Badami Chalukya Territories

Virupaksha temple, Pattadakal, built 740

The Chalukya dynasty (Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು IPA: [ʧaːɭukjə]) was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries. During this period, they ruled as three closely related, but individual dynasties. The earliest dynasty is known as the Badami Chalukyas who ruled from their capital Badami from the middle of the 6th century. The Badami Chalukyas began to assert their independence at the decline of the Kadamba kingdom of Banavasi and rapidly rose to prominence during the reign of Pulakesi II. After the death of Pulakesi II, the Eastern Chalukyas became an independent kingdom in the eastern Deccan. They ruled from the capital Vengi until about the 11th century. In the western Deccan, the rise of the Rashtrakutas in the middle of 8th century eclipsed the Chalukyas of Badami before being revived by their descendants, the Western Chalukyas in late 10th century. These Western Chalukyas ruled from Basavakalyan till the end of the 12th century. The 6th century is the period from 501 - 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... Pulakesi I (543 – 566 C.E.) established the Chalukya dynasty in then western Deccan and his descendents ruled over an empire that comprised of the entire state of Karnataka and most of Andhra Pradesh. ... An official language is a language that is given a unique legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ ) is one of the major Dravidian languages of southern India and one of the oldest languages in India. ... The Sanskrit language ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... This article is about a city that serves as a center of government and politics. ... The town of Vatapi, better-known today as Badami, is located at the foot of a rugged, red sandstone outcrop that surrounds Agastyatirth water reservoir - an artificial lake - on three sides. ... Badami Cave Temple No 3. ... “Kingdom” redirects here. ... PULAKESI II (C.610-642 A.D.): Pulakesi II ascended the throne in C.610 A. D., and he has been rightly regarded as the ablest monarch in the Chalukyan line. ... Kadambas was an ancient royal dynasty of Karnataka, who ruled from their capital of Banavasi from (345-525AD) later branched into Goa, Hanagal and Chandavar. ... Jain cave in Ellora The Rastrakutas (Sanskrit/Maharashtri Prakrit [1]/Marathi[2][3]:राष्ट्रकूट, Kannada: ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟ) were a dynasty which ruled the southern and the central parts or the Deccan, India during the 8th - 10th century. ... Image File history File links Pattadakal_Virupaksha_temple. ... Image File history File links Pattadakal_Virupaksha_temple. ... Pattadakal is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka famous for its group of monuments that comprise of initial experiments in Hindu temple architecture. ... Events October 26 - An earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death. ... Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ ) is one of the major Dravidian languages of southern India and one of the oldest languages in India. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... South India is a linguistic-cultural region of India that comprises the four Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Pondicherry, whose inhabitants are collectively referred to as South Indians. ... The geography of India is extremely diverse, with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts, plains, hills and plateaus. ... The 6th century is the period from 501 - 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... Badami Cave Temple No 3. ... An ancient royal family of Karnataka, who ruled from their capital of Banavasi, later branched into Goa, Hanagal and Chandavar. ... Banavasi ಬನವಾಸಿ is an ancient temple town on the border of Uttara Kannada District and Shimoga district in the south Indian state of Karnataka. ... PULAKESI II (C.610-642 A.D.): Pulakesi II ascended the throne in C.610 A. D., and he has been rightly regarded as the ablest monarch in the Chalukyan line. ... Eastern Chalukyas were a South Indian dynasty whose kingdom was located in the present day Andhra Pradesh. ... The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ... // Vengi dynasties Vengi kingdom extended from River Godavari in the north to Mount MahendraGiri in the southeast and to just below the southern banks of River Krishna in the south. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ... The Rashtrakutas were a dynasty which ruled the Deccan during the 8th-10th centuries. ... (7th century — 8th century — 9th century — other centuries) Events The Iberian peninsula is taken by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost 8 centuries of Muslim presence there. ... The Western Chalukyas ruled the western Deccan in South India between the tenth and the thirteenth centuries CE. They were related to the Chalukya dynasty of Badami who were a powerful dynasty who reigned over most of the Deccan between the seventh and the eight centuries. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ... Basavakalyan is a town in Bidar District of the state of Karnataka, India. ...

The rise of the Chalukyas marks an important milestone in the history of South India and a golden age in the history of Karnataka. The political atmosphere in South India shifted from smaller kingdoms to large empires with the rise of Badami Chalukyas. For the first time in history, a South Indian kingdom took control and consolidated the entire region between the Kaveri and the Narmada rivers. The rise of this empire also saw the birth of efficient administration, rise in overseas trade and commerce and the development of new style of architecture called Vesara. Around the 9th century, it also saw the growth of Kannada as a language of literature in the Jaina Puranas, Veerashaiva Vachanas and Brahminical traditions. The 11th century saw the birth of Telugu literature under the patronage of the Eastern Chalukyas. South India is a linguistic-cultural region of India that comprises the four Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Pondicherry, whose inhabitants are collectively referred to as South Indians. ... Karnātakā   (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ) (IPA: ) is one of the four southern states of India. ... The Cauvery (sometimes written as Kaveri) is one of the major rivers of southern India. ... The Narmada or Nerbudda is a river in central India. ... Vesara is a type of Indian architecture primarily used in temples. ... As a means of recording the passage of time the 9th century was that century that lasted from 801 to 900. ... Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ ) is one of the major Dravidian languages of southern India and one of the oldest languages in India. ... JAIN is an activity within the Java Community Process, developing APIs for the creation of telephony (voice and data) services. ... Purana (Sanskrit: , meaning tales of ancient times) is the name of an ancient Indian genre (or a group of related genres) of Hindu or Jain literature (as distinct from oral tradition). ... Virasaivism is a religious movement of Hinduism in India. ... Vachanas are a form of Kannada poetry and, according to the 20th century scholars, closely linked to the social revolution lead by Basaveshvara, Allama Prabhu and Akka Mahadevi. ... A Brahmin (anglicised from the Sanskrit word IAST ; Devanagari ), also known as Vipra, Dvija, Dvijottama (best of the Dvijas), (god on Earth) is a member of an upper caste within Hindu society. ... Telugu literature is the literature of the Telugu people, an ethnic group based in southern India. ...

Origin of Chalukyas

Natives of Karnataka

Old Kannada inscription, Virupaksha Temple, Pattadakal, 745

While opinions vary regarding the origins of the Chalukyas, the consensus is that they were native to the Karnataka region.^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]} According to one theory , the Chalukya were descendants of the "Seleukia" tribe of Iraq and that their conflict with the Pallava of Kanchi was, but a continuation of the conflict between ancient Seleukia and "Parthians", the proposed ancestors of Pallavas. However, this theory has been rejected as it seeks build lineages based simply on similar sounding clan names.^[9] Another theory that they were descendants of a chieftain called Kandachaliki Remmanaka, a feudatory of the Andhra Ikshvaku (from an Ikshvaku inscription of 2nd century) was put forward but this has failed to explain the difference in lineage. The Kandachaliki feudatory call themselves Vashisthiputras of the Hiranyakagotra where as Chalukya inscriptions address themselves as Harithiputras of Manavyasagotra, which incidentally is the same as their early overlords, the Kadambas of Banavasi. This makes them descendants of the Kadambas. The Chalukyas took control of the territory formerly ruled by the Kadambas.^[10] Image File history File links Badami_Chalukya_Kannada_Inscription. ... Image File history File links Badami_Chalukya_Kannada_Inscription. ... Kannada - aptly described as sirigannada (known to few as Kanarese) is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. ... Pattadakal is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka famous for its group of monuments that comprise of initial experiments in Hindu temple architecture. ... Events Births November 10 - Musa al-Kazim, Shia Imam (d. ... Karnātakā   (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ) (IPA: ) is one of the four southern states of India. ... ... The Pallava kingdom (Tamil: பல்லவர்) was an ancient South Indian kingdom. ... Reproduction of a Parthian warrior as depicted on Trajans Column The Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BCE and 224 CE. Origins Bust of Parthian soldier, Esgh-abad Museum, Turkmenia. ... The Pallavas were hereditary Hindu rulers who dominated southeastern India between the 4th and 9th centuries. ... Ikshvaku Ikshu (Sea of sugar cane) Ikshvaku (Son of Manu and father of Kukshi; the founder of the Suryavanshi dynasty, reigning at Ayodhya at the commencement of the Treta Yuga. ... Kadambas was an ancient royal dynasty of Karnataka, who ruled from their capital of Banavasi from (345-525AD) later branched into Goa, Hanagal and Chandavar. ...

