The interior of the Great Mosque in Cordoba, now a Christian cathedral. The mosque, known as the Mezquita in Spanish, is one of the finest examples of Arab-Islamic architechture pioneered by the Umayyad dynasty of Spain.

The Caliph of Cordoba ruled Islamic Spain (Al-Andalus) and North Africa from the city of Cordoba, from 929 to 1031. The title Caliph was claimed by Abd-ar-Rahman III on January 16, 929; he was previously known as the Emir of Cordoba. All Caliphs of Cordoba were members of the Ummayad dynasty; the same dynasty had held the title Emir of Cordoba and ruled over roughly the same territory since 756. Mosque in Córdoba, Spain This mosque, known as La Mezquita -- Spanish for the mosque -- is currently used as a cathedral. ... Mosque in Córdoba, Spain This mosque, known as La Mezquita -- Spanish for the mosque -- is currently used as a cathedral. ... Interior of the Mezquita Mezquita, (from Arabic Masjid), is Spanish for mosque. This article deals with the one in Cordoba, Spain. ... The Courtyard of the Omayyad Mosque in Damascus, one of the grandest architectural legacies of the Umayyads. ... Islam ( Arabic al-islām الإسلام,  listen?) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith and the worlds second-largest religion. ... It is sometimes difficult to separate concepts in Islam from concepts specific to Arab culture, from the language itself. ... The religion of Islam consists of faith (إيمان, īmān) and practice (دين, dīn). ... There is also a town called Shāhāda, which is now in Nandurbār district (formerly in Dhule district) in the northwest corner of Maharashtra state in India. ... Salah (other terms and spellings exist) (Arabic: صلاه , Old (Quran) Arabic: صلوة ) is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. ... Zakât (or Zakaat or Zakah) (Arabic: زكاة, Old (Quran) Arabic: زكوة) is the third of the Five Pillars of Islam. ... Ramadan or Ramadhan (Arabic: رمضان ) is the ninth month of the Islamic year. ... The Hajj or Haj is the Pilgrimage to Mecca (or, Makkah) and is the fifth of the Five Pillars of Islam. Every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so is obliged to make the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime. ... Jihad (ǧihād جهاد) is an Arabic word which comes from the Arabic root word jahada; which means exerting utmost effort or to strive. ... The term Sixth pillar of Islam refers to an addition to the Five Pillars of Islam; the five pillars of Islam explain the basic tenets of the Muslim faith. ... Muhammad is a common male name for Muslims. ... The Quran identifies a number of men as prophets of Islam. ... An Anglicized/Latinized version of the Arabic word خليفة or Khalīfah, Caliph (  listen?) is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ... Sects Within Shiism there are various sects that differ over the number of Imams, or path of succession. ... The Mahdi (or Mehdi), in Islamic eschatology, is a man who will come at the end of the times. ... 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Mihrab (in Persian مهراب or محراب, in Arabic ألمحراب pl. ... The Kaaba or Kaaba, in the mosque known as Masjid al Haram in Mecca (Makkah), is the holiest place in Islam. ... Islamic architecture is the entire range of architecture that has evolved from Islam as a social, cultural, political and religious phenomenon. ... The müezzin (the word is pronounced this way Turkish, Urdu, etc. ... A Mufti (Arabic: مفتى) is an Islamic scholar who is an interpreter or expounder of Islamic law (Sharia), capable of issuing fataawa (fatwas). See also Grand Mufti Grand Mufti of Jerusalem Mufti also refers to ordinary clothes, especially when worn by one who normally wears, or has long worn, a... Categories: Islam-related stubs | Islamic law | Religious leaders ... Imam is an Arabic word meaning Leader. The ruler of a country might be called the Imam, for example. ... Ayatollah (Arabic: آية الله; Persian: آیت‌الله) is a high title given to major Shia clergymen. ... 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The Ismaili ( اسماعيلي, Persian Esmaaili) branch of Islam is the second-largest Shia community, after the Twelvers who are dominant in Iran. ... Zaiddiyah (also: Zaidi, Zaydi, or in the West Fivers) refers to a sect within Shia Islam. ... Alawite is a Middle Eastern Syria. ... Alevis are a branch of Islam, related to Shia Islam and practised mainly in (majority Sunni) Turkey, among both Turks and Kurds. ... Al-Ibadhiyah is a form of Islam distinct from the Shiite and Sunni sects. ... This article is about religious concept of Messiah. ... Ahmadi Muslims, or Ahmadiyya, are followers of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. ... Zikri is a small Islamic sect that is concentrated in Balochistan. ... Sufism (Arabic تصوف taṣawwuf) is a system of esoteric philosophy commonly associated with Islam. ... Wahhabism (sometimes spelled Wahabbism or Wahabism) is a movement of Islam named after Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab (1703–1792). ... A Salafi (Arabic سلفي lit. ... In modern times there have been a number of liberal movements within Islam (sometimes called in Arabic: الإسلام الإجتهادية or interpretation-based Islam, also الإسلام المتقدمة or Progressive Islam). These generally denote religious outlooks which depend mainly on ijtihad or re-interpretations of scriptures. ... The Nation of Islam (NOI), also known as the Black Muslim Movement (although the term is discouraged by the NOI), is a spiritual and political black separatist movement founded in America in 1930 by Wallace Fard Muhammad (1877- ?). The Nation of Islam has a somewhat tenuous connection to mainstream Islam... The Nation of Gods and Earths, commonly known as the Five Percent Nation or the Five Percenters are an African-American social/ religious movement founded in Harlem in the late 1960s by Clarence 13X. Spawned from a combination of teachings of by Malcolm X and The Nation of Islam, the... The Druze ( Arabic: duruzī درزي, pl. ... 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Events Collapse of the Moorish Caliphate of Córdoba. ... An Anglicized/Latinized version of the Arabic word خليفة or Khalīfah, Caliph (  listen?) is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ... Abd-ar-Rahman III, Emir and Caliph of Cordoba (912 - 961) was the greatest and the most successful of the princes of the Ummayad dynasty in Spain. ... January 16 is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... The Umayyad Dynasty (Arabic الأمويون / بنو أمية umawiyy; in Turkish, Emevi) was the first dynasty of caliphs of the Prophet Muhammad who were not closely related to Muhammad himself, though they were of the same Meccan tribe, the Quraish. ... Events Abd-ar-rahman I conquers Iberia and establishes a new Umayyad dynasty. ...

