Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea Kingdom of Cambodia / Royaume du Cambodge
Flag Royal Arms
Motto:  "Nation, Religion, King"
Anthem: Nokoreach
Capital (and largest city)		Phnom Penh 11°33′N, 104°55′E
Official languages		Khmer
Demonym		Cambodian
Government		Constitutional monarchy
-	King	Norodom Sihamoni
-	Prime Minister	Hun Sen
Independence
-	from France	November 9, 1953
Area
-	Total	181,035 km² (89th) 69,898 sq mi
-	Water (%)	2.5
Population
-	July 2006 estimate	13,971,000 (63rd)
-	1998 census	11,437,656
-	Density	78/km² (112th) 201/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2006 estimate
-	Total	$36.82 billion (89th)
-	Per capita	$2,600 (133rd)
HDI (2007)		▲ 0.598 (medium) (131st)
Currency		Riel (៛)1 (KHR)
Time zone		(UTC+7)
-	Summer (DST)	(UTC+7)
Internet TLD		.kh
Calling code		+855
1	Local currency, although US dollars are widely used.

The Kingdom of Cambodia (pronounced /kæmˈboʊdɪə/, formerly known as Kampuchea (/kampuˈtɕiːə/, , transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East Asia with a population of over 13 million people. Phnom Penh is the capital city. Cambodia is the successor state of the once powerful Hindu and Buddhist Khmer Empire, which ruled most of the Indochinese Peninsula between the eleventh and fourteenth centuries. Kim Wilde (born Kim Smith, November 18, 1960 in Chiswick, West London) is an English pop singer, professional gardener and pop cultural figure. ... For the country in southeast asia, see Cambodia. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cambodia. ... Flag ratio: 2:3 The national flag of Cambodia () was readopted in 1993, after elections returned the monarchy to rule. ... The Royal Arms of Cambodia are the symbol of the monarchy of that nation. ... For other uses, see Motto (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a countrys government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... Nokoreach (Royal Kingdom) is the national anthem of Cambodia. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Not to be confused with capitol. ... Number of inhabitants between 1961 and 2001 in thousands. ... Nickname: Location of Phnom Penh, Cambodia Coordinates: , Country Province Settled 1372 Became Capital 1865 Government  - Type Municipality  - Mayor & Governor H.E. Keb Chutema (Khmer: )  - Vice Governors H.E. Than Sina, H.E. Map Sarin, H.E. Seng Tong Area  - Total 376 km² (145. ... An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ... Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A constitutional monarchy or limited monarchy is a form of government established under a constitutional system which acknowledges an elected or hereditary monarch as head of state, as opposed to an absolute monarchy, where the monarch is not... This is a complete list of Kings of Cambodia 6th century: Bhavavarman I 6th century: Mahendravarman 7th century: Isanavarman I 7th century: Bhavavarman II 7th century: Jayavarman I 8th century: Queen Jayavedi REIGN UNKNOWN: Sambhuvarman REIGN UNKNOWN: Pushkaraksha 8th century: Sambhuvarman 8th century: Rajendravarman I REIGN UNKNOWN: Mahipativarman 802-850... Norodom Sihamoni, King of Cambodia (born 14 May 1953) the elder and only surviving son of King Norodom Sihanouk and Queen Mother Norodom Monineath Sihanouk. ... This is a list of prime ministers of Cambodia. ... Sâmdech (Lord) Hun Sen, (born April 4, 1951) is the Prime Minister of Cambodia and is married to Bun Rany. ... is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... A square metre (US spelling: square meter) is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 metre long. ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... A percentage is a way of expressing a proportion, a ratio or a fraction as a whole number, by using 100 as the denominator. ... Map of countries by population for the year 2007. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... Population density by country, 2006 List of countries and dependencies by population density in inhabitants/km². The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories that are recognized by the United Nations. ... PPP of GDP for the countries of the world (2003). ... There are three lists of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year). ... Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head. ... This article includes two lists of countries of the world[1] sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita, the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year divided by the average population for the same year. ... This page talks about Human Development Index, for other HDIs see HDI (disambiguation) World map indicating Human Development Index (2007). ... This talks about the countries in the Human Development Index, for information on the Human Development Index, please Click Here World map indicating Human Development Index (2007) (Colour-blind compliant map) For red-green color vision problems. ... Riel (Khmer: រៀល, Symbol ៛) is the national currency of Cambodia. ... ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... UTC redirects here. ... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... UTC redirects here. ... A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is a top-level domain used and reserved for a country or a dependent territory. ... .kh is the Internet country code top-level domain ( ccTLD) for Cambodia. ... This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E.164. ... USD redirects here. ... Transliteration is the practice of transcribing a word or text written in one writing system into another writing system. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... Nickname: Location of Phnom Penh, Cambodia Coordinates: , Country Province Settled 1372 Became Capital 1865 Government  - Type Municipality  - Mayor & Governor H.E. Keb Chutema (Khmer: )  - Vice Governors H.E. Than Sina, H.E. Map Sarin, H.E. Seng Tong Area  - Total 376 km² (145. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Succession of states. ... This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ... A replica of an ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at Sarnath Buddhism is a philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, a prince of the Shakyas, whose lifetime is traditionally given as 566 to 486 BCE. It had subsequently been accepted by... Map of Asia and Europe c. ... Indochina 1886 Indochina, or the Indochinese Peninsula, is a region in Southeast Asia. ...