Another record of Eastern Chalukyas conforms to the northern origin theory and claims one ruler of Ayodhya came south, defeated the Pallavas and married a Pallava princess. She had a child called Vijayaditya who is claimed to be the Pulakesi I's father. However, there is inscriptional evidence that the father of Pulakesi I was Ranaranga.^[11][12] While the northern origin theory has been dismissed by many historians, it is suggested that a southern migration is a distinct possibility which needs examination.^[13] The complete absence of any reference to their family connections to Ayodhya in the Badami Chalukya inscriptions and their subsequent Kannadiga identity may have been due to their earlier migration into present day Karnataka region where they achieved success as chieftains and kings. Hence, the place of origin of their ancestors may have been of no significance to the kings of the Badami Chalukya empire who may have considered themselves natives of the Kannada speaking region.^[14] There is controversy even regarding the caste to which the early Chalukyas belonged. Evidence in the writings of 12th century Kashmiri poet Bilhana suggests the Chalukya family belonged to the Shudra caste while other sources claim they were of Kshatriya caste.^[15] Pulakesi I (543 – 566 C.E.) established the Chalukya dynasty in then western Deccan and his descendents ruled over an empire that comprised of the entire state of Karnataka and most of Andhra Pradesh. ... Ayodhya   (Hindi: अयोध्या, Urdu: ایودھیا IAST Ayodhyā) is an ancient city of India, the old capital of Awadh, in the Faizabad district of Uttar Pradesh. ... Shudra (IAST: ) is the fourth Varna in the traditional four-section division in historic Hindu society. ... For the Bollywood film of the same name see Kshatriya Kshatriya (Hindi: , from Sanskrit: , ) was the title of the princely and military order in the Vedic society. ...

The Chalukya inscriptions are in Kannada and Sanskrit.^[16][17] Their inscriptions call them Karnatas and their names use indigenous Kannada titles such as Priyagallam and Noduttagelvom. The names of some Chalukya kings end with the pure Kannada term arasa (meaning "king" or "chief").^[18][19] The Rashtrakuta inscriptions speak of Chalukyas of Badami as Karnataka Bala (Power of Karnataka). Scholars have proposed that the word Chalukya originated from Salki or Chalki which is a Kannada word for an agricultural implement.^[20][21] Kannada - aptly described as sirigannada (known to few as Kanarese) is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. ... The Sanskrit language ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... Jain cave in Ellora The Rastrakutas (Sanskrit/Maharashtri Prakrit [1]/Marathi[2][3]:राष्ट्रकूट, Kannada: ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟ) were a dynasty which ruled the southern and the central parts or the Deccan, India during the 8th - 10th century. ...

Sources of history

Inscriptions are the main source of information about the Badami Chalukya history. Important among them, the Badami cave inscriptions (578) of Mangalesa, Kappe Arabhatta record of 700, Peddavaduguru inscription of Pulakesi II, the Kanchi Kailasanatha inscription and Pattadakal Virupaksha Temple inscriptions of Vikramaditya II all in Kannada provide more evidence of the Chalukya language.^[22][23] The earliest inscription of the Badami cliff dated 543 of Pulakesi I, the Mahakuta Pillar inscription (595) of Mangalesa and the Aihole inscription dated 634 of Pulakesi II are examples of Sanskrit inscriptions written in old Kannada script.^{[24][25][26][27]} The reign of the Chalukyas saw the arrival of Kannada as the predominant language of inscriptions along with Sanskrit, in areas of the Indian peninsula outside what is known as Tamilaham (Tamil country).^[28] Several coins of the early Chalukyas with Kannada legends have been found indicating usage of Kannada at the highest administrative levels.^[29] Inscriptions of the Chalukyas have been translated and recorded by historians of the Archaeological Survey of India.^[30][31] Badami Cave Temple No 3. ... Events Tiberius II Constantine succeeds Justin II as Byzantine Emperor Births Deaths July 30 - Jacob Baradaeus, bishop of Edessa October 5 - Justin II, Roman emperor Northern Zhou Wu Di, Chinese ruler John Malalas, Byzantine chronicler Categories: 578 ... Kappe Arabhatta (Kannada:ಕಪ್ಪೆ ಆರಭಟ್ಟ) was a Kannada poet of 7th century, and is famous for his inscription written in 700 CE during Chalukyas rule in Badami. ... // Events Saint Adamnan convinces 51 kings to adopt Cáin Adomnáin defining the relationship between women and priests. ... PULAKESI II (C.610-642 A.D.): Pulakesi II ascended the throne in C.610 A. D., and he has been rightly regarded as the ablest monarch in the Chalukyan line. ... Kanchipuram, Kanchi, or Kancheepuram (also sometimes Conjeevaram) is the name of a temple town and the headquarters of Kanchipuram district in Tamil Nadu, India. ... Pattadakal is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka famous for its group of monuments that comprise of initial experiments in Hindu temple architecture. ... Vikaramaditya II was a son of Vijayaditya. ... Kannada - aptly described as sirigannada (known to few as Kanarese) is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. ... Events The doctrine of apocatastasis is condemned by the Synod of Constantinople. ... Mahakuta Pillar (Kannada: ಮಹಾಕೂಟ ಸ್ತಂಭ) in the town of Mahakuta in present day Bagalkot district of Karnataka state is the source of an important Badami Chalukya inscription called Mahakuta pillar inscription ascribed to king Mangalesa, second son of Pulakesi I. It is made of fine grained sandstone. ... Events The first mention of the state of Karantania on monuments. ... Mangalesa ( C.596 – 610 C. E.) succeeded Kirtivarman I to the Chalukya throne. ... Aihole (Kannada ಐಹೊಳೆ)is in the Bagalkot district of Karnataka, India. ... Events The Arabs invade Palestine. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... The ancient Tamil country refers to the areas of South India and the northeastern Sri Lanka in which Tamil was the major language during ancient times. ...

Portrait of Hiuen Tsiang

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (250x698, 27 KB) A depiction of the Chinese monk Xuanzang on his journey to India. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (250x698, 27 KB) A depiction of the Chinese monk Xuanzang on his journey to India. ... A portrait of Xuanzang Xuanzang (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hsüan-tsang; CantoneseIPA: jyn4tsɔŋ1; CantoneseJyutping: jyun4zong1) (602-644/664) was a famous Chinese Buddhist monk. ...

Foreign notes

Hiuen-Tsiang, a Chinese traveller had visited the court of Pulakesi II. At the time of this visit, as mentioned in the Aihole record, Pulakesi II had divided his empire into three Maharashtrakas or great provinces comprising of 99,000 villages each. This empire possibly covered present day Karnataka, Maharashtra and coastal Konkan.^[32][33][34] Hiuen-Tsang, impressed with the governance of the empire observed that the benefits of king's efficient administration was felt far and wide. Later, Persian emperor Khosrau II exchanged ambassadors with Pulakesi II.^[35] A portrait of Xuanzang Xuanzang (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hsüan-tsang; CantoneseIPA: jyn4tsɔŋ1; CantoneseJyutping: jyun4zong1) (602-644/664) was a famous Chinese Buddhist monk. ... PULAKESI II (C.610-642 A.D.): Pulakesi II ascended the throne in C.610 A. D., and he has been rightly regarded as the ablest monarch in the Chalukyan line. ... Aihole (Kannada ಐಹೊಳೆ)is in the Bagalkot district of Karnataka, India. ... Karnātakā   (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ) (IPA: ) is one of the four southern states of India. ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA:  , English: ) is Indias third largest state in terms of area and second largest in terms of population after Uttar Pradesh. ... A typical view of the Konkan, consisting of white-sand beaches and palm trees (mostly coconut and betel nut). ... Gold coin of Khosrau II. Silver coin of Khosrau II, dating to ca. ...

