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A caliper (British spelling also calliper) is a device used to measure the distance between two symmetrically opposing sides. A caliper can be as simple as a compass with inward or outward-facing points. The tips of the caliper are adjusted to fit across the points to be measured, the caliper is then removed and the distance read by measuring between the tips with a measuring tool, such as a ruler. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Vehicle brake. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata DigitalCaliperEuro. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata DigitalCaliperEuro. ...
A digital system is one that uses discrete values (often electrical voltages), especially those representable as binary numbers, or non-numeric symbols such as letters or icons, for input, processing, transmission, storage, or display, rather than a continuous spectrum of values (ie, as in an analog system). ...
Spelling differences redirects here. ...
Various meters Measurement is an observation that reduces an uncertainty expressed as a quantity. ...
a compass In drafting, a compass (or pair of compasses) is an instrument]] used by mathematicians and craftsmen in for drawing or inscribing a circle or arc. ...
A variety of rulers A 2 metre carpenters rule Retractable flexible rule A ruler or rule is an instrument used in geometry, technical drawing and engineering/building to measure distances and/or to rule straight lines. ...
They are used in the metalworking field of mechanical engineering, handloading, and in woodworking and woodturning. Turned chess pieces Metalworking is the craft and practice of working with metals to create structures or machine parts. ...
Mechanical Engineering is an engineering discipline that involves the application of principles of physics for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. ...
// Handloading or reloading is the process of loading firearm cartridges or shotgun shells by assembling the individual components (case/shotshell, primer, powder, and bullet/shot), rather than purchasing completely assembled factory loaded cartridges. ...
Artists can use woodworking to create delicate sculptures. ...
This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ...
Types
Inside caliper The inside calipers are used to measure the internal size of an object. Download high resolution version (1977x1413, 451 KB)Photograph taken by Glenn McKechnie on the 24th March 2005. ...
Download high resolution version (1977x1413, 451 KB)Photograph taken by Glenn McKechnie on the 24th March 2005. ...
- The upper caliper in the image (at the right) requires manual adjustment prior to fitting, fine setting of this caliper type is performed by tapping the caliper legs lightly on a handy surface until they will almost pass over the object. A light push against the resistance of the central pivot screw then spreads the legs to the correct dimension and provides the required, consistent feel that ensures a repeatable measurement.
- The lower caliper in the image has an adjusting screw that permits it to be carefully adjusted without removal of the tool from the workpiece.
Chinthaka
Outside caliper Outside calipers are used to measure the external size of an object. Download high resolution version (1935x1401, 502 KB)Photograph taken by Glenn McKechnie on the 24th March 2005. ...
Download high resolution version (1935x1401, 502 KB)Photograph taken by Glenn McKechnie on the 24th March 2005. ...
The same observations and technique apply to this type of caliper, as for the above Inside caliper. With some understanding of their limitations and usage these instruments can provide a high degree of accuracy and repeatability. They are especially useful when measuring over very large distances, consider if the calipers are used to measure a large diameter pipe. A vernier caliper does not have the depth capacity to straddle this large diameter while at the same time reach the outermost points of the pipes diameter.
Divider caliper In the metalworking field divider calipers are used in the process of marking out suitable workpieces. The points are sharpened so that they act as scribers, one leg can then be placed in the dimple created by a center or prick punch and the other leg pivoted so that it scribes a line on the workpiece's surface, thus forming an arc or circle. Download high resolution version (2007x1110, 401 KB)Photograph taken by Glenn McKechnie on the 24th March 2005. ...
Download high resolution version (2007x1110, 401 KB)Photograph taken by Glenn McKechnie on the 24th March 2005. ...
Turned chess pieces Metalworking is the craft and practice of working with metals to create structures or machine parts. ...
Marking out is a moment of enjoying professional wrestling for what it is rather than analyzing its staged nature, and can be a sought-after experience for fans whose insider knowledge can make them jaded toward its entertainment aspect. ...
A variety of punches are used in engineering. ...
A divider caliper is also used to measure a distance between two points on a map. The two caliper's ends are brought to the two points whose distance is being measured. The caliper's opening is then either measured on a separate ruler and then converted to the actual distance, or it is measured directly on a scale drawn on the map. On a nautical chart the distance is often measured on the latitude scale appearing on the sides of the map: one minute of arc of latitude is approximately one nautical mile or 1852 metres. For other uses, see Map (disambiguation). ...
Variable scale to measure distances on maps An important property of a map is the scale. ...
Portion of chart of Bering Strait, site of former land bridge between Asia and North America. ...