A citizen of Cambodia is usually identified as "Cambodian" or "Khmer," though the latter strictly refers to ethnic Khmers. Most Cambodians are Theravada Buddhists of Khmer extraction, but the country also has a substantial number of predominantly Muslim Cham, as well as ethnic Chinese, Vietnamese and small animist hill tribes. The Khmer people are the predominant ethnic group in Cambodia, accounting for approximately 90% of the 13. ... Theravada (Pāli: theravāda (cf Sanskrit: स्थविरवाद sthaviravāda); literally, the Teaching of the Elders, or the Ancient Teaching) is the oldest surviving Buddhist school, and for many centuries has been the predominant religion of Sri Lanka (about 70% of the population[1]) and most of continental Southeast Asia (Cambodia... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... This article is about the Cham people of Asia. ... The term Animism is derived from the Latin anima, meaning soul.[1][2] In its most general sense, animism is simply the belief in souls. ...

The country borders Thailand to its west and northwest, Laos to its northeast, and Vietnam to its east and southeast. In the south it faces the Gulf of Thailand. The geography of Cambodia is dominated by the Mekong river (colloquial Khmer: Tonle Thom or "the great river") and the Tonlé Sap ("the fresh water lake"), an important source of fish. The Gulf of Thailand is a gulf located in the South China Sea (Pacific Ocean), surrounded by the countries Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. ... The Mekong is one of the world’s major rivers. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... NASA satellite image of the Tonle Sap (the Great Lake) The Tonlé Sap (meaning Large Fresh Water River but more commonly translated as Great Lake) is a combined lake and river system of huge importance to Cambodia. ...

Cambodia's main industries are garments and tourism. In 2006, foreign visitors had surpassed the 1.7 million mark.^[1] In 2005, oil and natural gas deposits were found beneath Cambodia's territorial water, and once commercial extraction begins in 2009 or early 2010, the oil revenues could profoundly affect Cambodia's economy.^[2] (See also List of types of clothing) Introduction Humans often wear articles of clothing (also known as dress, garments or attire) on the body (for the alternative, see nudity). ... Tourist redirects here. ...

[edit] Etymology

Main article: Kamboja (name)

Cambodia is the traditional English transliteration, taken from the French Cambodge, while Kampuchea is the direct transliteration, more faithful to the Khmer pronunciation. The Khmer Kampuchea is derived from the ancient Khmer kingdom of Kambuja (Kambujadesa). Kambuja or Kamboja is the ancient Sanskrit name of the Kambojas, an early tribe of north India, named after their founder Kambu Svayambhuva,^[3] believed to be a variant of Cambyses. See Etymology of Kamboja. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Transliteration is the practice of transcribing a word or text written in one writing system into another writing system. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Look up Kambuja in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Kamboja (Sanskrit: कम्बोज) was the ancient name of a Hindu country, and the Indo-Iranian Kshatriya tribe, the Kambojas, settled therein. ... Sanskrit ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... The Kambojas are a very ancient Kshatriya tribe of the north-western parts of the Indian subcontinent and what is now Afghanistan, frequently mentioned in ancient texts, although not in the Rig Veda. ... Kambu Swayambhuva was a sage prince of Kamboja lineage who finds mention along with sage Agastya, Kaundinya Swayambhuva, king Rajendra Chola, king Ashoka Mauriya and king Pushyamitra Shunga in Shloka-22 in Ekamata Stotra. ... Cambyses (or Cambese) is the Greek version of the name of several monarchs of Achaemenid line of ancient Persia. ... Kamboja (or Kambuja) is the name of an ancient Indo-Iranian tribe of Indo-European family, believed to be located originally in Pamirs and Badakshan in Central Asia. ...