Abd-ar-Rahman I became Emir of Cordoba 6 years after his dynasty, the Ummayad, had lost the position of Caliph (held in Damascus) in 750. Abd-ar-Rahman I was on the run from persecutors for 6 years before arriving in Spain. Intent on regaining a position of power, he defeated the existing Islamic rulers of the area, and united various local fiefdoms into an emirate. Abd ar-Rahman I (ruled 756-788) was the founder of a Muslim dynasty that ruled Spain for nearly three centuries. ... This is about Damascus, the capital of Syria. ... Events Last Umayyad caliph Marwan II (744-750) overthrown by first Abbasid caliph, Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah Categories: 750 | 750s ... Under the system of feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud or fee, consisted of heritable lands or revenue-producing property granted by a liege lord in return for a vassal knights service (usually fealty, military service, and security). ... For the Arabic airline, see Emirates. ...

Rulers of the Emirate were content to use the title emir or sultan until the 10th century, when Abd-ar-Rahman III was faced with the threat of invasion by the Fatimids, a rival Islamic empire based in Cairo. Partially to help in his fight against the invading Fatimids, who claimed the Caliphate in opposition to the generally recognized Abbasidian Caliph of Baghdad, Rahman III claimed the title of Caliph himself. This move helped Rahman III gain prestige with his subjects, and the title was retained even after the Fatimids were repulsed. Emir (also sometimes rendered as Amir or Ameer, Arabic commander) is a title of nobility historically used in Islamic nations of the Middle East and North Africa. ... A sultan (Arabic: سلطان) is an Islamic monarch ruling under the terms of shariah. ... ( 9th century - 10th century - 11th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ... The Fatimid Empire or Fatimid Caliphate ruled North Africa from A.D. 909 to 1171. ... View of the modern citys skyline. ... Abbasid provinces during the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid Abbasid was the dynastic name generally given to the caliphs of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Muslim empire, that overthrew the Umayyid caliphs. ... A street map of Baghdad Average temperature (red) and precipitations (blue) in Baghdad Baghdad (بغداد) is the capital of Iraq and the Baghdad Province. ...

For 100 years, the Caliph of Cordoba ruled over Spain and north Africa. This period was marked by remarkable success in trade and culture; many of the masterpieces of Islamic Spain were constructed in this period. However, the territories controlled by the Caliph of Cordoba decreased over this period.