Latitude,usually denoted symbolically by the Greek letter phi, , gives the location of a place on Earth north or south of the equator. ...
A nautical mile or sea mile is a unit of length. ...
metre or meter, see meter (disambiguation) The metre is the basic unit of length in the International System of Units. ...
Oddleg caliper Oddleg calipers, Hermaphrodite calipers or Oddleg jennys, as pictured on the left, are generally used to scribe a line a set distance from the edge of workpiece. The bent leg is used to run along the workpiece edge while the scriber makes its mark at a predetermined distance, this ensures a line parallel to the edge. Download high resolution version (1923x1149, 429 KB)Photograph taken by Glenn McKechnie on the 24th March 2005. ...
Download high resolution version (1923x1149, 429 KB)Photograph taken by Glenn McKechnie on the 24th March 2005. ...
In the diagram at left, the uppermost caliper has a slight shoulder in the bent leg allowing it to sit on the edge more securely, the lower caliper lacks this feature but has a renewable scriber that can be adjusted for wear, as well as being replaced when excessively worn.
Vernier calipers
 Parts of a vernier caliper: - Outside jaws: used to measure external lengths
- Inside jaws: used to measure internal lengths
- Depth probe: used to measure depths
- Main scale (cm)
- Main scale (inch)
- Vernier (cm)
- Vernier (inch)
- Retainer: used to block movable part to allow the easy transferring a measurement
A variation to the more traditional caliper is the inclusion of a vernier scale; this makes it possible to directly obtain a more precise measurement. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1000x1000, 143 KB) Beschreibung: Nonius eines Messschiebers Aufnahmedatum: 18. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1000x1000, 143 KB) Beschreibung: Nonius eines Messschiebers Aufnahmedatum: 18. ...
“Vernier†redirects here. ...
Vernier calipers can measure internal dimensions (using the uppermost jaws in the picture at right), external dimensions using the pictured lower jaws, and depending on the manufacturer, depth measurements by the use of a probe that is attached to the movable head and slides along the centre of the body. This probe is slender and can get into deep grooves that may prove difficult for other measuring tools.
The vernier scales will often include both metric and Imperial measurements on the upper and lower part of the scale. ‹ The template below (Unit of length) is being considered for deletion. ...
English unit is the American name for a unit in one of a number of systems of units of measurement, some obsolete, and some still in use. ...
Vernier calipers commonly used in industry provide a precision to a hundredth of a millimetre (10 micrometres), or one thousandth of an inch. A micrometre (American spelling: micrometer), symbol µm, is an SI unit of length. ...
A more accurate instrument used for the same purpose is the micrometer. Outside, inside, and depth micrometers A micrometer is a widely used device in mechanical engineering for precisely measuring thickness of blocks, outer and inner diameters of shafts and depths of slots. ...
Dial caliper A further refinement to the vernier caliper is the dial caliper. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1447x511, 201 KB)Dial calipers. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1447x511, 201 KB)Dial calipers. ...
In this instrument, a small gear rack drives a pointer on a circular dial. Typically, the pointer rotates once every inch, tenth of an inch, or 1 millimetre, allowing for a direct reading without the need to read a vernier scale (although one still needs to add the basic inches or tens of millimeters value read from the slide of the caliper). The dial is usually arranged to be rotatable beneath the pointer, allowing for "differential" measurements (the measuring of the difference in size between two objects, or the setting of the dial using a master object and subsequently being able to read directly the plus-or-minus variance in size of subsequent objects relative to the master object). Spur gears found on a piece of farm equipment A gear is a wheel with teeth around its circumference, the purpose of the teeth being to mesh with similar teeth on another mechanical device -- possibly another gear wheel -- so that force can be transmitted between the two devices in a...
A dial is a generally a flat disk, often with numbers or similar markings on it, used for displaying the setting or output of a timepiece, radio or measuring instrument In telephony and telecommunications in connection with a telephone, a dial refers, in older telephones, to a rotating disk with...
The slide of a dial caliper can usually be locked at a setting using a small lever or screw; this allows simple go/no-go checks of part sizes. A Go NoGo gauge refers to an inspection tool used to check a workpiece against its allowed tolerances. ...
Digital caliper A refinement now popular is the replacement of the analog dial with an electronic digital display. This version of the caliper allows reading the value directly from a single display. Many digital calipers can be switched between metric and imperial units. All provide for zeroing the display at any point along the slide, allowing the same sort of differential measurements as with the dial caliper but without the need to read numbers that may be upside down. Digital calipers may contain some sort of "reading hold" feature, allowing the reading of dimensions even in awkward locations where the display cannot be seen. Image File history File linksMetadata DigitalCaliperEuro. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata DigitalCaliperEuro. ...