"Khmer Land" in Khmer writing, a local expression which refers to Cambodia

Preahreachanachâk Kampuchea means "Kingdom of Cambodia". Etymologically, its components are: Preah- ("sacred"); -reach- ("king, royal, realm", from Sanskrit); -ana- (from Pāli āṇā, "authority, command, power", itself from Sanskrit ājñā, same meaning) -châk (from Sanskrit chakra, meaning "wheel", a symbol of power and rule). Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog translated into Khmer. ... For the town and district in Rajasthan, see Pali, Rajasthan For the Ganapati temple of pali and place in Maharastra, see Ballaleshwar Pali Pāli (Devanagari पालि) is a Middle Indo-Aryan dialect or prakrit. ... For the Naruto jutsu, see Chakra (Naruto). ...

The name used on formal occasions, such as political speeches and news programs, is Prâteh Kampuchea (Khmer: ប្រទេសកម្ពុជា), literally "the Country of Cambodia". Prâteh is a formal word meaning "country." The colloquial name most used by Khmer people, is Srok Khmae (Khmer: ស្រុកខ្មែរ), literally "the Khmer Land". Srok is a Mon-Khmer word roughly equal to prâteh, but less formal. Khmer is spelled with a final "r" in the Khmer alphabet, but the word-final "r" phoneme disappeared from most dialects of Khmer in the 19th century and is not pronounced in the contemporary speech of the standard dialect. Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... The Mon-Khmer languages are the autochthonous languages of Indo-China. ... In human language, a phoneme is the theoretical representation of a sound. ...

Since independence, the official name of Cambodia has changed several times, following the troubled history of the country. The following names have been used in English and French since 1954.

• Kingdom of Cambodia/Royaume du Cambodge under the rule of the monarchy from 1953 through 1970;
• Khmer Republic/République Khmère (a calque of French Republic) under the Lon Nol led government from 1970 to 1975;
• Democratic Kampuchea/Kampuchea démocratique under the rule of the communist Khmer Rouge from 1975 to 1979;
• People's Republic of Kampuchea/République populaire du Kampuchea under the rule of the Vietnamese-sponsored government from 1979 to 1989;
• State of Cambodia/État du Cambodge (a neutral name, while deciding whether to return to monarchy) under the rule of the United Nations transitional authority from 1989 to 1993;
• Kingdom of Cambodia/Royaume du Cambodge reused after the restoration of the monarchy in 1993.

// In linguistics, a calque (pronounced ) or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal, word-for-word (Latin: verbum pro verbo) or root-for-root translation. ... The French Republic or France (French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. ... Lon Nol (លន់នល់ in Khmer) (​November 13, 1913 - November 17, 1985) was a Cambodian politician and soldier who served as Prime Minister of Cambodia twice as well as serving repeatedly as Defense Minister. ... Some of the Khmer Rouge leaders during their period in power. ...

[edit] History

Main article: History of Cambodia

A Khmer army going to war against the Cham, from a relief on the Bayon

The first advanced civilizations in present-day Cambodia appeared in the 1st millennium AD. During the 3rd, 4th, and 5th centuries, the Indianised states of Funan and Chenla coalesced in what is now present-day Cambodia and southwestern Vietnam. These states, which are assumed by most scholars to have been Khmer,^[4] had close relations with China and India.^[5] Their collapse was followed by the rise of the Khmer Empire, a civilization which flourished in the area from the 9th century to the 13th century. This is the History of Cambodia series. ... Description Khmer army going to war against the Cham Relief at the Bayon temple in Angkor (S section, E gallery), late 12th to beginning 13th century see also: Angkor Thom, Cambodia Source Photographed by Manfred Werner (profile at de. ... Description Khmer army going to war against the Cham Relief at the Bayon temple in Angkor (S section, E gallery), late 12th to beginning 13th century see also: Angkor Thom, Cambodia Source Photographed by Manfred Werner (profile at de. ... Map of Asia and Europe c. ... South East Asia circa 1100 C.E. Champa territory in green. ... [[Image:Bayon-temple. ... In the Gregorian calendar, the 1st millennium is the period of one thousand years that commenced with the year 1 Anno Domini. ... AD redirects here. ... (2nd century - 3rd century - 4th century - other centuries) Events The Sassanid dynasty of Persia launches a war to reconquer lost lands in the Roman east. ... (3rd century - 4th century - 5th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 4th century was that century which lasted from 301 to 400. ... (4th century - 5th century - 6th century - other centuries) Events Rome sacked by Visigoths in 410. ... Funan (Old Khmer Bnam, Modern Khmer Phnom (i. ... Chenla, known from Chinese records as Zhenla （真腊）, was an early Khmer kingdom. ... Map of Asia and Europe c. ... (8th century - 9th century - 10th century - other centuries) Events Beowulf might have been written down in this century, though it could also have been in the 8th century Viking attacks on Europe begin Oseberg ship burial The Magyars arrive in what is now Hungary, forcing the Serbs and Bulgars south... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ...

South East Asia around the 1200s

The Khmer Empire declined yet remained powerful in the region until the 15th century. The empire's center of power was Angkor, where a series of capitals was constructed during the empire's zenith. Angkor Wat, the most famous and best-preserved religious temple at the site, is a reminder of Cambodia's past as a major regional power. Image File history File links SoutheastAsia1200Map. ... Image File history File links SoutheastAsia1200Map. ... Map of Asia and Europe c. ... Map of the Angkor region in Cambodia. ... The main entrance to the temple proper, seen from the eastern end of the Naga causeway Angkor Wat (or Angkor Vat) (Khmer: អង្គរវត្ត), a World Heritage Site, is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia, built for King Suryavarman II in the early 12th century as his state temple and capital city. ...

After a long series of wars with neighbouring kingdoms, Angkor was sacked by the Thai and abandoned in 1432.^[6] The court moved the capital to Lovek where the kingdom sought to regain its glory through maritime trade. The attempt was short-lived, however, as continued wars with the Thai and Vietnamese resulted in the loss of more territory and the conquering of Lovek in 1594. During the next three centuries, The Khmer kingdom alternated as a vassal state of the Thai and Vietnamese kings, with short-lived periods of relative independence between. Lovek was a city in ancient Cambodia that became the nations capital in the 16th century, during which Cambodia was often referred to as Lovek. ...

In 1863 King Norodom, who had been installed by Thailand,^[7] sought the protection of France. In 1867, the Thai king signed a treaty with France, renouncing suzerainty over Cambodia in exchange for the control of Battambang and Siem Reap provinces which officially became part of Thailand. The provinces were ceded back to Cambodia by a border treaty between France and Thailand in 1906. Norodom (1834-1904) succeeded his father Ang Duong as King of Cambodia, ruling from 1860 until his death. ... Suzerainty (pronounced or ) is a situation in which a region or people is a tributary to a more powerful entity which allows the tributary some limited domestic autonomy to control its foreign affairs. ... Battambang is Cambodias second-largest city (urban area population is nearly 1,000,000. ... Fruit vendor at the Siem Reap market. ...

Cambodia continued as a protectorate of France from 1863 to 1953, administered as part of the French colony of Indochina. After war-time occupation by the Japanese empire from 1941 to 1911, Cambodia gained independence from France on November 9, 1953. It became a constitutional monarchy under King Norodom Sihanouk. This article is about states protected and/or dominated by a foreign power. ... This article is about a type of political territory. ... Indochina 1886 Indochina, or the Indochinese Peninsula, is a region in Southeast Asia. ... His Imperial Majesty, Emperor Akihito of Japan The Emperor of Japan (天皇, tennō) is Japans titular head of state and the head of the Japanese imperial family. ... is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Time in office: Apr. ...