The last Caliph of Cordoba was Hisham III, also of the Umayyad dynasty. In 1031, he died and the territories he controlled (which had by then shrunk mainly to possessions on the Iberian peninsula) fractured into a number of independent taifas. These fiefdoms continued until they were gradually pushed out by Christian forces, unable to effectively resist as independent factions. Hisham III was the last Umayyad ruler in Spain, and the last person to hold the title Caliph of Cordoba. ... Events Collapse of the Moorish Caliphate of Córdoba. ... topographic map of the Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe. ... The term taifa in the history of Iberia refers to an Islamic independent city-state with its supporting surrounding region, an emirate or petty kingdom, of which a number formed in Al-Andalus after the final collapse of the Umayyad caliphate of Córdoba in 1031. ... This article is about the religious people known as Christians. ...

Umayyad Emirs of Cordoba

• Abd-ar-rahman I, 756-788
• Hisham I, 788-796
• al-Hakam I, 796-822
• Abd-ar-rahman II, 822-852
• Muhammad I, 852-886
• al-Mundhir, 886-888
• Abdallah ibn Muhammad, 888-912
• Abd-ar-rahman III, 912-929

Abd ar-Rahman I (ruled 756-788) was the founder of a Muslim dynasty that ruled Spain for nearly three centuries. ... Events Abd-ar-rahman I conquers Iberia and establishes a new Umayyad dynasty. ... Events Charlemagne conquers Bavaria. ... Hisham I was the Umayyad emir of Cordoba, ruling from 788 to 796. ... Events Charlemagne conquers Bavaria. ... Events December - Coenwulf becomes king of Mercia. ... Al-Hakam Ibn Hisham Ibn Abd-ar-Rahman I was an Umayyad Emir of Cordoba. ... Events December - Coenwulf becomes king of Mercia. ... Events Abd-ar-rahman II becomes ruler of Umayyad Spain. ... Abd-ar-rahman II (822 - 852) was one of the weaker of the Spanish Umayyads. ... Events Abd-ar-rahman II becomes ruler of Umayyad Spain. ... Events Boris I Michael succeeds the duumvirate of Malamir and Presian as monarch of Bulgaria. ... Muhammad I Umayyad Emirs of Cordoba Categories: Substubs ... Events Boris I Michael succeeds the duumvirate of Malamir and Presian as monarch of Bulgaria. ... Events The Glagolitic alphabet, devised by Cyril and Methodius, missionairies from Constantinople, is adopted in the Bulgarian Empire. ... al-Mundhir, of the Umayyad dynasty, was Emir of Cordoba from 886 to 888. ... Events The Glagolitic alphabet, devised by Cyril and Methodius, missionairies from Constantinople, is adopted in the Bulgarian Empire. ... Events January 13: With the death of Charles the Fat, the Frankish kingdom is split again, and this time permanently. ... Abdallah ibn Muhammad, of the Umayyad dynasty, was Emir of Cordoba from 888 to 912. ... Events January 13: With the death of Charles the Fat, the Frankish kingdom is split again, and this time permanently. ... Events Orso II Participazio becomes Doge of Venice Patriarch Nicholas I Mysticus becomes patriarch of Constantinople Births November 23 - Otto I the Great Holy Roman Emperor (+ 973) Abd-ar-rahman III - prince of the Umayyad dynasty Deaths Oleg of Kiev Categories: 912 ... Abd-ar-Rahman III, Emir and Caliph of Cordoba (912 - 961) was the greatest and the most successful of the princes of the Ummayad dynasty in Spain. ... Events Orso II Participazio becomes Doge of Venice Patriarch Nicholas I Mysticus becomes patriarch of Constantinople Births November 23 - Otto I the Great Holy Roman Emperor (+ 973) Abd-ar-rahman III - prince of the Umayyad dynasty Deaths Oleg of Kiev Categories: 912 ... Events Emir Abd-ar-rahman III of Cordoba declares himself caliph. ...

Umayyad Caliphs of Cordoba

• Abd-ar-rahman III, as caliph, 929-961
• Al-Hakam II, 961-976
• Hisham II, 976-1008
• Mohammed II, 1008-1009
• Suleiman, 1009-1010
• Hisham II, restored, 1010-1012
• Suleiman, restored, 1012-1017
• Abd-ar-Rahman IV, 1021-1022
• Abd-ar-Rahman V, 1022-1023
• Muhammad III, 1023-1024
• Hisham III, 1027-1031

The Umayyad palace of Alhambra, in Granada, is one of the finest examples of the high art and culture achieved by the Islamic civilization in Spain.

