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Santiago de Cali, better known as Cali, is the main city and capital of the Valle del Cauca department in Colombia. With an estimated total population (as of 2004) of almost 2.4 million [1] Cali is second largest city in the country. The adjective for the people born in Cali is Caleño. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1940x1036, 1298 KB) Summary SAntiago de Cali from Cristo Rey. ...
Image File history File links Cali-flag. ...
Image File history File links Escudo-cali. ...
A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ...
A nickname is a short, clever, cute, derogatory, or otherwise substitute name for a person or things real name (for example, Tom is short for Thomas). ...
Image File history File links Cali-in-valle. ...
Valle del Cauca is a department of Colombia. ...
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Density (symbol: Ï - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per unit of volume. ...
Time zones are areas of the Earth that have adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ...
Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time or Z, is an atomic realization of Universal Time (UT) or Greenwich Mean Time, the astronomical basis for civil time. ...
Valle del Cauca is a department of Colombia. ...
The name Santiago de Cali comes in one part to honour Saint James the apostle (Santiago in Spanish) whose feast day is celebrated on july 25th. About the word Cali there are several opinons about its possible origin. Some attribute it to a mispronunciation of the word "Lili", the name of a local tribe. Others believe that the word "Cali" has quechua origin, and it was brought by the Yanaconas Indians that came from Quito serving Belalcázar. This theory is reinforced from the fact that near Quito there is an indigenous town named Cali Cali. Saint James can refer to the following: Several men mentioned in the New Testament, whose various epithets and euphemisms cause some uncertainties: James, son of Zebedee, an apostle, brother of John the Apostle; also called Saint James the Great. ...
July 25 is the 206th day (207th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 159 days remaining. ...
Quechua (Standard Quechua, Runasimi Language of People) is an Native American language of South America. ...
Geography and climate
Cali is located on the Cauca Valley between the west coast of the Cauca River and the east slope of the Western Mountain Range near the mountains known as Farallones de Cali. The city is relatively flat with an average elevation of 1000 meters over the sea level (3280 ft). About 100 km west of Cali is the port city of Buenaventura on the Colombian Pacific coast; to the northeast are the industrial city of Yumbo and the international airport Alfonso Bonilla Aragón (CLO) in Palmira; about two hours drive to the south it is found the colonial city of Popayán in the Cauca department. Popayán is the capital of the Colombian Department of Cauca, with a population of about 215,000 people. ...
Several rivers descending from the Western Mountain Range into the Cauca River pass through the metropolitan area of Cali. In the western side of the city, the Aguacatal River flows into the Cali River, which continues to the Cauca River. In the south the rivers Cañaveralejo, Lilí, and Meléndez flow into the CVC south channel which ends into the Cauca River. Farther south the bed of Pance River is a popular place for recreation and leisure.
The local climate is equatorial with the Western Mountain Range screening the flow of humid air from the Pacific coast; in the afternoons a fresh breeze crosses the city from west to east. The Western Mountain Range goes from 2,000 meters average altitude on the north of the city to 4,000 on the south, this makes the weather in the northwest of the city less rainy than in the southwest. The average annual precipitation goes from 900 mm in the driest zones to 1,800 mm in the rainiest ones with an average of 1,000 mm over most of the metropolitan area. The average temperature is 24°C (74°F) with an average lowest of 19°C and a highest average of 30°C
History
Precolumbian and conquest Before the arrival of the spaniards the actual region of Cali was inhabited by many indigenous tribes, mostly of the Caribe family. On the region between the Cauca River and the Western Cordillera, the Gorrones were established between the actual Roldanillo and Cali; the biggest Morron's town was settled on the River Pescador near the actual towns of Zarzal and Bugalagrande. Although canibals, the Morrones had trade with the Quimbayas who inhabited the north of the Valle del Cauca.
On his way to Cali Belalcázar first met the Timbas which ran away before the arrival of the Conqueror's men leaving behind their townes and gold. After the Timbas, on their way North, the Spaniards entered in the territory of the cacique Jamundí and his tribe the Jamundíes between the rivers Pance and Jamundi. These Indians endure a strong resitance to the inviders, fighting with poisonous darts and arrows against the arquebuses and swords of the spaniards. After taking Jamundíes' town the spaniards looted the Indian's gold.
Before taking complete control over the region the spaniards had to defeat the cacique Petecuy, whose tribe inhabited between the river Lilí and the Western Cordillera. Petecuy formed a big army formed by many tribes and fought the spaniards on the holy Tuesday 1536.