In 1955, Sihanouk abdicated in favour of his father in order to be elected Prime Minister. Upon his father's death in 1960, Sihanouk again became head of state, taking the title of Prince. As the Vietnam War progressed, Sihanouk adopted an official policy of neutrality until ousted in 1970 by a military coup led by Prime Minister General Lon Nol and Prince Sisowath Sirik Matak, while on a trip abroad. From Beijing, Sihanouk realigned himself with the communist Khmer Rouge rebels who had been slowly gaining territory in the remote mountain regions and urged his followers to help in overthrowing the pro-United States government of Lon Nol, hastening the onset of civil war.^[8] Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... A neutral country takes no side in a war between other parties, and in return hopes to avoid being attacked by either of them. ... The Cambodian coup of 1970 refers to removal of Prince Norodom Sihanouk and the subsequent elevation of Lon Nol as head of state in Cambodia in 1970. ... A coup détat, or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a small group that just replaces the top power figures. ... Lon Nol (លន់នល់ in Khmer) (​November 13, 1913 - November 17, 1985) was a Cambodian politician and soldier who served as Prime Minister of Cambodia twice as well as serving repeatedly as Defense Minister. ... Prince Sisowath Sirik Matak Prince Sisowath Sirik Matak (January 22, 1914 — April 21, 1975) was a prince of Cambodia. ... Peking redirects here. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Some of the Khmer Rouge leaders during their period in power. ... Combatants Khmer Republic, United States, Republic of Vietnam Khmer Rouge, Democratic Republic of Vietnam, National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (NLF) Strength ~250,000 FANK troops ~100,000 (60,000) Khmer Rouge Casualties ~600,000 dead, 1,000,000+ wounded[1] The Cambodian Civil War was a conflict that pitted...

Operation Menu, a series of secret B-52 bombing raids by the United States on alleged Viet Cong bases and supply routes inside Cambodia, was acknowledged after Lon Nol assumed power; U.S. forces briefly invaded Cambodia in a further effort to disrupt the Viet Cong. The bombing continued and, as the Cambodian communists began gaining ground, eventually included strikes on suspected Khmer Rouge sites until halted in 1973.^[9] Combatants United States Democratic Republic of Vietnam National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Operation Menu was the codename of a covert U.S. Strategic Air Command (SAC) bombing campaign conducted in eastern Cambodia from 18 March 1969 until 26 May 1970, during the Vietnam Conflict. ... B-52 can refer to the following: The Boeing B-52 Stratofortress strategic bomber aircraft A hairstyle popular in the 1950s and 1960s, named after the aircraft A rock band, The B-52s, named after the hairstyle A cocktail This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists... A Viet Cong soldier, heavily guarded, awaits interrogation following capture in the attacks on Saigon during the festive Tet holiday period of 1968. ... Combatants Republic of Vietnam, United States National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam, Democratic Republic of Vietnam Commanders Lu Lan (ARVN, II Corps), Do Cao Tri (ARVN, III Corps), Nguyen Viet Thanh (ARVN, IV Corps), Creighton W. Abrams (U.S.) Pham Hung (political), Hoang Van Thai (military) Strength 58...

Some two milion Cambodians were made refugees by the bombing and fighting and fled to Phnom Penh. Estimates of the number of Cambodians killed during the bombing campaigns vary widely. Views of the effects of the bombing also vary widely. The US Seventh Air Force argued that the bombing prevented the fall of Phnom Penh in 1973 by killing 16,000 of 25,500 Khmer Rouge fighters besieging the city.^[10]Journalist William Shawcross and Cambodia specialists Milton Osborne, David Chandler and Ben Kiernan argued that the bombing drove peasants to join the Khmer Rouge. Chandler writes that the bombing provided "the psychological ingredients of a violent, vengeful and unrelenting social revolution."^[11]Cambodia specialist Craig Etcheson argued that it is "untenable" to assert that the Khmer Rouge would not have won but for US intervention, and that while the bombing did help Khmer Rouge recruitment, they "would have won anyway."^[12] As the war ended, a draft US AID report observed that the country faced famine in 1975, with 75 of its draft animals destroyed by the war, and that rice planting for the next harvest would have to be done "by the hard labor of seriously malnourished people." The report predicted that Some of the Khmer Rouge leaders during their period in power. ... William Shawcross (born 28 May 1946, Sussex) is a British writer, broadcaster and commentator. ... Milton Osborne is an Australian historian, author, and consultant specializing in Southeast Asia. ... Benedict F. Kiernan (born 1953 in Melbourne, Australia) is the Whitney Griswold Professor of History, Professor of International and Area Studies and Director of the Genocide Studies Program at Yale University. ... Some of the Khmer Rouge leaders during their period in power. ... Some of the Khmer Rouge leaders during their period in power. ... Some of the Khmer Rouge leaders during their period in power. ...

