The Mescalbean, Mescal Bean or Frijolito (Calia) is a genus of three or four species of shrubs or small trees in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae. The genus is native to southwestern North America from western Texas to New Mexico and Arizona in the United States, and south through Chihuahua, Coahuila and Nuevo León in northern Mexico. A willow shrub A shrub or bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 6 m tall. ... The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth A tree can be defined as a large, perennial, woody plant. ... Genera Abrus Acosmium Adenocarpus Adenodolichos Adesmia Aenictophyton Aeschynomene Afgekia Aganope Airyantha Aldina Alexa Alhagi Alistilus Almaleea Alysicarpus Amburana Amicia Ammodendron Ammopiptanthus Amorpha Amphicarpaea Amphimas Amphithalea Anagyris Anarthrophyllum Andira Angylocalyx Antheroporum Anthyllis Antopetitia Aotus Aphyllodium Apios Apoplanesia Apurimacia Arachis Argyrocytisus Argyrolobium Arthroclianthus Aspalathus Astracantha Astragalus Ateleia Austrodolichos Austrosteenisia Baphia Baphiopsis Baptisia... Subfamilies Faboideae Caesalpinioideae Mimosoideae References GRIN-CA 2002-09-01 The Family Fabaceae (also as Family Leguminosae) is a grouping of plants in the Order Fabales, and one of the largest families of flowering plants with 650 genera and over 18,000 species. ... World map showing location of North America A satellite composite image of North America North America is the third largest continent in area and in population after Eurasia and Africa. ... State nickname: Lone Star State Other U.S. States Capital Austin Largest city Houston Governor Rick Perry Official languages None. ... State nickname: Land of Enchantment Other U.S. States Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Governor Bill Richardson Official languages English and Spanish Area 315,194 km² (5th)  - Land 314,590 km²  - Water 607 km² (0. ... State nickname: The Grand Canyon State, The Copper State Other U.S. States Capital Phoenix Largest city Phoenix Governor Janet Napolitano Official languages English Only State Area 295,254 km² (6th)  - Land 294,312 km²  - Water 942 km² (0. ... This article is about the state in Mexico; for the city of Chihuahua, see: Chihuahua. ... Anthem State Anthem of Coahuila Capital Saltillo Other major cities Torreón Piedras Negras list of municipalities Area 149,982 km² Ranked 3rd Population (2000 census) 2,295,800 Ranked 17th Governor (1999-2005) Enrique Martínez y Martínez (PRI) Federal Deputies (7) PRI = 6 pending = 1 Federal Senators PAN = 2 PRI... Other Mexican States Capital Monterrey Other major cities list of municipalities Area 64,924 km² Ranked 13th Population (2000 census) 3,826,240 Ranked 9th Governor (2003-09) José Natividad González Parás (PRI/PVEM) Federal Deputies (11) PRI/PVEM = 10 PAN = 1 Federal Senators PAN = 2 PRI = 1 ISO 3166...

Although still commonly treated in the genus Sophora, recent genetic evidence has shown that the mescalbeans are only distantly related to the other species of Sophora. Species Including: Sophora affinis Sophora alopecuroides - Sophora Root Sophora arizonica Sophora gyposophila - Guadalupe Mescalbean Sophora microphylla - Kowhai Sophora secundiflora - Mescalbean Sophora tetraptera - Kowhai Sophora toromiro - Toromiro Sophora is a genus of small trees and shrubs in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae. ... Genetics (from the Greek genno γεννώ= give birth) is the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms. ...

Species

• Calia arizonica (S. Watson) Yakovlev - Arizona Mescalbean (syn. Sophora arizonica). Arizona, Chihuahua.
  • Calia arizonica subsp. formosa (Kearney & Peebles) Yakovlev (syn. Calia formosa, Sophora arizonica subsp. formosa, Sophora formosa). Arizona.
• Calia gypsophila - Guadalupe Mescalbean (syn. Sophora gypsophila). Southern New Mexico, west Texas, Coahuila; endangered.
• Calia secundiflora (Ortega) Yakovlev - Texas Mescalbean (syn. Sophora secundiflora). Texas, New Mexico, Coahuila, Nuevo León.

Seed pods

Mescalbeans grow to 1-11 m tall, with a trunk up to 20 cm diameter, often growing in dense thickets reproducing from root sprouts. The leaves are evergreen, leathery, 6-15 cm long, pinnate with 5-11 oval leaflets, 2-5 cm long and 1-3 cm broad. The flowers, produced in spring, are fragrant, purple, typical pea-flower in shape, borne in erect or spreading racemes 4-10 cm long. The fruit is a hard, woody legume 2-15 cm long, containing 1-6 oval bright red seeds 1-1.5 cm long and 1 cm diameter. In scientific classification, synonymy is the existence of multiple systematic names to label the same organism. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... For other meanings of root, see Root (disambiguation). ... In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis. ... A Silver Fir shoot showing three successive years of retained leaves In botany, an evergreen plant is a plant which retains its leaves year-round, with each leaf persisting for more than 12 months. ... Wildflowers A flower is the reproductive organ of those plants classified as angiosperms (flowering plants; Division Magnoliophyta). ... This inflorescence of the terrestrial orchid Spathoglottis plicata is a typical raceme. ... Fruit stall in Barcelona, Spain. ... Varieties of soybean seeds, a popular legume The term legume has two closely related meanings in botany, a situation encountered with many botanical common names of useful plants whereby an applied name can refer to either the plant itself, or to the edible fruit (or useful part). ... A SeeD is a term given to mercenaries trained and employed by Balamb Garden in the Final Fantasy VIII video game. ...

All parts of the mescalbeans are very poisonous, containing the alkaloid cytisine (not mescaline, as suggested by the name). The seeds or other parts of the plant have been reported to have been used as a hallucinogen by some Native American people, but this is uncertain, due to confusion over names. The symptoms of cytisine poisoning are very unpleasant, including nausea and seizures; as little as one seed can be fatal. The skull and crossbones symbol traditionally used to label a poisonous substance. ... An alkaloid is a nitrogenous organic molecule that has a pharmacological effect on humans and other animals. ... Mescaline or 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and entheogen of the phenethylamine family. ... Hallucinogenic drug - drugs that can alter sensory perceptions. ... Native Americans (also Indians, Aboriginal Peoples, American Indians, First Nations, Alaskan Natives, Amerindians, or Indigenous Peoples of America) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization, and their modern descendants. ... Nausea (Greek Ναυτεία) is the sensation of unease and discomfort in the stomach with an urge to vomit. ... This article is about the medical condition. ...

Mescalbeans are sometimes mistakenly called "Mountain-laurel", a name that properly refers to the very dissimilar and unrelated genus Kalmia (family Ericaceae). Species See text Kalmia is a genus of about 7 species of evergreen shrubs from 0. ... Genera See text The plant Family Ericaceae (Heath Family) or ericaceous plants are mostly lime-hating or calcifuge plants that thrive in acid soils. ...

References

• The relationship of Sophora sect. Edwardsia (Fabaceae) to Sophora tomentosa, the type species of the genus Sophora, observed from DNA sequence data and morphological characters. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 146: 439-446 (2004). Available online (http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00348.x).