The Morrones gave up easily to the Spaniards and were divided in Encomiendas. The already "mestizo" nature of the spaniards made easy the process of mixing with the Amerindians, in fact, Belalcázar himself had several children born in the Americas from Indian mothers, as well as his men. Mestizo (Portuguese, Mestiço; French, Métis: from Late Latin mixticius, from Latin mixtus, past participle of miscere, to mix) is a term of Spanish origin used to designate the people of mixed European and indigenous non-European ancestry. ...
Founding and colonial period
 Statue of Sebastián de Belalcázar. The founder of Cali, Sebastián de Belalcázar, came to the American continent in the third voyage Columbus in 1498. In 1532, after serving in Darién and Nicaragua he joined Francisco Pizarro in the conquest of Perú. In 1534 Belalcázar separated from Pizarro's expedition to found the city of Quito, and later in his search of El Dorado he entered the actual Colombian territory founding the cities of Pasto and Popayán. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2288x1712, 566 KB) Summary Statue of Sebastian de Belalcazar, the citys founder. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2288x1712, 566 KB) Summary Statue of Sebastian de Belalcazar, the citys founder. ...
Sebastián de Belalcázar was a Spanish conquistador. ...
Darien is the name of several places in the United States of America: Darien, Connecticut Darien, Georgia Darien, Illinois - a suburb of Chicago Darien, New York Darien, Wisconsin Darien (town), Wisconsin Darién can also refer to places in Panama: Darién Province The town of Darién, founded by...
Francisco Pizarro ( 1475–June 26, 1541) was a Spanish conquistador, conqueror of the Inca Empire and founder of the city of Lima, the modern-day capital of Peru. ...
- Peru (Spanish: República del Perú) is a country in western South America, bordering Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the east, south-east and south, Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. ...
Map of Ecuador showing location of Quito. ...
El Dorado (sometimes spelled Eldorado) is a mythical city of gold (sometimes called the Lost City of Gold) which was thought to be located somewhere in the Americas, more specifically South America. ...
Pasto is the capital of the department of Nariño, located in southwest Colombia. ...
Popayán is the capital of the Colombian Department of Cauca, with a population of about 215,000 people. ...
On July 25th 1536 Belalcázar founded Santiago de Cali, first established a few miles north of the present location, near the actual towns of Vijes and Riofrio. Under the orders of Belalcázar the captain Miguel Muñoz moved the city to its present location in 1537, where the chaplain Brother Santos de Añasco celebrate a mass in the place today occupied by the Church La Merced, and Belalcázar designated Pedro de Ayala as the first municipal authority. July 25 is the 206th day (207th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 159 days remaining. ...
Events February 2 - Spaniard Pedro de Mendoza founds Buenos Aires, Argentina. ...
Events January 6 - Alessandro de Medici assassinated August 25 - The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, was formed. ...
During the Colonia Santiago de Cali was part of the gobernación of Popayán, which was part of Quito's Audiencia. Although initially Cali was the capital of the Popayán's Gobernación in 1540 Belalcázar moved this function to Popayán due to the better weather. Popayán is the capital of the Colombian Department of Cauca, with a population of about 215,000 people. ...
Map of Ecuador showing location of Quito. ...
Until the 18th century most of the territory of the actual Cali was occupied by haciendas (ranchs), and the city was only a small town near the rio Cali. In 1793 Cali had 6548 inhabitants, 1106 of them were slaves. The haciendas were property of the dominant noble class, with many slaves dedicated mostly to stockbreeding and sugar cane crops. Many of these haciendas became neighborhoods of the present city like Cañaveralejo, Chipichape, Pasoancho, Arroyohondo, Cañasgordas, Limonar, and Meléndez.
Cali was in a strategical position for trade, central to the mining regions of Antioquia, Chocó, and Popayán. In the colonial period was completed the first trail for mules and horses between Cali and Buenaventura. Motto: Capital MedellÃn Governor Area 63,612 km² Population - Total (2003) - Density 5,750,478 90 people/km² Adjective antioqueño Antioquia was one of the states in the original United States of Colombia, and is now a department in the northwest part of the Republic of Colombia. ...
Motto: Capital Quibdó Governor Area 46,530 km² Population - Total (2003) - Density 413,173 8,9 people/km² Adjective chocoano Chocó is a department of Colombia. ...
Popayán is the capital of the Colombian Department of Cauca, with a population of about 215,000 people. ...
Buenaventura is the name of Spanish anarchist Buenaventura Durruti who was a hero of the Spanish Civil War an indipendent cultural center in Veneto, Italy: see Oficina di Buenaventura, Castelfranco Veneto a town in Chihuahua, Mexico: see Buenaventura, Chihuahua a town in Colombia: see Buenaventura, Colombia the Buenaventura River in...
Independence On July 3rd 1810 Santiago de Cali proclaimed its independence from Popayán's Gobernación. This local uprising predates the one in Bogota by 17 days. Soon the independentist look for allies forming the "Ciudades Confederadas del Valle del Cauca" with Anserma, Cartago, Toro, Buga y Caloto. Immediately after the rebelion the Governor of Popayán, Miguel Tacón y Rosique, organized an army to control the uprising. The people from Cali called for help to the "Junta Suprema" in Bogota which sent a contingent under the colonel Antonio Baraya to support the independence cause. On the 28th March 1811 in the battle of Bajo Palacé the Army of Baraya with the help of Atanacio Girardot defeated the royalist army. July 3rd is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 181 days remaining. ...
1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...
(Redirected from 28th March) March 28 is the 87th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (88th in Leap years). ...
In the following years there were many battles between royalists and independentists. Finally the king Fernando VII of Spain sent a huge army under the command of the Pacificador (peacemaker) Pablo Morillo who took up again the power for Spain. Ferdinand VII (October 14, 1784 - September 29, 1833) was King of Spain from 1813 to 1833. ...
In 1919 after Simón Bolivar defeated the bulk of the Spaniard army in the Batalla de Boyacá, there were new upraisings in the Valle del Cauca and the Criollos took control definitively. In 1822 Bolivar arrived in Cali, the city was an important military outpost and the region contributed with many men in Bolivar's battles to liberate the nations in the south. Simón BolÃvar Simón José Antonio de la SantÃsima Trinidad BolÃvar y Palacios (July 24, 1783 – December 17, 1830) was a South American revolutionary leader. ...
Recent history Until the beginning of the 20th century Cali was a small village, compared to other colombian cities, depending of Popayán political and economically. The consolidation of the railroad between the city and the Pacific Ocean in Buenaventura, and the growing trade between this port and the interior cities, transformed Cali from a small town to the most important city in the south and west of the country. Popayán is the capital of the Colombian Department of Cauca, with a population of about 215,000 people. ...
Buenaventura is the name of Spanish anarchist Buenaventura Durruti who was a hero of the Spanish Civil War an indipendent cultural center in Veneto, Italy: see Oficina di Buenaventura, Castelfranco Veneto a town in Chihuahua, Mexico: see Buenaventura, Chihuahua a town in Colombia: see Buenaventura, Colombia the Buenaventura River in...
In 1911, with 28,000 inhabitants, Cali became the capital of the new Department of Valle del Cauca, which was created in the north part of the old Cauca Department. The whole region was by now largely cultivated, and its future as an agricultural provider seemed secure. There were however no real roads connecting this region to the rest of Colombia, so that until the main road to Bogota was built in the 1930's, all travel and transportaion was done on horse and mule. The road over the Western Cordillera to the Pacific Ocean was completed only until 1945.
By the early 1950's Cali (now with 240,000 inhabitants) had embarked on an industrialization plan, fueled mainly by foreign capital. The rural areas surrounding the city were cultivated with sugar cane and many "ingenios", or industrial plants for the extraction of sugar from cane, brought prosperity to the region. Since then, a growing network of roads and the advent of air transport has finally ended the isolation of Cali and the Valle from the rest of Colombia and the world.
On August 7, 1956, about 1,100 were reported killed when seven army ammunition trucks, which had been badly parked right in town, exploded. This catastrophe however could have been worse, since these trucks were parked in the Plaza de Cayzedo right in the city's very populated downtown.
In 1971, Cali hosted the Pan-American Games, an event which spurred its citizens to rebuild and improve many urban areas, avenues, and sporting venues. From this time many of the sports centers and arenas in the city were built. The Pan American Games are a multi-sport event, held every four years between competitors from all nations of the Americas. ...
During the 1970's to 1990's the Cali Cartel had a negative influence in the City. The war of this organization against the Medellín Cartel brought selective violence and terrorist attacks to the streets of Cali. The Cali Cartel (Spanish: Cartel de Cali) is a drug cartel based in the south part of Colombia, around the city of Cali. ...
The MedellÃn Cartel was a well-organized but very loose network of drug smugglers originating in the city of MedellÃn in Colombia and operating through the 1970s and 1980s. ...
In our days Cali is a sprawling city of over 2 million inhabitants, many of them recent immigrants from poor rural areas, who have created squalid slums on the outskirts while they absorb the skills needed to prosper in an urban setting, while the local government and its citizenry struggle to help them integrate. Like Medellin though, delinquent drug-related violence is responsible for far more homicides in the city than drug cartel activity.
Transportation Only until 2005 began the construction of a massive transportion system in Cali, named MIO (Masivo Integrado de Occidente) this system is highly needed to organize the transport in the City. At present people commute in the city using an intrincated and disorganized network of buses with many routes and names.
According to the authorities the city has an over-offer of buses and taxis which brings traffic problems in the critical hours. The situation could get worse since some transporters plan to introduce even more cabs and buses in the city.
Education The main institution is the Universidad del Valle (Valle State University), or Univalle, which was founded in 1945; with more than 20,000 students distributed in its schools and departments Univalle is the only institution offering a wide variety of academic programs in the region. The Universidad Santiago de Cali is another academic center with a considerable number of schools and departments. Other universities, offering only few academic programs are Universidad Autonoma, Universidad Javeriana, Universidad ICESI, Universidad Libre, and Universidad San Buenaventura. Universidad del Valle, Cali campus The Universidad del Valle is the main academic institution in the southwest of Colombia. ...
Universidad del Valle, Cali campus The Universidad del Valle is the main academic institution in the southwest of Colombia. ...
Cultural activities
Feria de Cali "La Feria de Cali" is the main cultural event in the city. From December 25th to January 5th people enjoy of many activities like an opening cabalgata, tascas, salsa concerts, bullfightings, paredes, and athletic activities and competitions.
Cali is also known as the "Capital de la Salsa" given the city's infatuation with that type of Afro-Caribbean music. In early July there is the Summer Salsa Festival which lasts for one week. It usually includes concerts by the world's great remaining salsa bands as well as dance shows and "melomano" competitions in which salsa connaisseurs try to out do each other by digging deep into the archives of salsa music and related sounds to find and reveal long lost tunes.
Rio Cali race
Sports Cali's best known and most popular sports clubs are América de Cali and Deportivo Cali. Corporación Deportiva América, commonly known as América de Cali, is a Colombian football team, based in Cali. ...
Asociación Deportivo Cali is a Colombian football (soccer) team, based in Cali. ...
Places of interest - Plaza de Cayzedo: The main square in the city in downtown.
- La Ermita: Gothic-style church located in the downtown area and a well-known tourist destination.
- La Tertulia: Museum of modern art.
- Museo Arqueológico La Merced: Colonial-type church, converted into an archaeological museum displaying items from ancient cultures which inhabited the region in pre-Columbian times.
- Torre Mudéjar: This tower and the little church that it is part of are the best preserved genuine sample in South America of the moorish-influenced architecture brought from Spain before the XVII century. It is part of the Franciscan complex in downtown Cali,
- Museo del Oro del Banco de la República: Museum containing archaeological exhibits of pre-Columbian cultures which existed in the region.
- Zoo of Cali: [2]
- Cerro de las tres cruces: A hill embellished with three big crosses from which the whole city is visible.
- Iglesia de San Antonio: Colonial-type church at the top of a hill.
- Cerro de Cristo Rey: Another hill embellished with a large statue of Jesus Christ.
- Canchas Panamericanas: Sports Complex that includes the Pascual Guerrero stadium, Evangelista Mora Gym, many sporting fields, pools and so forth. Is also widely known for a common iced drink (Cholado) sold here.
- Pance: Extended rural zone at the south of the city frequently visited for leisure purposes, surrounded by plentiful vegetation and irrigated by the Pance river.
- El Topacio: for camping in contact with nature, a good hiking to Pico de Loro, and beautiful waterfalls.
- Parque Natural Los Farallones: with a top altitude of 4,000 meters is an outdoors activity for the more expirienced hikers. The view of the city, the Central cordillera, the Choco jungle, and the Pacific Ocean is amazing.
- Paramo de las hermosas: enjoy of this unique andean landscape, full of frailejón and small lakes.
- La Novena: A main street with many restaurants and fast-food places selling hamburgers, hot-dogs, chorizos, etc. It is located at the south and it's the Caleño's preferred street to visit after the big parties in Juanchito, at 3 A.M.
The term Pre-Columbian is used to refer to the cultures of the New World in the era before significant European influence. ...
The Order of Friars Minor and other Franciscan movements are disciples of Saint Francis of Assisi. ...
The stadium in Cali where the football teams were housed, Deportivo Cali and America de Cali. ...
The Cholado is like a cold drink, it could be made from crushed ice and mixed with artificial flavors which give color to it, like orange , red or purple, and at the top have a small amount of sweetened milk. ...
External links Travel guide to Santiago de Cali from Wikitravel |
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