Legends

Vidyapati Bilhana, the famous poet in the court of Vikramaditya VI of the Western Chalukya dynasty of Kalyana, mentions a legend in his work, Vikramankadeva Charita: Bilhana Kavi was an 11th Century Kashmiri poet. ... Vikramaditya VI was a king of the Kalyani Chalukya clan. ... The Western Chalukyas (973 - 1200) also known as Kalyani Chalukya or Later Chalukya ruled the western Deccan in South India between the tenth and the thirteenth centuries CE. They were related to the Chalukya dynasty of Badami who were a powerful dynasty who reigned over most of the Deccan between...

Indra once requested Brahma to create a hero who would put an end to Godlessness in the world and punish the wicked. Agreeing to his request, Brahma looked into his Chuluka (hollow of the hands) while performing the Sandhya, and lo! From there sprang a mighty warrior. He was called "Chalukya" and he became the eponymous ancestor of the line. In it were born two great heroes, Harita and Manavya who raised the Chalukyas into distinct position. This story is repeated and elaborated in the Ramastipundi grant of Vimaladitya of the Eastern Chalukya family.

Another legend in the Handarike inscription of Vikramaditya VI claims that the Chalukyas were born in the interior of the Chuluka (hollow of the palm) of the sage Haritipanchashikhi when he was pouring out libations to the Gods. The Chalukyas claimed to have been nursed by the Sapta Matrikas (the seven divine mothers). It was a popular practice to link South Indian royal family lineage to a Northern kingdom in ancient times.^[36] Indra (Sanskrit: इन्द्र or इंद्र, indra) is the god of weather and war, and lord of Svargaloka in Hinduism. ... Brahma (IAST: Brahmā) (Devanagari ब्रह्मा, pronounced as ) is the Hindu god (deva) of creation, and one of the Hindu Trinity - Trimurti, the others being Vishnu and Shiva. ... Sandhya is a South Indian actress renowned for her expressive face. ... Eastern Chalukyas were a South Indian dynasty whose kingdom was located in the present day Andhra Pradesh. ...

According to a Western Chalukya inscription of Vikramaditya VI, the Chalukyas originally hailed from Ayodhya where fifty-nine kings, and later sixteen more, of this family ruled from Dakshinapatha (South India) where they had migrated.^[37][38] Ayodhya   (Hindi: अयोध्या, Urdu: ایودھیا IAST Ayodhyā) is an ancient city of India, the old capital of Awadh, in the Faizabad district of Uttar Pradesh. ...

Periods in Chalukya history

The Chalukyas ruled over the central Indian plateau of Deccan for over 600 years. During this period, they ruled as three closely related, but individual dynasties. These are the Chalukyas of Badami, who ruled between the 6th and the 8th century, and the two sibling dynasties of Chalukyas of Kalyani or the Western Chalukyas and the Chalukyas of Vengi or the Eastern Chalukyas.^[39][40] Events The doctrine of apocatastasis is condemned by the Synod of Constantinople. ... Events Synod of Constantinople called by Emperor Constantine V. Samarkand conquered by Arabs. ... Pulakesi I (543 – 566 C.E.) established the Chalukya dynasty in then western Deccan and his descendents ruled over an empire that comprised of the entire state of Karnataka and most of Andhra Pradesh. ... Events The doctrine of apocatastasis is condemned by the Synod of Constantinople. ... Events Births Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, uncle of Muhammad Deaths Chen Wen Di, Chinese ruler of the Chen Dynasty Theodosius I, Patriarch of Alexandria. ... Kirtivarman I (566 – 597) succeeded Pulakesi I as the ruler of the Chalukya Dynasty. ... Events Births Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, uncle of Muhammad Deaths Chen Wen Di, Chinese ruler of the Chen Dynasty Theodosius I, Patriarch of Alexandria. ... Events Saint Augustine is created Archbishop of Canterbury. ... Mangalesa ( C.596 – 610 C. E.) succeeded Kirtivarman I to the Chalukya throne. ... Events Saint Augustine is created Archbishop of Canterbury. ... Events The Pantheon is consecrated to the Virgin Mary and all saints (or 610). ... PULAKESI II (C.610-642 A.D.): Pulakesi II ascended the throne in C.610 A. D., and he has been rightly regarded as the ablest monarch in the Chalukyan line. ... Events The Pantheon is consecrated to the Virgin Mary and all saints (or 610). ... Events August 5 - In the Battle of Maserfield, Penda king of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald, king of Bernicia. ... Vikramaditya I (655 – 680 C.E.) followed his father, Pulakesi II on to the Chalukya throne. ... Events November 15 - Northumbrian king Oswiu defeats the pagan Mercian king Penda in the Battle of Winwaed Empress Saimei ascends to the throne of Japan. ... Events October 10 - Battle of Kerbela November 12 - The Sixth Ecumenical Council opens in Constantinople The Bulgars subjugate the country of current-day Bulgaria Pippin of Herstal becomes Mayor of the Palace Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I succeeded by Yazid I ibn Muawiyah Erwig deposes Wamba to become king of the... Vinayaditya ((680 – 696 C.E.) followed his father, Vikramaditya I on to the Chalukya throne. ... Events October 10 - Battle of Kerbela November 12 - The Sixth Ecumenical Council opens in Constantinople The Bulgars subjugate the country of current-day Bulgaria Pippin of Herstal becomes Mayor of the Palace Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I succeeded by Yazid I ibn Muawiyah Erwig deposes Wamba to become king of the... Events Births Deaths Categories: 696 ... Vijayaditya ((696 – 733 C.E.) followed his father, Vikramaditya I on to the Chalukya throne. ... Events Births Deaths Categories: 696 ... Events Births Emperor Junnin of Japan Deaths Categories: 733 ... Vikaramaditya II was a son of Vijayaditya. ... Events Births Emperor Junnin of Japan Deaths Categories: 733 ... Events Swithred succeeds Saelred as king of Essex. ... Kirtivarman II (746 – 753 C.E.) was the last ruler in the Badami Chalukya dynasty. ... Events Swithred succeeds Saelred as king of Essex. ... Events Synod of Constantinople called by Emperor Constantine V. Samarkand conquered by Arabs. ... Dantidurga was the founder of the dynasty called Rashtrakutas. ... Jain cave in Ellora The Rastrakutas (Sanskrit/Maharashtri Prakrit [1]/Marathi[2][3]:राष्ट्रकूट, Kannada: ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟ) were a dynasty which ruled the southern and the central parts or the Deccan, India during the 8th - 10th century. ... Events Abkhazia becomes independent, and will remain such until the 15th century Births Alcuin, missionary and bishop (approximate date) Deaths May 25 - Bede, English Historian and monk Categories: 735 ... Events Abd-ar-rahman I conquers Iberia and establishes a new Umayyad dynasty. ... The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ... The 6th century is the period from 501 - 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... (7th century — 8th century — 9th century — other centuries) Events The Iberian peninsula is taken by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost 8 centuries of Muslim presence there. ... The Western Chalukyas ruled the western Deccan in South India between the tenth and the thirteenth centuries CE. They were related to the Chalukya dynasty of Badami who were a powerful dynasty who reigned over most of the Deccan between the seventh and the eight centuries. ... Eastern Chalukyas were a South Indian dynasty whose kingdom was located in the present day Andhra Pradesh. ...

