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 Flexibility of Calmodulin. Calmodulin can bind to calmodulin-dependent-protein kinase II-alpha (upper left, PDB code=1cm1); it can bind to myosine light chain (lower left, 2bbm); it can bind to edema factor toxin from the anthrax bacteria (right, 1k93) more details... Calmodulin (CaM) is a Ca2+-binding protein that is a key component of the Ca2+ second-messenger system and is involved in controlling many of the biochemical processes of cells. Image File history File links Calmodulin. ...
Image File history File links Calmodulin. ...
Image File history File links Flexibility_of_Calmodulin. ...
Image File history File links Flexibility_of_Calmodulin. ...
Calcium-binding proteins are proteins that participate in calcium cell signalling pathways by binding to Ca2+. The most ubiquitous Ca2+-sensing protein, found in all eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, is calmodulin. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number calcium, Ca, 20 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 4, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 40. ...
In biology, second messengers are low-weight diffusible molecules that are used in signal transduction to relay signals within a cell. ...
Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes and transformations in living organisms. ...
Cells in culture, stained for keratin (red) and DNA (green). ...
Calmodulin is a small, acidic protein approximately 148 amino acids long (16706 Dalton) and, as such, is a favorite for testing protein simulation software. It contains four EF-hand "motifs" or domains, each of which binds a Ca2+ ion. It typically binds 0, 2, or 4 calcium ions, and binds and regulates different proteins in each state. There are over a hundred proteins known to bind calmodulin. It is highly conserved across all eukaryotes, and its expression is essential for biological cells to progress through mitosis. For other uses, see Acid (disambiguation). ...
The general structure of an amino acid molecule, with the amine group on the left and the carboxyl group on the right. ...
The unified atomic mass unit (u), or dalton (Da), is a small unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular masses. ...
Computational chemistry is a branch of chemistry that uses the results of theoretical chemistry incorporated into efficient computer programs to calculate the structures and properties of molecules and solids, applying these programs to real chemical problems. ...
It has been suggested that Supersecondary structure be merged into this article or section. ...
Within a protein, a structural domain (domain) is an element of overall structure that is self-stabilizing and often folds independently of the rest of the protein chain. ...
Kingdoms Animalia - Animals Fungi Plantae - Plants Protista A eukaryote is an organism with a complex cell or cells, in which the genetic material is organized into a membrane-bound nucleus or nuclei. ...
A cell in early anaphase Mitosis is the process by which a cell separates its duplicated genome into two identical halves. ...
Calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.16) and calmodulin-dependent kinases are the major calmodulin-binding proteins in the brain. Protein phosphatases are enzymes that remove phosphate groups that have been attached to amino acid residues of proteins by protein kinases. ...
Calmodulin dependent kinase (Camk) is a kinase enzyme. ...
In animals, the brain, or encephalon (Greek for in the head), is the control center of the central nervous system. ...
Other calcium-binding proteins
Calmodulin belongs to one of the two main groups of calcium-binding proteins, called EF hand proteins. The other group, called annexins, bind calcium and phospholipid (e.g., lipocortin). Many other proteins bind calcium, although binding calcium may not be considered their principal function in the cell. General Name, Symbol, Number calcium, Ca, 20 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 4, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 40. ...
Annexin is a common name for a group of cellular proteins. ...
Two schematic representations of a phospholipid. ...
See also - Protein kinase#Ca2.2B.2Fcalmodulin-dependent protein kinases
A protein kinase is an enzyme that modifies other proteins by chemically adding phosphate groups to them (phosphorylation). ...
External links - Link page to external chemical sources.
| | | skeletal muscle/general: epimysium, fascicle, perimysium, endomysium, muscle fiber, myofibril sarcomere (a, i, and h bands; z and m lines), myofilaments (thin filament/actin, thick filament/myosin, elastic filament/titin), tropomyosin, troponin
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Muscular system. ...
A top-down view of skeletal muscle Skeletal muscleis a type of striated muscle, attached to the skeleton. ...
Epimysium is a layer of connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle. ...
In anatomy, a fascicle is a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue. ...
Perimysium is a sheath of connective tissue which groups individual muscle fibers into bundles or fasciculi Categories: Stub ...
The endomysium, literally meaning within the muscle, is a layer of connective tissue that ensheaths a muscle fiber and is composed mostly from reticular fibers. ...
Global view of a neuromuscular junction: 1. ...
A diagram of the structure of a Myofybril Myofibrils (obsolete term: sarcostyles) are cylindrical organelles, found within muscle cells. ...
Image of sarcomere A sarcomere is the basic unit of a cross striated muscles myofibril. ...
See sarcomere. ...
G-Actin (PDB code: 1j6z). ...
Myosin is a motor protein filament found in muscle tissue. ...
Titin, also known as connectin, (UniProt name: Q10466_HUMAN; accession number: Q10466) is a protein that is important in the contraction of striated muscle tissues. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
Troponin is a protein complex that confers calcium sensitivity to muscle cells. ...
neuromuscular junction, intrafusal muscle fibers, extrafusal muscle fiber, motor unit, muscle spindle, sliding filament mechanism A neuromuscular junction is the junction of the axon terminal of a motoneuron with the motor end plate, the highly-excitable region of muscle fiber plasma membrane responsible for initiation of action potentials across the muscles surface. ...
Intrafusal muscle fibers are muscle fibers that comprise the muscle spindle. ...
Extrafusal muscle fibers are served by axons of the alpha motor neurons. ...
A motor unit is a group of cells under the control of a single motor neuron; groups of motor units work together, as a single muscle. ...
A muscle spindle is a specialized muscle structure innervated by both sensory and motor neuron axons. ...
The sliding filament mechanism is a process used by muscles to contract. ...
myoblast, satellite cells, sarcoplasm, sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, T-tubule Myoblasts are a type of stem cells that exist in muscles. ...
Satellite cells are found in the mature muscle around the muscle fibres, and differentiate from myoblasts. ...
The Sarcoplasm of a muscle fiber is comparable to the cytoplasm of other cells, but it houses unusually large amounts of glycosomes (granules of stored glycogen) and significant amounts of myoglobin, an oxygen binding protein. ...
The sarcolemma is the name of the cell membrane of a muscle fiber or muscle cell. ...
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A T-tubule (or Transverse tubule), is a deep invagination of the plasma membrane found in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. ...
cardiac muscle: myocardium, intercalated disc Cardiac muscle is a type of involuntary mononucleated, or uninucleated, striated muscle found exclusively within the heart. ...
Myocardium is the muscular tissue of the heart. ...
An intercalated disc is an undulating double membrane separating adjacent cells in cardiac muscle fibers. ...
smooth muscle: calmodulin, vascular smooth muscle Smooth muscle is a type of non-striated muscle, found within the walls of hollow organs; such as blood vessels, the bladder, the uterus, and the gastrointestinal tract. ...
Vascular smooth muscle refers to the particular type of smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels. ...
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