without large-scale external food and equipment assistance there will be widespread starvation between now and next February... Slave labor and starvation rations for half the nation's people (probably heaviest among those who supported the republic) will be a cruel necessity for this year, and general deprivation and suffering will stretch over the next two or three years before Cambodia can get back to rice self-sufficiency.^[13]

The Khmer Rouge reached Phnom Penh and took power in 1975 changing the official name of the country to Democratic Kampuchea, led by Pol Pot. They immediately evacuated the cities and sent the entire population on forced marches to rural work projects. They attempted to rebuild the country's agriculture on the model of the 11th century. They also discarded Western medicine, with the result that while hundreds of thousands died from starvation and disease there were almost no drugs in the country.^[14] Some of the Khmer Rouge leaders during their period in power. ... Flag Anthem Dap Prampi Mesa Chokchey Capital Phnom Penh Language(s) Khmer language Government Socialist republic Historical era Cold War  - Civil War 1967-1975  - Established April 17, 1975  - Fall of Phnom Pehn January 7, 1979  - Monarchy restored 1993-09-24 Currency Riel Democratic Kampuchea (French:Kampuchea démocratique, Khmer: ) was... Saloth Sar (May 19, 1925 – April 15, 1998), aliases Pol, Pouk, Hay, Grand-Uncle, First Brother, 87, Phem, 99, and best known as Pol Pot[1], was the leader of the communist movement called Khmer Rouge and the Prime Minister of Cambodia (officially renamed the Democratic Kampuchea during his rule...

Bones of children executed at the Killing Fields

Estimates vary as to how many people were killed by the Khmer Rouge regime, ranging from approximately one to three million.^[15][16] Hundreds of thousands more fled across the border into neighbouring Thailand. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1773x1356, 637 KB) Description: The Killing Fields: Choeung Ek, near Phnom Penh, Cambodia. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1773x1356, 637 KB) Description: The Killing Fields: Choeung Ek, near Phnom Penh, Cambodia. ... See also: The Killing Fields. ... Some of the Khmer Rouge leaders during their period in power. ...

In November 1978, Vietnam invaded Cambodia to stop Khmer Rouge incursions across the border and the genocide of Vietnamese in Cambodia.^[17] Violent occupation and warfare between the Vietnamese and Khmer Rouge holdouts continued throughout the 1980s. Peace efforts began in Paris in 1989, culminating two years later in October 1991 in a comprehensive peace settlement. The United Nations was given a mandate to enforce a ceasefire, and deal with refugees and disarmament.^[18] After the fall of Democratic Kampuchea, Cambodia was under Vietnamese occupation and in a civil war during the 1980s. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... UN and U.N. redirect here. ...

After the brutality of the 1970 and the 1980, and the destruction of the cultural, economic, social and political life of Cambodia, it is only in recent years that reconstruction efforts have begun and some political stability has finally returned to Cambodia. The stability established following the conflict was shaken in 1997 during a coup d'état,^[19] but has otherwise remained in place. Cambodia has been aided by a number of more developed nations like Japan, France, Canada, Australia and the United States, primarily economically. Money raised in schools and community groups in these countries has gone towards the rebuilding of infrastructure and housing.