This article is about the engineering discipline. ...
A display device is a device for visual presentation of images (including text) acquired, stored, or transmitted in various forms. ...
With all of these benefits, digital calipers have by no means replaced the dial caliper. Digital calipers typically do not have the beam structure of a dial or vernier caliper and therefore do not have the repeatability or accuracy to an amateur user. Dial calipers have the potential to last much longer with their repairability. [citation needed]
Increasingly, digital calipers offer a serial data output to allow them to be interfaced with a personal computer. This means measurements can be taken and instantly stored in a spreadsheet or similar piece of software, significantly decreasing the time taken to take and record a series of measurements. The output of non-name brand calipers is usually 24 bit 90 kHz synchronous. A suitable interface to convert the output to RS232 levels and format can be built or purchased. A spreadsheet is a rectangular table (or grid) of information, often financial information. ...
RS-232 (also referred to as EIA RS-232C or V.24) is a standard for serial binary data interchange between a DTE (Data terminal equipment) and a DCE (Data communication equipment). ...
Like dial calipers, the slide of a digital caliper can usually be locked using a lever or thumb-screw.
Both dial and digital calipers can be used with accessories that extend their usefulness. Examples are a base that extends their usefulness as a depth gauge and a jaw attachment that allows measuring the center distance between holes.
Use
 Using the vernier caliper A caliper must be properly applied against the part in order to take the desired measurement. For example, when measuring the thickness of a plate a vernier caliper must be held at right angles to the piece. Some practice may be needed to measure round or irregular objects correctly. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Accuracy of measurement when using a caliper is highly dependent on the skill of the operator. Regardless of type, a caliper's jaws must be forced into contact with the part being measured. As both part and caliper are always to some extent elastic, the amount of force used affects the indication. A consistent, firm touch is correct. Too much force results in an underindication as part and tool distort; too little force gives insufficient contact and an overindication. This is a greater problem with a caliper incorporating a wheel, which lends mechanical advantage. This is especially the case with digital calipers, calipers out of adjustment, or calipers with a poor quality beam. Elasticity is a branch of physics which studies the properties of elastic materials. ...
In physics and engineering, mechanical advantage (MA) is the factor by which a mechanism multiplies the force put into it. ...
Simple calipers are uncalibrated; the measurement taken must be compared against a scale. Whether the scale is part of the caliper or not, all analog calipers -- verniers and dials -- require good eyesight in order to achieve the highest precision. Digital calipers have the advantage in this area.
Calibrated calipers may be mishandled, leading to loss of zero. When a calipers' jaws are fully closed, it should of course indicate zero. If it does not, it must be recalibrated or repaired. It might seem that a vernier caliper cannot get out of calibration but a drop or knock can be enough. Digital calipers have zero set buttons. Calibration refers to the process of determining the relation between the output (or response) of a measuring instrument and the value of the input quantity or attribute, a measurement standard. ...
See also External, internal, and depth micrometers A micrometer is a widely used device in mechanical engineering for precisely measuring thickness of blocks, outer and inner diameters of shafts and depths of slots. ...
A simple computing device that calculates the number of pieces of lumber yielded by a given piece of timber by measuring its diameter. ...
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 Metalworking:
| | Metalworking measuring instruments: Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...
Turned chess pieces Metalworking is the craft and practice of working with metals to create structures or machine parts. ...
| Bore gauge | Caliper | Dial indicator | Engineer's blue | Feeler | Fishtail-Center | Gauge blocks | Gauge | Go-NoGo | Machinist square | Marking blue | Marking gauge | Marking out | Micrometer | Radius gauge | Ruler | Sine bar | Spirit level | Straightedge | Surface plate | Tape measure | Thread pitch | Vernier height | Vernier scale | Wiggler A bore gauge is a convenient term for the measuring or transfer tools that are used in the process of accurately measuring holes. ...
Dial indicators are instruments used to accurately measure a small distance. ...
Prussian blue is a blue pigment used in paints and formerly in blueprints. ...
Feeler gauge set A feeler gauge is a simple tool used to measure thicknesses. ...
Two different thread setting gauges Fishtail-Center gauges, the left image is a fishtail gauge, the right image is a center gauge. ...
Gauge blocks, (also known as gage blocks, Johansson gauges, or slip gauges) are precision ground and lapped measuring standards. ...
In engineering, a gauge is used to make measurements. ...