Chalukyas of Badami

In the 6th century, with the decline of the Gupta dynasty and their immediate successors in northern India, major changes began to happen in the area south of the Vindyas— the Deccan and Tamilaham. The age of small kingdoms had given way to large empires in this region.^[41] The Chalukya dynasty was established by Pulakesi I in 550.^[42][43] Pulakesi I took Vatapi (Badami in Bagalkot district, Karnataka) under his control and made it his capital. Pulakesi I and his descendants are referred to as Chalukyas of Badami. They ruled over an empire that comprised the entire state of Karnataka and most of Andhra Pradesh in the Deccan. Pulakesi II whose precoronation name was Ereya was perhaps the greatest emperor of the Badami Chalukyas.^[44] Also known as Immadi Pulakesi, he is considered one of the great kings in Indian history.^[45][46][47] His queen was Kadamba Devi, a princess from the dynasty of Alupas. They maintained close family and marital relationship with the Alupas of South Canara and the Gangas of Talakad. Pulakesi II extended the Chalukya Empire up to the northern extents of the Pallava kingdom and halted the southward march of Harsha by defeating him on the banks of the river Narmada. He then defeated the Vishnukundins in the southeastern Deccan. Pallava Narasimhavarman however reversed this victory by attacking and occupying the Chalukya capital Vatapi (Badami) temporarily. The Gupta dynasty ruled the Gupta Empire of India, from around 320 to 550. ... The Vindhya range The Vindhya Range is a range of hills in central India, which geographically separates The Indian subcontinent into northern India (the Indo-Gangetic plain) and Southern India. ... (Tamil தமிழகம்) is a Tamil word meaning the Tamil country or the Tamil home. ... Pulakesi I (543 – 566 C.E.) established the Chalukya dynasty in then western Deccan and his descendents ruled over an empire that comprised of the entire state of Karnataka and most of Andhra Pradesh. ... Events By Place Byzantine Empire Silk reaches Constantinople (approximate date). ... Badami Cave Temple No 3. ... Bagalkot is an administrative district in the state of Karnataka in India. ... Karnātakā   (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ) (IPA: ) is one of the four southern states of India. ... Karnātakā   (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ) (IPA: ) is one of the four southern states of India. ... , Andhra Pradesh (Telugu: , Urdu: ; pronunciation: ), the Rice Bowl of India, is a state in southern India. ... The Alupas kings (Kannada: ಆಲೂಪರು)(450 - 1400 C.E.) were a minor dynasty who ruled parts of coastal Karnataka as feudatories of all the major kingdoms of Karnataka starting with the Kadambas until the reign of the Vijayanagar empire. ... The Alupas kings (Kannada: ಆಲೂಪರು)(450 - 1400 C.E.) were a minor dynasty who ruled parts of coastal Karnataka as feudatories of all the major kingdoms of Karnataka starting with the Kadambas until the reign of the Vijayanagar empire. ... Dakshina Kannada, also called South Kannada, South Kanara, or South Canara, is a district of Indias Karnataka state. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Talakad is a scenic and spiritual center located in Mysore district, near T. Narasipura. ... The Pallava kingdom (Tamil: பல்லவர்) was an ancient South Indian kingdom. ... Harsha or Harshavardhana (606-648) was an Indian emperor who ruled northern India as paramount monarch for over forty years. ... The Narmada or Nerbudda is a river in central India. ... Vishnu (one who pervades in everything) + Kundina (Kaundinya gotra). ... This article belongs in one or more categories. ... Badami Cave Temple No 3. ...

The Badami Chalukya dynasty went in to a brief decline following the death of Pulakesi II due to internal feuds. It recovered during the reign of Vikramaditya I, who succeeded in pushing the Pallavas out of Badami and restoring order to the empire. The empire reached a peak during the rule of the illustrious Vikramaditya II who defeated the Pallava Nandivarman II and captured Kanchipuram. The last Badami Chalukya king Kirtivarman I was overthrown by the Rashtrakuta Dantidurga in 753. At their peak they ruled a vast empire stretching from the Kaveri to the Narmada. Vikramaditya I (655 – 680 C.E.) followed his father, Pulakesi II on to the Chalukya throne. ... Vikaramaditya II was a son of Vijayaditya. ... Nandivarman II (Pallavamalla) (732 - 796 CE) was a Pallava ruler who ruled in South India. ... , Kanchipuram, Kanchi, or Kancheepuram (also sometimes Conjeevaram) is a city and a municipality in Kancheepuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. ... Kirtivarman I (566 – 597) succeeded Pulakesi I as the ruler of the Chalukya Dynasty. ... Jain cave in Ellora The Rastrakutas (Sanskrit/Maharashtri Prakrit [1]/Marathi[2][3]:राष्ट्रकूट, Kannada: ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟ) were a dynasty which ruled the southern and the central parts or the Deccan, India during the 8th - 10th century. ... Dantidurga was the founder of the dynasty called Rashtrakutas. ... Events Synod of Constantinople called by Emperor Constantine V. Samarkand conquered by Arabs. ... The Cauvery (sometimes written as Kaveri) is one of the major rivers of southern India. ... The Narmada or Nerbudda is a river in central India. ...

Chalukyas of Kalyani

Main article: Western Chalukyas

The Chalukyas revived their fortunes in 973 after over 200 years of dormancy when much of the Deccan was under the Rashtrakutas. While the popular theory is that the Kalyani Chalukyas belonged to the Badami Chalukya line,^[48] objections have been raised by some historians indicating they may have been unrelated to the Early Chalukya family.^[49] However, it has also been noticed that the Badami Chalukyas had titles like Satyashraya, which is also the name of a Kalyani Chalukya prince and that they used titles ending with Yuddamalla, Rajamalla which was seen commonly in other Chalukya families of the area.^[50] Irrespective of their exact origin, the reign of the Kalyani Chalukyas was a golden age in Kannada literature.^[51] Tailapa II, a Rashtrakuta feudatory ruling from Tardavadi-1000 (Bijapur district) overthrew Karka II and re-established the Chalukyan kingdom and recovered most of the Chalukya empire.^[52] This dynasty came to be known as the Western Chalukya dynasty or Later Chalukya dynasty. The Western Chalukyas ruled the western Deccan in South India between the tenth and the thirteenth centuries CE. They were related to the Chalukya dynasty of Badami who were a powerful dynasty who reigned over most of the Deccan between the seventh and the eight centuries. ... Hoysala Empire architecture in Belur The recorded history of Karnataka goes back more than two millenia. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 312 × 335 pixelsFull resolution (312 × 335 pixel, file size: 95 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Karnataka Bangalore Hoysala Empire Kalburgi Hubballi... Karnataka is an Indian state. ...  Extent of Kadamba Empire, 500 CE Capital Banavasi Language(s) Sanskrit, Kannada Religion Hindu Government Monarchy King  - 345 - 365 Mayurasharma Krishna Varma II History  - Earliest Kadamba records 450  - Established 345  - Disestablished 525 Kadamba Dynasty (Kannada:ಕದಂಬರು) (345 - 525 CE) were an ancient royal dynasty of Karnataka that ruled from their capital... The Gangas of Talakad, like the Kadambas of Banavasi, rose to political eminence in the middle of the fourth century A.D., and ruled over the southern parts of Karnataka, in southern India. ... Jain cave in Ellora The Rastrakutas (Sanskrit:राष्ट्रकूट, Kannada: ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟ) were a dynasty which ruled the southern and the central parts or the Deccan, India during the 8th - 10th century. ... Extent of Western Chalukya Empire, 1121 CE Capital Manyakheta, Basavakalyan Language(s) Kannada Religion Hindu Government Monarchy King  - 957 – 997 Tailapa II  - 1184 – 1189 Somesvara IV History  - Earliest records 957  - Established 973  - Disestablished 1189 The Western Chalukya Empire (Kannada:ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ) ruled most of the western deccan, South India, between the 10th... The Hoysala Empire ruled part of southern India from 1000 to 1346. ... The Vijayanagara empire was based in the Deccan, in peninsular and southern India, from 1336 onwards. ... Bijapur is a district in the Indian state of Karnataka. ... Kadamba tower at Doddagaddavalli The political history of medieval Karnataka spans the 4th to the 16th centuries CE, when the empires that evolved in the Karnataka region of India made a lasting impact on subcontinent. ... The Kingdom of Mysore was a kingdom of southern India, which was founded about 1400 by the Wodeyar dynasty, who ruled the state until Indian independence in 1947, when the kingdom became Mysore state of India, later renamed Karnataka. ... During the period of British rule, the Indian state of Karnataka as it stands today did not exist. ... Events Edgar of England is crowned king by Saint Dunstan Births September 15 - Al_Biruni, mathematician († 1048) Abu al-Ala al-Maarri, poet Deaths May 7 - Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Categories: 973 ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Tailapa II (973 – 997 CE) (Nurmadi Taliapa) re-established the Chalukya dynasty after a period of 220 years during which they had been in eclipse. ... Bijapur (Kannada: ವಿಜಾಪುರ) is a district in the state of Karnataka in southern India. ... Karka II (972 - 973) C.E. Karka II did not survive for long during this time of confusion when Chalukya Tailapa II declared independence. ... The Western Chalukyas ruled the western Deccan in South India between the tenth and the thirteenth centuries CE. They were related to the Chalukya dynasty of Badami who were a powerful dynasty who reigned over most of the Deccan between the seventh and the eight centuries. ...

The Western Chalukyas ruled for another 200 years and were in constant conflict with the Cholas and their cousins the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi. Vikramaditya VI is widely considered the greatest ruler of the dynasty. His fifty year reign is called Chalukya Vikrama Era.^[53][54][55] The Western Chalukyas went into their final dissolution c.1180 with the rise of the Hoysalas, Kakatiya and Seuna. The Cholas were a South Indian Tamil dynasty, antedating the early Sangam literature (c. ... Eastern Chalukyas were a South Indian dynasty whose kingdom was located in the present day Andhra Pradesh. ... Vikramaditya VI was a king of the Kalyani Chalukya clan. ... Events April 13 - Frederick Barbarossa issues the Gelnhausen Charter November 18 - France Emperor Antoku succeds Emperor Takakura as emperor of Japan Afonso I of Portugal is taken prisoner by Ferdinand II of Leon Artois is annexed by France Prince Mochihito amasses a large army and instigates the Genpei War between... The Hoysala Empire ruled part of southern India from 1000 to 1346. ... The Kakatiya dynasty was a South Indian dynasty that ruled parts of what is now Andhra Pradesh, India from 1083 to 1323. ... The Seuna dynasty (850 - 1334), also called the Sevuna or Yadava dynasty during their peak ruled present day Maharashtra, north Karnataka and parts of Madhya Pradesh from their regal capital at Devgiri (Daulatabad) in Maharashtra. ...

Eastern Chalukyas

Main article: Eastern Chalukyas

Pulakesi II (608 – 644) conquered the eastern Deccan, corresponding to the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh in 616, defeating the remnants of the Vishnukundina kingdom. He appointed his brother Kubja Vishnuvardhana as Viceroy.^[56] On the death of Pulakesi II, the Vengi Viceroyalty developed into an independent kingdom. Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi outlived the main Vatapi dynasty by many generations. A claim has been made that the Eastern Chalukyas were originally of Kannada descent^[57] and another that they were Maratha Kshatriyas.^[58] Initially they encouraged Kannada language and literature though after a period of time local factors took over and they gave importance to Telugu language.^[59][60] Telugu literature owes its growth to the Eastern Chalukyas.^[61] Eastern Chalukyas were a South Indian dynasty whose kingdom was located in the present day Andhra Pradesh. ... PULAKESI II (C.610-642 A.D.): Pulakesi II ascended the throne in C.610 A. D., and he has been rightly regarded as the ablest monarch in the Chalukyan line. ... Events September 15 - Boniface IV becomes pope. ... The Tang dynasty of China begins invasion of Koguryo. ... The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ... , Andhra Pradesh (Telugu: , Urdu: ; pronunciation: ), the Rice Bowl of India, is a state in southern India. ... Events Eadbald succeeds Ethelbert as king of Kent. ... Vishnukundina By 514 AD. The Vakataka empire was reduced to areas of present day Telengana area. ... Kubja Vishnuvardhana (624 – 641 C.E.) was the brother of Chalukya Pulakesi II. Vishnuvardhana ruled the Vengi territories in the eastern Andhra Pradesh as the viceroy under Pulakesi II from around 615 CE. Eventually Vishnuvardhana declared his independence and started the Eastern Chalukya dynasty (c. ... The town of Vatapi, better-known today as Badami, is located at the foot of a rugged, red sandstone outcrop that surrounds Agastyatirth water reservoir - an artificial lake - on three sides. ... Telugu (తెలుగు) is a Dravidian language primarily spoken in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, where it is the official language. ...

Art and Architecture

Mallikarjuna and Kashi Vishwanatha Temples, Pattadakal, built 745

Dancing Shiva in Badami

The period of Badami Chalukya dynasty saw art flourish in South India. It brought about some important developments in the realm of culture, particularly in the evolution and proliferation of a new style of architecture known as Vesara, a combination of the South Indian and the North Indian building styles. Sage Bharata's dance Natyasastra was in an advanced state of development.^[62] One of the richest traditions in Indian architecture took shape in the Deccan during this time and is called as Karnata Dravida style as opposed to traditional Dravida style.^[63] The Vesara style influenced the Eastern Chalukyas. This is evidenced by the presence of similar style temples in Alampur in Kurnool district of present day Andhra Pradesh.^[64] The Kalyani Chalukyas further refined the Vesara style with an inclination towards Dravidian concepts, especially in the sculptures. They built fine monuments in the Tungabhadra - Krishna river doab in present day Karnataka.
Image File history File links Pattadakal_templepair. ... Image File history File links Pattadakal_templepair. ... Pattadakal is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka famous for its group of monuments that comprise of initial experiments in Hindu temple architecture. ... Events Births November 10 - Musa al-Kazim, Shia Imam (d. ... taken during a trip to Badami This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... taken during a trip to Badami This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Vesara is a type of Indian architecture primarily used in temples. ... Alampur is a town and a nagar panchayat in Bhind district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. ... Kurnool District is a district in Andhra Pradesh. ... , Andhra Pradesh (Telugu: , Urdu: ; pronunciation: ), the Rice Bowl of India, is a state in southern India. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Tungabhadra is a river of southern India. ... Krishna in Vijayawada in 2007 The River Krishna (meaning dark (feminine) in Sanskrit, also called the Krishnaveni, is one of the longest rivers of India (about 1300 km in length). ...

Badami Chalukyas

The most enduring legacy of the Chalukya dynasty is the architecture and art that they left behind. More than one hundred and fifty monuments attributed to the Badami Chalukya, and built between 450 and 700, remain in the Malaprabha basin in Karnataka.^[65] Events August 25 - Marcian proclaimed Eastern Roman Emperor by Aspar and Pulcheria. ... // Events Saint Adamnan convinces 51 kings to adopt Cáin Adomnáin defining the relationship between women and priests. ... Malaprabha is a river flowing through the Indian state of Karnataka. ... Karnātakā   (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ) (IPA: ) is one of the four southern states of India. ...

The rock-cut temples of Pattadakal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Badami and Aihole are their most celebrated monuments. Two of the famous paintings at Ajanta cave no. 1, "The Temptation of the Buddha" and "The Persian Embassy" are attributed to them.^[66][67] This is the beginning of Chalukya style of architecture and a consolidation of South Indian style. Pattadakal is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka famous for its group of monuments that comprise of initial experiments in Hindu temple architecture. ... UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State... Badami Cave Temple No 3. ... Aihole (Kannada ಐಹೊಳೆ)is in the Bagalkot district of Karnataka, India. ... Ajanta takes the name after the village Ajinţhā in Aurangabad district in the state of Maharashtra(N. lat. ...

In Aihole, the Durga temple (6th century), Ladh Khan temple (450), Meguti temple (634), Hucchimalli and Huccappayya temples (5th century), Badami Cave Temples (600) are examples of early Chalukyan art. The majestic temples at Pattadakal were commissioned by Vikramaditya II (740). Here the Virupakshaand Mallikarjuna (740), Sangameswara (725) and a Jain temple are in the Dravidian style while Jambulinga, Kasivisweswara and Galaganatha (740) are in the Northern nagara style. The Papanatha (680) temple shows an attempt to combine the Northern and Southern styles. The 6th century is the period from 501 - 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... Events August 25 - Marcian proclaimed Eastern Roman Emperor by Aspar and Pulcheria. ... Events The Arabs invade Palestine. ... Europe in 450 The 5th century is the period from 401 - 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... Badami Cave One dedicated to Shiva The Badami Cave Temples, an example of Indian rock-cut architecture, are at Badami, a town in the Bagalkot District in the north part of Karnataka, India. ... The population of the Earth rises to about 208 million people. ... Vikaramaditya II was a son of Vijayaditya. ... Events October 26 - An earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death. ... Events Births Deaths Wihtred, king of Kent Categories: 725 ... JAIN is an activity within the Java Community Process, developing APIs for the creation of telephony (voice and data) services. ... Events October 10 - Battle of Kerbela November 12 - The Sixth Ecumenical Council opens in Constantinople The Bulgars subjugate the country of current-day Bulgaria Pippin of Herstal becomes Mayor of the Palace Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I succeeded by Yazid I ibn Muawiyah Erwig deposes Wamba to become king of the...

According to some art critics, the Badami Chalukya style is a "prayaga" or confluence of formal trends of architecture, the dravida and nagara. The temples were a result of religious enthusiasm and intensity of purpose.^[68]

See also: Badami Chalukya Architecture, Pattadakal, Badami, and Aihole

Virupaksha temple(dravidian) (740 C.E. Pattadakal Sangameshvara temple (dravidian) (725 C.E. Pattadakal Galaganatha temple (rekhanagara) (680 C.E. Pattadakal The Badami Chalukya Architecture was a temple building idiom that evolved in the time period of 5th. ... Pattadakal is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka famous for its group of monuments that comprise of initial experiments in Hindu temple architecture. ... Badami Cave Temple No 3. ... Aihole (Kannada ಐಹೊಳೆ)is in the Bagalkot district of Karnataka, India. ...

Literature

Hindu Cave No.3, Badami, 578

The rule of the Chalukyas is a major event in the history of Kannada and Telugu languages. During this time, writing epic narratives and poetry in Sanskrit was very popular. However, during the 9th - 10th century, Kannada language had already seen some of its greatest writers. The three gems of Kannada literature, Adikavi Pampa, Sri Ponna and Ranna belonged to this period.^[69] In the 11th century, Telugu literature was born under the patronage of the Eastern Chalukyas with Nannaya Bhatta as its first writer. Famous writers in Sanskrit from this period were Vijnaneshwara who achieved fame by writing Mitakshara a book on Hindu law. Somesvara III was a great scholar and king compiled an encyclopedia of all arts and sciences called Manasollasa.^[70]
Image File history File links Badami_Narasimha_cave3. ... Image File history File links Badami_Narasimha_cave3. ... Badami Cave Temple No 3. ... Events Tiberius II Constantine succeeds Justin II as Byzantine Emperor Births Deaths July 30 - Jacob Baradaeus, bishop of Edessa October 5 - Justin II, Roman emperor Northern Zhou Wu Di, Chinese ruler John Malalas, Byzantine chronicler Categories: 578 ... Kannada - aptly described as sirigannada (known to few as Kanarese) is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. ... As a means of recording the passage of time the 9th century was that century that lasted from 801 to 900. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Pampa born in 902 C.E., also known as Adikavi Pampa, is one of the greatest Kannada poets of all time. ... Sri Ponna was the poet royal in the court of Rashtrakuta king Krishna II. Some sources say he was in the court of Krishna III though the former seems more reliable. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Necromancer_bells. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ... Vijnaneshwara was a prominent jurist of 12th century India. ... The Mitakshara is a legal treatise on inheritance, written by Vijnaneshwara in the 12th century. ... Somesvara III (1126 - 1138) C.E. was the next Chalukya king and son of Vikramaditya VI and Queen Chandaladevi. ... This article or section includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...

From the period of the Badami Chalukya however no major Kannada literary work has been recovered, though many works have been referenced in later centuries. The extant Kappe Arabhatta record of 700 in tripadi (three line) metre is considered the earliest work in Kannada poetics. The literary work Karnateshwara Katha, which was quoted later by Jayakirti, belonged to the period of Pulakesi II with the great king himself as the hero.^[71] Other Kannada writers of this time were Syamakundacharya of 650 who wrote Prabhrita, the celebrated Srivaradhadeva also called Tumubuluracharya of 650 (who wrote Chudamani, a commentary on Tattvartha-mahashastra in 96,000 verses), King Durvinita, and others.^[72][73][74] The Aihole inscription (634) of Pulakesi II written by court poet Ravi Kirti in old Kannada script and Sanskrit language is considered as an excellent piece of poetry.^[75][76] In Sanskrit, a few verses of a poetess called Vijayanaka has been preserved.
Extant means still existing. It is the opposite of extinct, and can be applied to species, cultures and works of culture (e. ... Kappe Arabhatta (Kannada:ಕಪ್ಪೆ ಆರಭಟ್ಟ) was a Kannada poet of 7th century, and is famous for his inscription written in 700 CE during Chalukyas rule in Badami. ... // Events Saint Adamnan convinces 51 kings to adopt Cáin Adomnáin defining the relationship between women and priests. ... Events Arab conquest of Persia, establishment of Islam as state religion Hindu empire in Sumatra Croats and Serbs occupy Bosnia Khazars conquer Great Bulgarian Empire in southern Russia building of St. ... DURVINITA (C.495-535 A. D.): (Ref: http:http://www. ... Aihole (Kannada ಐಹೊಳೆ)is in the Bagalkot district of Karnataka, India. ... Events The Arabs invade Palestine. ...

Badami Chalukya Government

Army

Badami tank fed by waterfall

The army consisted of infantry, cavalry, elephant corps and a powerful navy. The Chinese traveller Hiuen-Tsiang mentions the Chalukya army had hundreds of elephants which were intoxicated with liquor prior to battle.^[77] It was with their navy that they conquered Revatidvipa (Goa) and Puri on east coast of India. Rashtrakuta inscriptions use the term Karnatabala referring to their powerful armies.^[78][79] Taxes were levied and called Herjunka, Kirukula, Bilkode and Pannaya.
Image File history File links Badami_countryside. ... Image File history File links Badami_countryside. ... Badami Cave Temple No 3. ... A portrait of Xuanzang Xuanzang (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hsüan-tsang; CantoneseIPA: jyn4tsɔŋ1; CantoneseJyutping: jyun4zong1) (602-644/664) was a famous Chinese Buddhist monk. ... , Goa   (Konkani: गोंय goṃya; Marathi: govā; Portuguese: ) is Indias smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population (after Sikkim, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh). ... Puri can mean: Puri, a city in the Indian state of Orissa, which is famous for the Jagannath temple and the serene beaches located there . ...

Land governance

The empire was divided into Maharashtrakas (provinces), then into smaller Rashtrakas (Mandala), Vishaya (district), Bhoga (group of 10 villages) which is similar to the Dasagrama unit used by the Kadambas. At the lower levels of administration, the Kadamba style fully prevailed. The Sanjan plates of Vikramaditya I even mentions a land unit called Dasagrama.^[80] There were many autonomous regions ruled by feudatories like Alupas, Gangas, Banas, Sendrakas etc. Local assemblies looked after local issues. Groups of mahajanas (learned brahmins), looked after agraharas (like Ghatika or place of higher learning) like the ones at Badami (2000 mahajans) and Aihole (500 mahajanas).
Kadambas was an ancient royal dynasty of Karnataka, who ruled from their capital of Banavasi from (345-525AD) later branched into Goa, Hanagal and Chandavar. ... Vikramaditya I (655 – 680 C.E.) followed his father, Pulakesi II on to the Chalukya throne. ... The Alupas kings (Kannada: ಆಲೂಪರು)(450 - 1400 C.E.) were a minor dynasty who ruled parts of coastal Karnataka as feudatories of all the major kingdoms of Karnataka starting with the Kadambas until the reign of the Vijayanagar empire. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...

Coinage

Badami Jain Cave No. 4, 6th century

The Badami Chalukyas minted coins that were of a different standard compared to the northern kingdoms.^[81] The coins had Nagari and Kannada legends. They minted coins with symbols of temples, lion or boar facing right and the lotus. The coins weighed 4 grams and were called honnu in old Kannada and had fractions such as fana and the quarter fana, whose modern day equivalent being hana (literally means, money). A gold coin called Gadyana is mentioned in some record in Pattadakal which later came to be known a varaha which was also on their emblem.
Image File history File links Badami_cave4_Jaina. ... Image File history File links Badami_cave4_Jaina. ... Badami Cave Temple No 3. ... Rigveda manuscript in Devanagari (early 19th century) Devanāgarī (देवनागरी — in English pronounced ) (ISCII – IS13194:1991) [1] is an abugida alphabet used to write several Indian languages, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Bihari, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri and Nepali from Nepal. ... Pattadakal is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka famous for its group of monuments that comprise of initial experiments in Hindu temple architecture. ...

Religion

The rule of the Badami Chalukya was a period of religious harmony. They were themselves initially followers of Vedic Hindusim, as seen in the various temples dedicated to many popular Hindu deities with Aihole as the experimental laboratory.^[82] Pattadakal is the location of their grandest architecture. The worship of Lajja Gauri, the fertility goddess was equally popular. Later from the time of Vikramaditya I took an inclination towards Shaivism and sects like Pashupata, Kapalikas and Kalamukhas existed. However, they actively encouraged Jainsm and attested to by one of the Badami cave temples and other Jain temples in the Aihole complex. Ravikirti, the court poet of Pulakesi II was a Jain. Buddhism was on a decline having made its ingress into Southeast Asia, as confirmed by Hiuen-Tsiang. Badami, Aihole and Kurtukoti, Puligere (Laksmeshwara in Gadag district) were primary places of learning.
Vedic may refer to: Ancient India the Vedic civilization the Vedas, the oldest preserved Indo-Aryan texts Vedic Sanskrit, their language (see also Vedic meter, Vedic accent, Vedic chant and Shrauta) the historical Vedic religion traditional Hindu culture: Vedic astrology the Ayurveda (Vedic medicine) Ancient Vedic weights and measures modern... Vikramaditya I (655 – 680 C.E.) followed his father, Pulakesi II on to the Chalukya throne. ... PULAKESI II (C.610-642 A.D.): Pulakesi II ascended the throne in C.610 A. D., and he has been rightly regarded as the ablest monarch in the Chalukyan line. ... Badami Cave Temple No 3. ... Aihole (Kannada ಐಹೊಳೆ)is in the Bagalkot district of Karnataka, India. ... Gadag District has a population of 971,955 (2001 Census of India), which increased 13. ...

Society

The Hindu caste system was present and prostitution was recognised by the government. Some kings had concubines (Ganikas) who were given much respect,^[83] sati was perhaps absent as widows like Vinayavathi and Vijayanka are mentioned in records. Devadasis' were present in temples. Sage Bharata's Natyashastra the precursor to Bharatanatyam, the dance of South India was popular as seen in many sculptures and mentioned in inscriptions.^[84] Women enjoyed political power in administration. Queens Vijayanka, a noted Sanskrit poetess, Kumkumadevi, the younger sister of Vijayaditya and Lokamahadevi, queen of Vikramaditya II who fought wars stand as examples. Caste (Sanskrit: Gyati ज्ञाति , Hindi: Biradari बिरादरी, samaj समाज, jati जाति etc , Urdu Zat ज़ात ) is an endogamous group. ... // Ceremony of Burning a Hindu Widow with the Body of her Late Husband, from Pictorial History of China and India, 1851. ... Bharatanatyam dancer Bharatanatyam (also spelled Bharathanatyam, Bharatnatyam or Bharata Natyam) ( Sanskrit: भारतनाट्यम bʰāratanāṭyam, Tamil:பரதநாட்டியம் ) is a classical dance form originating from Tamil Nadu, a state in Southern India. ... Vikaramaditya II was a son of Vijayaditya. ...

In popular culture

The Chalukya era may be seen as the beginning in the fusion of cultures of northern and southern India making way for the transmission of ideas between the two regions. This is clear from an architectural point of view in that the Chalukyas spawned the Vesara style of architecture which includes elements of the northern nagara and southern dravida styles. The expanding Sanskritic culture mingled in a region where local Dravidian vernaculars were already popular.^[85] Dravidian languages maintain these influences even today. This influence also helped enrich literature in these languages.^[86] The Hindu legal system owes much to the Sanskrit work Mitakshara by Vijnaneshwara in the court of Chalukya Vikramaditya VI. Perhaps the greatest work in legal literature, Mitakshara is a commentary on Yajnavalkya and is a treatise on law based on earlier writings and has found acceptance in most parts of India. An Englishman Colebrooke later translated into English the section on inheritance giving it currency in the British Indian court system.^[87] It was during the Chalukya rule that the Bhakti movement gained momentum in south India in the form of Ramanujacharya and Basavanna later spreading to north India. Vesara is a type of Indian architecture primarily used in temples. ... Languages Dravidian languages Religions Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Atheism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism, Druze, Buddhism, Shintoism, Taoism An entry was temporarily removed here. ... The Dravidian family of languages includes approximately 73 languages[1] that are mainly spoken in southern India and northeastern Sri Lanka, as well as certain areas in Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, and eastern and central India, as well as in parts of Afghanistan and Iran, and overseas in other countries such... The Mitakshara is a legal treatise on inheritance, written by Vijnaneshwara in the 12th century. ... Vijnaneshwara was a prominent jurist of 12th century India. ... Vikramaditya VI was a king of the Kalyani Chalukya clan. ... Bhakti - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Sri Ramanuja Acharya (1017 - 1137 AD) was an Indian philosopher and is recognized as the most important saint of Sri Vaishnavism. ... Basaveshvara Shree Basava (also known as Basaveshwara or Basavanna) is known as the reviver of the Veerashaiva (Lingayats) religion in India. ...

A yearly celebration called Chalukya utsava, a three-day festival of music and dance organised by the Government of Karnataka is held every year at Pattadakal, Badami and Aihole.^[88] The event is a celebration of the glorious achievements of the Chalukyas in the realms of arts, crafts, music and dance. The program which starts at Pattadakal and ends in Aihole is inaugurated by the Chief Minister of Karnataka. Singers, dancers, poets and other artists from all over the country take part in this event. In the February 26, 2006 celebration, 400 art troupes from different parts of the country had taken part. Colorful cut outs of the Varaha the Chalukya emblem, Satyasraya Pulakesi (Pulakesi II), famous sculptural masterpieces like Durga, Mahishasura-mardhini (Durga killing demon Mahishasura) were seen everywhere. The program at Pattadakal is named Anivaritacharigund vedike after the famous architect of the Virupaksha temple, Gundan Anivaritachari. At Badami it is called Chalukya Vijayambika Vedike and at Aihole, Ravikirti Vedike after the famous poet and minister in the court of Pulakesi II. RaviKirti is the author of the Aihole inscription of 634 which is considered as a masterpiece in medieval Sanskrit poetry written in Kannada script. Souvenirs with Sri Vallabha and Satyasraya written on, were available (these were the titles taken commonly by the kings of the Badami dynasty) and CD's and DVD's detailing the history, culture etc. of the region were sold. Immadi Pulakeshi, a Kannada movie of the 1960s starring Dr. Rajkumar celebrates the life and times of the great king. The government of Karnataka is a democratically elected body with the Governer as the constitutional head. ... Pattadakal is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka famous for its group of monuments that comprise of initial experiments in Hindu temple architecture. ... Badami Cave Temple No 3. ... Aihole (Kannada ಐಹೊಳೆ)is in the Bagalkot district of Karnataka, India. ... Chief Ministers of Karnataka See also Karnataka Chief Ministers of India Links Categories: India-related stubs | Karnataka | Indian politicians | Office-holders | Government of India ... February 26 is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Varaha is the third avatar of Vishnu, a boar sent to defeat Hiranyaksha, a demon who had taken the Earth (prthivi) and carried it to the bottom of what is described as the cosmic ocean in the story. ... In Hinduism, Durga (Sanskrit: , Bengali: ) is a form of Devi, the supreme goddess. ... A statue of Mahishasura in Chamundi Hills, Mysore In Hindu mythology, Mahishasura was an asura (demon). ... Sri Gundan Anivaritachari was the chief architect of the Virupaksha temple, the most famous and center piece at world heritage temple complex at Pattadakal. ... PULAKESI II (C.610-642 A.D.): Pulakesi II ascended the throne in C.610 A. D., and he has been rightly regarded as the ablest monarch in the Chalukyan line. ... Events The Arabs invade Palestine. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Kannada - aptly described as sirigannada (known to few as Kanarese) is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. ... Dr. Rajkumar (Kannada:ಡಾ. ರಾಜ್‌ಕುಮಾರ್‌, Real Name: Singanalluru Puttaswamayya Muthuraju Kannada:ಸಿಂಗನಲ್ಲೂರು ಪುಟ್ಟಸ್ವಾಮಯ್ಯ ಮುತ್ತುರಾಜು, April 24, 1929—April 12, 2006) was the most popular actor in Kannadas film industry. ...

See also

• Eastern Chalukyas
• Western Chalukyas
• Chalukya Cholas
• Hoysala Empire
• Chola dynasty

Eastern Chalukyas were a South Indian dynasty whose kingdom was located in the present day Andhra Pradesh. ... The Western Chalukyas ruled the western Deccan in South India between the tenth and the thirteenth centuries CE. They were related to the Chalukya dynasty of Badami who were a powerful dynasty who reigned over most of the Deccan between the seventh and the eight centuries. ... The Chalukya Chola dynasty ruled the Chola Empire from 1070 C.E. until the demise of the empire in the second half of the 13th century. ... The Hoysala Empire ruled part of southern India from 1000 to 1346. ... The Chola Dynasty (Tamil: , IPA: ) was a Tamil dynasty that ruled primarily in southern India until the 13th century. ...

Notes

For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Kadambas was an ancient royal dynasty of Karnataka, who ruled from their capital of Banavasi from (345-525AD) later branched into Goa, Hanagal and Chandavar. ... Brahma (IAST: Brahmā) (Devanagari ब्रह्मा, pronounced as ) is the Hindu god (deva) of creation, and one of the Hindu Trinity - Trimurti, the others being Vishnu and Shiva. ... Kirtivarman I (566 – 597) succeeded Pulakesi I as the ruler of the Chalukya Dynasty. ... Kubja Vishnuvardhana (624 – 641 C.E.) was the brother of Chalukya Pulakesi II. Vishnuvardhana ruled the Vengi territories in the eastern Andhra Pradesh as the viceroy under Pulakesi II from around 615 CE. Eventually Vishnuvardhana declared his independence and started the Eastern Chalukya dynasty (c. ... Mangalesa ( C.596 – 610 C. E.) succeeded Kirtivarman I to the Chalukya throne. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... October 10 is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years). ... The Narmada or Nerbudda is a river in central India. ... The Narmada or Nerbudda is a river in central India. ... The Tungabhadra is a river of southern India. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Vikramaditya VI was a king of the Kalyani Chalukya clan. ... Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ ) is one of the major Dravidian languages of southern India and one of the oldest languages in India. ... Bilhana Kavi was an 11th Century Kashmiri poet. ... Vemulavada (alternatively spelt Vemulawada) is a town 38 km from Karimnagar, in the Andhra Pradesh state, India. ... This article is about the Hindu deity. ... Jain cave in Ellora The Rastrakutas (Sanskrit/Maharashtri Prakrit [1]/Marathi[2][3]:राष्ट्रकूट, Kannada: ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟ) were a dynasty which ruled the southern and the central parts or the Deccan, India during the 8th - 10th century. ... The Sātavāhanas (Marathi:सातवाहन Telugu:సాతవాహనులు), also known as the Andhras, were a dynasty which ruled from Junnar, Pune over Southern and Central India starting from around 230 BCE. Although there is some controversy about when the dynasty came to an end, the most liberal estimates suggest that it lasted... As a means of recording the passage of time the 9th century was that century that lasted from 801 to 900. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Vengi dynasties Vengi kingdom extended from River Godavari in the north to Mount MahendraGiri in the southeast and to just below the southern banks of River Krishna in the south. ... , Gujarāt (GujarātÄ«: , IPA:  ) is a state in the Republic of India. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Gupta (Sanskrit: Goptri meaning military governor) is one of the most common surnames in northern India. ... Vishnu (IAST , Devanagari ), (honorific: Sri Vishnu) also known as Narayana is the Supreme Being or Ultimate Reality for Vaishnavas and a manifestation of Brahman in the Advaita or Smarta traditions. ... This article is about the deity Shiva. ... In Hinduism, Kārttikeya (also Skanda, Subrahmanya, Kumara, Arumugan, Shanmugan, Murugan, Guha, Saravana, Swaminatha, Velan,Velavan, Senthil) is a god born out of a magical spark created by Shiva. ... Popular image of Ganesh In Hinduism, Ganesha (Gaṇeśa, lord of the hosts, also spelled Ganesa and sometimes referred to as Ganesh in Hindi, Bengali and other Indian vernaculars) is the god of wisdom, intelligence, education and prudence. ... Lakshmi is a common aspect of Shakti Shakti meaning force, power or energy is the Hindu concept or personification of Gods female aspect, sometimes referred to as The Divine Mother. Shakti represents the active, dynamic principles of feminine power. ... In Hinduism, Surya (Devanagari: सूर्य, sÅ«rya) is the chief solar deity,one of the Adityas, son of Kasyapa and one of his wife Aditi[1] ,in Nordics Tyr he is said to be the son of Dyaus Pitar. ... Vijayaditya ((696 – 733 C.E.) followed his father, Vikramaditya I on to the Chalukya throne. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... September 20 is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... July 26 is the 207th day of the year (208th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Mysore-List of rulers of Karnataka. Retrieved on 2006-11-10.
• The Chalukyan magnificence. Retrieved on 2006-11-10.
• Coins of Chalukyas. Retrieved on 2006-11-10.
• Coins of Alupas. Retrieved on 2006-11-10.

For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...