[edit] Politics and government

Main article: Politics of Cambodia

Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia

The politics of Cambodia formally take place, according to the nation's constitution of 1993, in the framework of a constitutional monarchy operated as a parliamentary representative democracy. The Prime Minister of Cambodia is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system, while the king is the head of state. The Prime Minister is appointed by the King, on the advice and with the approval of the National Assembly; the Prime Minister and his or her ministerial appointees exercise executive power in government. Legislative power is vested in both the executive and the two chambers of parliament, the National Assembly of Cambodia and the Senate. Politics of Cambodia takes according to the nations constitution (enacted in 1993) formally place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic monarchy, whereby the Prime Minister of Cambodia is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... Sâmdech (Lord) Hun Sen, (born April 4, 1951) is the Prime Minister of Cambodia and is married to Bun Rany. ... This is a list of prime ministers of Cambodia. ... Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A constitutional monarchy or limited monarchy is a form of government established under a constitutional system which acknowledges an elected or hereditary monarch as head of state, as opposed to an absolute monarchy, where the monarch is not... A parliamentary system, or parliamentarism, is distinguished by the executive branch of government being dependent on the direct or indirect support of the parliament, often expressed through a vote of confidence. ... Representative democracy is a form of government founded on the principles of popular sovereignty by the peoples representatives. ... This is a list of prime ministers of Cambodia. ... The head of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. ... A multi-party system is a type of party system. ... This is a complete list of Kings of Cambodia 6th century: Bhavavarman I 6th century: Mahendravarman 7th century: Isanavarman I 7th century: Bhavavarman II 7th century: Jayavarman I 8th century: Queen Jayavedi REIGN UNKNOWN: Sambhuvarman REIGN UNKNOWN: Pushkaraksha 8th century: Sambhuvarman 8th century: Rajendravarman I REIGN UNKNOWN: Mahipativarman 802-850... For the comedy film of the same name, see Head of State (film). ... Parliament has two chambers. ... Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the executive is the branch of a government charged with implementing, or executing, the law. ... A legislature is a governmental deliberative body with the power to adopt laws. ... Parliament has two chambers. ... The Senate (Sénat) is one of the chambers of Parliament. ...

King Norodom Sihamoni of Cambodia

On October 14, 2004, King Norodom Sihamoni was selected by a special nine-member throne council, part of a selection process that was quickly put in place after the surprise abdication of King Norodom Sihanouk a week before. Sihamoni's selection was endorsed by Prime Minister Hun Sen and National Assembly Speaker Prince Norodom Ranariddh (the new king's brother), both members of the throne council your face. He was crowned in Phnom Penh on October 29. The monarchy is symbolic and does not exercise political power. Norodom Sihamoni was trained in Cambodian classical dance. Due to his long stay in the Czech Republic (then part of Czechoslovakia) Norodom Sihamoni is fluent in the Czech language. Norodom Sihamoni, King of Cambodia (born 14 May 1953) the elder and only surviving son of King Norodom Sihanouk and Queen Mother Norodom Monineath Sihanouk. ... is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Norodom Sihamoni, King of Cambodia (born 14 May 1953) the elder and only surviving son of King Norodom Sihanouk and Queen Mother Norodom Monineath Sihanouk. ... Sâmdech (Lord) Hun Sen, (born April 4, 1951) is the Prime Minister of Cambodia and is married to Bun Rany. ... Prince Norodom Ranariddh (born January 2, 1944) is the second son of King Norodom Sihanouk and a half brother of Norodom Sihamoni. ... is the 302nd day of the year (303rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Czech (pronounced ; čeština IPA: in Czech) is one of the West Slavic languages, along with Slovak, Polish, Pomeranian (Kashubian), and Lusatian Sorbian. ...

In 2006 of you face, Transparency International's rating of corrupt countries rated Cambodia as 151st of 163 countries of their Corruption Perceptions Index. ^[20] . The 2007 edition of the same list placed Cambodia at 162nd out of 179 countries ^[21]. According to this same list, Cambodia is the 3rd most corrupt nation in the South-East Asia area, behind Laos, at 168th, and Myanmar, at joint 179th. The BBC reports that corruption is rampant in the Cambodian political arena^[22] with international aid from the U.S. and other countries being illegally transferred into private accounts.^[23] Corruption has also added to the wide income disparity within the population.^[24] Anthem Kaba Ma Kyei Capital Naypyidaw Largest city Yangon Official languages Burmese Demonym Burmese Government Military junta  -  Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Than Shwe  -  Prime Minister Soe Win  -  Acting Prime Minister Thein Sein Establishment  -  Bagan 849–1287   -  Taungoo Dynasty 1486–1752   -  Konbaung Dynasty 1752–1885   -  Colonial rule...

