California v. Greenwood, 486 U.S. 35 (1988)^[1], was United States Supreme Court legal case to decide if searching a person's garbage, without a warrant, violated the Fourth Amendment, and the Fourth Amendment's search and seizure guarantee. // Case citation is the system used in common law countries such as the United States, England and Wales, Canada, New Zealand Australia and India to uniquely identify the location of past court cases in special series of books called reporters. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C., (large image) The Supreme Court of the United States, located in Washington, D.C., is the highest court (see supreme court) in the United States; that is, it has ultimate judicial authority within the United States... A legal case is a dispute between opposing parties resolved by a court, or by some equivalent legal process. ... Searching is the act of trying to find something or someone. ... Person, in the classic sense, refers to a living human being. ... Garbage is an international rock group formed in Madison, Wisconsin in 1993. ... Warrant has several meanings: In law, a warrant is a form of authorization, such as A writ issued by a judge. ... Amendment IV (the Fourth Amendment) of the United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, guards against unreasonable searches and seizures. ...

Proceedings:

In 1984, Investigator Jenny Stracner of the Laguna Beach Police Department received information that Billy Greenwood, and another resident of his single-family household Dyanne Van Houten, were trafficking (or dealing) in illegal narcotics (drugs). An anonymous Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) informant told the DEA, in February of 1984, that a truck load of illegal drugs was on its way to Greenwood's home in Laguna Beach, California. The Laguna Beach PD had also had complaints from neighbors about late night traffic to the Greenwood residence. Vehicles would arrive, only stay a few minutes, and then leave at all hours of the day and night. Investigator Stracner's surveillance confirmed this activity. 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A detective is an officer of the police who performs criminal or administrative investigations, in some police departments, the lowest rank among such investigators (above the lowest rank of officers and below sergeants), a civilian licensed to investigate information not readily available in public records (a private investigator, also called... Trafficking is a term to describe a transnational illegal activity, involving transporting, usually smuggling drugs, transporting small arms or people. ... Illegal, or unlawful, is either prohibitted or not authorized by law. ... The term narcotic, derived from the Greek word for stupor, originally referred to a variety of substances that induced sleep (such state is narcosis). ... A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is a chemical that alters brain function, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood, consciousness, or behaviour. ... Since 1973, the DEA has enforced the drug laws in the United States. ... An Informant is someone who provides information to law enforcement agencies. ... Look up February in Wiktionary, the free dictionary February is the second month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Nickname: {{{nickname}}} Motto: {{{motto}}} Official website: http://www. ...

On April 6, 1984, Stracner had the garbage collector for that neighborhood bring her the trash from the Greenwood residence. The refuse worker cleaned out his truck prior to collecting Greenwood's trash, then brought it to Stracner. She found drug paraphernalia in the discarded waste, and then applied for a search warrant. Based on the rubbish content and the subsequent evidence found, cocaine and hashish in quantity, during the search, Greenwood and Van Houten were arrested and posted bail. April 6 is the 96th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (97th in leap years). ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... A search warrant is a written warrant issued by a judge which authorizes the police to conduct a search of a person or location for evidence of a criminal offense. ... The law of evidence governs the use of testimony (eg. ... This article is about the drug Cocaine. ... Confiscated hashish from the United States Drug Enforcement Administration. ...

Laguna Beach PD Investigator Robert Rahaeuser repeated the garbage procedure on May 4, 1984, once again the trash contained evidence of narcotics, and after a search warrant and search of the house, additional evidence was recovered, and Greenwood was arrested again. May 4 is the 124th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (125th in leap years). ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The California Superior Court dismissed the charges of both arrests based on the fact that the garbage was searched without a warrant, in violation of both the California Constitution and the Fourth Amendment.

The California Court of Appeal affirmed the earlier decision (182 Cal. App. 3d 729, 227 Cal. Rptr. 539 [1986]). Court of Appeals is the title of certain appellate courts in various jurisdictions. ... Affirmed, a chestnut colt born February 21, 1975, at Harbor View Farm, Ocala, Florida – died January 12, 2001 at Jonabell Farm in Lexington, Kentucky, was an American thoroughbred race horse that won the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing in 1978, only the 11th horse to accomplish the feat. ...

The California Supreme Court denied a petition for review of the Court of Appeal's decision. The Supreme Court of California is the state supreme court in California. ...

Supreme Court case

Events:

• Argued - January 11, 1988
• Decided - May 16, 1988

On May 16, 1988, using the test set in Katz v. United States, the Supreme Court decided by 6-2 vote that post-consumer waste holds no reasonable expectation of privacy. The dissenting justices claimed that there is an expectation that content of any opaque container thrown out or transported will remain private and that search of another person's garbage does not constitute civilized behavior, but the majority ruled that the bags of trash left on the side of the street are in public domain, open to inspection by "animals, children, scavengers, snoops, and other members of the public". January 11 is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 16 is the 136th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (137th in leap years). ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Post-consumer waste is waste produced by the end consumer of a material stream; that is, where the waste-producing use did not involve the production of another product. ... Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to stop information about themselves from becoming known to people other than those they choose to give the information to. ...

In summary, Greenwood lost.

Justices:

• William J. Brennan, Jr. - (Dissent) Associate justice, wrote an opinion
• Byron R. White - (Majority) Associate justice, wrote an opinion
• Thurgood Marshall - (Dissent) Associate justice, agreed with opinion written by Brennan
• Harry A. Blackmun - (Majority) Associate justice
• William H. Rehnquist - (Majority) Chief justice
• John Paul Stevens - (Majority) Associate justice
• Sandra Day O'Connor - (Majority) Associate justice
• Antonin Scalia - (Majority) Associate justice
• Anthony Kennedy - (Participated with anger) Associate justice

Advocates: William Joseph Brennan (April 25, 1906 - July 24, 1997) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. ... Byron Raymond White (June 8, 1917 - April 15, 2002) won fame both as a bruising running back and as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. ... Thurgood Marshall (July 2, 1908 – January 24, 1993) was an American jurist and the first African American to serve on the United States Supreme Court. ... Harold Andrew Blackmun (November 12, 1908 - March 4, 1999) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1970 to 1994. ... William H. Rehnquist has served as the Chief Justice of the United States since 1986. ... Justice John Paul Stevens (born April 20, 1920) is an American jurist who has been a U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice since 1975; he is the oldest and longest serving justice currently on the court. ... Justice Sandra Day OConnor Sandra Day OConnor (born March 26, 1930) has been an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States since 1981. ... Justice Antonin Scalia Justice Antonin Gregory Scalia (born March 11, 1936) has been a U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice since 1986. ... Justice Anthony Kennedy For other people of the same name, see Anthony Kennedy (disambiguation). ...

• Michael Ian Garey - by appointment of the Court, argued the cause for the respondents
• Michael J. Pear - argued the cause for the petitioner (California)

External links

• ^ 486 U.S. 35 (Text of the case from Findlaw.)
• ThinkQuest - California v. Greenwood