A Go NoGo gauge refers to an inspection tool used to check a workpiece against its allowed tolerances. ...
Two typical engineers squares A machinist square or engineers square is the metalworkers equivalent of a try square. ...
Marking Blue is a dye used in metalworking. ...
Stanley and Veritas marking gauges A marking gauge is used in woodworking and metalworking to mark out lines for cutting or other operations. ...
Marking out is a moment of enjoying professional wrestling for what it is rather than analyzing its staged nature, and can be a sought-after experience for fans whose insider knowledge can make them jaded toward its entertainment aspect. ...
Outside, inside, and depth micrometers A micrometer is a widely used device in mechanical engineering for precisely measuring thickness of blocks, outer and inner diameters of shafts and depths of slots. ...
Two types of radius gauges A radius gauge is a tool used to measure the radius of an object. ...
A variety of rulers A 2 metre carpenters rule Retractable flexible rule A ruler or rule is an instrument used in geometry, technical drawing and engineering/building to measure distances and/or to rule straight lines. ...
A sine bar is a tool used to measure angles in metalworking. ...
Engineers spirit level Precision engineers level An engineers spirit level is generally used to level machines although they may be used to level large workpieces on machines such as planers. ...
A straightedge is a tool similar to a ruler, but without markings. ...
A surface plate is a solid, flat table that can be confidently used as a datum for marking out, measuring workpieces, or setting up tooling. ...
Self-retracting pocket tape measure plastic tape measure A tape measure or measuring tape is a ribbon of cloth, plastic, or metal with linear-measure markings, often in both imperial and metric units. ...
Three different sets of threading gauges Threading gauges, pictured on the right, are also referred to as pitch gauges and are used to measure the pitch or lead of screw threads. ...
A height gauge is a measuring device used either for determining the height of something, or for repetitious marking of items to be worked on. ...
“Vernier†redirects here. ...
Wiggler Set of wigglers A wiggler, center finder or sticky pin refers to a tool used in the rotating spindle of a machine such as mill or drill. ...
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| | Metalworking topics: Turned chess pieces Metalworking is the craft and practice of working with metals to create structures or machine parts. ...
| Casting | CNC | Cutting tools | Drilling and threading | Fabrication | Finishing | Grinding | Jewellery | Lathe (tool) | Machining | Machine tooling | Measuring | Metalworking | Hand tools | Metallurgy | Milling | Occupations | Press tools | Smithing | Terminology | Welding Casting may be used to create artistic sculptures Casting is a manufacturing process by which a molten material such as metal or plastic is introduced into a mold, allowed to solidify within the mold, and then ejected or broken out to make a fabricated part. ...
A CNC Turning Center A CNC Milling Machine The abbreviation CNC stands for computer numerical control, and refers specifically to a computer controller that reads G-code instructions and drives the machine tool, a powered mechanical device typically used to fabricate metal components by the selective removal of metal. ...
a Cutting Tool, in the context of Metalworking is any tool that is used to remove metal from the workpiece by means of shear deformation. ...
Drilling is the process of using a drill bit in a drill to produce holes. ...
A typical steel fabrication shop Fabrication, when used as an industrial term, applies to the building of machines , structures, process equipment for chemical, fertilizer sector by cutting, shaping and assembling components made from raw materials. ...
Metalworking finishing is the activity of making things out of metal in a skillful manner. ...
Rotating abrasive wheel on a bench grinder. ...
Amber jewellery in the form of pendants Jewellery (also spelled jewelry, see spelling differences) is a personal ornament, such as a necklace, ring, or bracelet, made from jewels, precious metals or other substance. ...
Conventional metalworking lathe In woodturning, metalworking, metal spinning, and glassworking, a lathe is a machine tool which spins a block of material so that when abrasive, cutting, or deformation tools are applied to the block, it can be shaped to produce an object which has rotational symmetry about an axis...
A lathe is a common tool used in machining. ...
A machine tool is a powered mechanical device, typically used to fabricate metal components of machines by the selective removal of metal. ...
The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...
Turned chess pieces Metalworking is the craft and practice of working with metals to create structures or machine parts. ...
Metalworking hand tools are hand tools that are used in the metalworking field. ...
Georg Agricola, author of De re metallica, an important early book on metal extraction Metallurgy is a domain of materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys. ...
Endmills for a milling machine. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Smith (metalwork). ...
Power press with a fixed barrier guard A press, or a machine press is a tool used to work metal (typically steel) by changing its shape and internal structure. ...
A smith, or metalsmith, is a person involved in the shaping of metal objects. ...
This article needs to be wikified. ...
Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. ...
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