[edit] Military

Cambodian troops

Main article: Royal Cambodian Armed Forces

The king is the Supreme Commander of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF) and the country's prime minister effectively holds the position of commander-in-chief. The introduction of a revised command structure early in 2000 was a key prelude to the reorganization of the RCAF. This saw the ministry of national defense form three subordinate general departments responsible for logistics and finance, materials and technical services, and defense services. The High Command Headquarters (HCHQ) was left unchanged, but the general staff was dismantled and the former will assume responsibility over three autonomous infantry divisions. A joint staff was also formed, responsible for inter-service co-ordination and staff management within HCHQ. The Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF) consists of the Supreme Command Headquarters (SCHQ) located in Phnom Penh, three distinct forces, the Army, Navy, Air Force and the military police. ... The Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF) consists of the Supreme Command Headquarters (SCHQ) located in Phnom Penh, three distinct forces, the Army, Navy, Air Force and the military police. ...

The ministers of National Defense is Tea Banh. Tea Banh has served as defense minister since 1979. The Secretaries of State for Defense are Chay Saing Yun and Por Bun Sreu.

Ke Kim Yan is the current commander of the RCAF. The Army Commander is Meas Sophea and the Army Chief of Staff is Chea Saran. Commander is a military rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service. ... Categories: United States-related stubs | United States Army | Joint Chiefs of Staff ...

[edit] Geography

Yak Loum lake in Ratanakiri Province

Main article: Geography of Cambodia

Cambodia has an area of 181,035 square kilometres (69,898 sq mi), sharing an 800 kilometre (500 mi) border with Thailand in the north and west, a 541 kilometre (336 mi) border with Laos in the northeast, and a 1,228 kilometre (763 mi) border with Vietnam in the east and southeast. It has 443 kilometres (275 mi) of coastline along the Gulf of Thailand. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 580 pixelsFull resolution (1395 × 1011 pixels, file size: 250 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 580 pixelsFull resolution (1395 × 1011 pixels, file size: 250 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free... Yak Loum is a lake and a popular tourist destination in the Ratanakiri province of Northeastern Cambodia. ... Hill tribe village Aerial view of Yak Loum Lake Ka Choung waterfall Ratanakiri is a province in Northeastern Cambodia. ... Cambodia is a country in Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos. ... The Gulf of Thailand is a gulf located in the South China Sea (Pacific Ocean), surrounded by the countries Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. ...

A boat on the Tonle Sap

The most distinctive geographical feature is the lacustrine plain, formed by the inundations of the Tonle Sap (Great Lake), measuring about 2,590 square kilometres (1,000 sq mi) during the dry season and expanding to about 24,605 square kilometres (9,500 sq mi) during the rainy season. This densely populated plain, which is devoted to wet rice cultivation, is the heartland of Cambodia. Most (about 75%) of the country lies at elevations of less than 100 metres (330 ft) above sea level, the exceptions being the Cardamom Mountains (highest elevation 1,813 m / 5,948 ft) and their southeast extension the Dâmrei Mountains ("Elephant Mountains") (elevation range 500–1,000 m or 1,640–3,280 ft), as well the steep escarpment of the Dângrêk Mountains (average elevation 500 m / 1,640 ft) along the border with Thailand's Isan region. The highest elevation of Cambodia is Phnom Aoral, near Pursat in the centre of the country, at 1,813 metres (5,948 ft). Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 113 KB) An old man rows a boat on the Tonle Sap Lake in Cambodia. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 113 KB) An old man rows a boat on the Tonle Sap Lake in Cambodia. ... A Lacustrine plain is a plain that originally formed in a lacustrine environment, that is, as the bed of a lake, but from which the water has disappeared, either by natural drainage, evaporation or other geophysical processes. ... NASA satellite image of the Tonle Sap (the Great Lake) The Tonlé Sap (meaning Large Fresh Water River but more commonly translated as Great Lake) is a combined lake and river system of huge importance to Cambodia. ... The Krâvanh Mountains, or literally Cardamom Mountains (Khmer regular script: , Chuor Phnom Krâvanh; Thai: เขาบรรทัด, Khao Banthat), is a mountain range in the south-west area of Cambodia, near the border with Thailand. ... The Dâmrei Mountains (Khmer regular script: ), literally the Elephant Mountains, are situated in the southwest of Cambodia. ... The Dângrêk Mountains (Khmer regular script: , Chuor Phnom Dângrêk; Thai: ทิวเขาพนมดงรัก, Thiu Khao Phanom Dongrak), meaning Carrying-Pole Mountains in Khmer, is a low mountain range (average elevation 500 m) serving as the border between Cambodia and Thailand. ... For other uses, see Isan (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Pursat is a province in the west of Cambodia. ...

[edit] Climate