Government will first seek a stay of Justice Marshall's Order, so that negotiations may resume while the appeal is being prepared. A court date of August 22, 2006 has been set in the Ontario Court of Appeal, where a 3 member panel will decide whether or not to grant a say. [23] The Ontario Court of Appeal is headquarted in downtown Toronto, in historic Osgoode Hall. ...
August 14: Natives set up an information booth on government property in Brantford, Ontario. The government stated that they weren't using the land anyway. They do not want this situation to escalate into one like in Caledonia, so they have no intensions of asking the natives to leave.
See also
First Nations in Ontario constitute many nations. ...
The Iroquois Confederacy (Haudenosaunee, also known as the League of Peace and Power, Five Nations, or Six Nations) is a group of First Nations/Native Americans. ...
The following is a list of First Nations peoples organized by Indigenous geographic area. ...
The Assembly of First Nations (AFN) is a body of Aboriginal leaders in Canada. ...
The Indian Register is the official record of Status Indians or Registered Indians in Canada. ...
The Indian Act of Canada (1876) (full title An Act respecting Indians) is an Act which establishes the rights of registered Indians and of their bands. ...
Pte. ...
The Burnt Church Crisis was a conflict between the Mikmaq people of the Burnt Church First Nation and non-Aboriginal New Brunswick fisheries, from 1999 to 2001. ...
The Gustafsen Lake Standoff was an Indigenous land dispute involving the Secwepemc Nation which began on June 15, 1995, and lasted until September 17, 1995. ...
References - ↑ Map of the 1784 Haldimand Tract, reclamationinfo.com
- ↑ Historical timeline of the Caledonia land claim, CBC News
- ↑ Caledonia blockaders open one lane for traffic, CBC News, 16 May 2006
- ↑ Tensions flare as Caledonia standoff continues, CBC News, 23 May 2006
- ↑ Caledonia barricades go back up, Globe and Mail, 22 May 2006
- ↑ Natives lift blockade of Caledonia roadway, CTV News, 22 May 2006
- ↑ Tempers flare between protesters and area residents in Caledonia, Ont., Canada.com, 5 June 2006
- ↑ Natives photographed OPP moving in to help cameramen, Hamilton Spectator, 12 June 2006
- ↑ Angry residents clash with OPP, Hamilton Spectator, 10 June 2006
- ↑ U.S. agents swarmed in Caledonia dispute: police, CTV News, 11 June 2006
- ↑ Attempted murder in Caledonia warrants, Toronto Star, 12 June 2006
- ↑ Ontario buys site of disputed Caledonia claim, CBC News, 16 June 2006
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