See also History of Islam, Caliphate Abd-ar-Rahman III, Emir and Caliph of Cordoba (912 - 961) was the greatest and the most successful of the princes of the Ummayad dynasty in Spain. ... Events Emir Abd-ar-rahman III of Cordoba declares himself caliph. ... Events Byzantine Empire recaptures Crete from Muslim control Harald I of Norway squashed the rebelling forces of Eric Bloodaxes sons but was killed in the Battle of Fitje. ... Al-Hakam II was Caliph of Cordoba, in Al-Andalus, and son of Abd_ar_rahman III (al_Nasir). ... Events Byzantine Empire recaptures Crete from Muslim control Harald I of Norway squashed the rebelling forces of Eric Bloodaxes sons but was killed in the Battle of Fitje. ... Events January 10 - Basil II becomes Eastern Roman Emperor, see Byzantine Emperors. ... Hisham II was the third Caliph of Cordoba, of the Umayyad dynasty. ... Events January 10 - Basil II becomes Eastern Roman Emperor, see Byzantine Emperors. ... Events Olof, king of Sweden, is baptized. ... Mohammed II was the fourth Caliph of Cordoba, of the Umayyad dynasty. ... Events Olof, king of Sweden, is baptized. ... Events February 14: First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. ... Suleiman II was the fifth Caliph of Cordoba, of the Umayyad dynasty. ... Events February 14: First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. ... Events The Ly Dynasty in Vietnam is established (or 1009). ... Hisham II was the third Caliph of Cordoba, of the Umayyad dynasty. ... Events The Ly Dynasty in Vietnam is established (or 1009). ... Events Mael Morda starts a rebellion against Brian Boru in Ireland, which would eventually end in 1014 at the Battle of Clontarf. ... Suleiman II was the fifth Caliph of Cordoba, of the Umayyad dynasty. ... Events Mael Morda starts a rebellion against Brian Boru in Ireland, which would eventually end in 1014 at the Battle of Clontarf. ... Events Canute the Great is acclaimed king of England. ... In the agony of the Umayyad dynasty in Spain, two princes of the house were proclaimed Caliph of Cordoba for a very short time, Abd-ar-Rahman IV Mortada (1017), and Abd-ar-Rahman V Mostadir (1023-1024). ... Events Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, sixth Fatimid Caliph of Egypt disappeares on a trip to al-Muqattam hills. ... Events Several Catharist heretics are killed in Toulouse. ... In the agony of the Umayyad dynasty in Spain, two princes of the house were proclaimed Caliph of Cordoba for a very short time, Abd-ar-Rahman IV Mortada (1017), and Abd-ar-Rahman V Mostadir (1023-1024). ... Events Several Catharist heretics are killed in Toulouse. ... Events The Judge-Governor of Sevilla takes advantage of the disintegration of the caliphate of Córdoba and seizes power as Abbad I, thus founded the Abbadid dynasty. ... Muhammad III was an Umayyad Caliph of Cordoba. ... Events The Judge-Governor of Sevilla takes advantage of the disintegration of the caliphate of Córdoba and seizes power as Abbad I, thus founded the Abbadid dynasty. ... This article is about the year. ... Hisham III was the last Umayyad ruler in Spain, and the last person to hold the title Caliph of Cordoba. ... Events March 26 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II Holy Roman Emperor. ... Events Collapse of the Moorish Caliphate of Córdoba. ... Granada, Lion Courtyard in the Alhambra, pic by User:Infrogmation 1999. ... Granada, Lion Courtyard in the Alhambra, pic by User:Infrogmation 1999. ... (This article is about the Alhambra in Granada, Spain. ... The City of Granada Alhambra, Courtyard of the Lions Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in Andalusia, Spain (Andalucía, España). ... The Suleiman Mosque (Süleymaniye Camii) in Istanbul was built on the order of sultan Suleiman the Magnificent by the great Ottoman architect Sinan in 1557 The History of Islam is the history of the Islamic faith and the world it shaped as a social, cultural, and political phenomenon. ... An Anglicized/Latinized version of the Arabic word خليفة or Khalīfah, Caliph (  listen?) is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ...