Pierre Cambronne.

Pierre Jacques Étienne Cambronne, later Pierre, Viscount Cambronne (26 December 1770 - 29 January 1842), was a General of the French Empire. He fought during the wars of the Revolution and the Napoleonic Era. He was wounded at the Battle of Waterloo. Image File history File links Pierre_Cambronne. ... Image File history File links Pierre_Cambronne. ... December 26 is the 360th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, 361st in leap years. ... 1770 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... A General is an officer of high military rank. ... The First French Empire, commonly known as the French Empire or the Napoleonic Empire, covers the period of the domination of France and much of continental Europe by Napoleon I of France. ... Combatants Kingdom of Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, Spain, Russia, Sardinia France The French Revolutionary Wars occurred between the outbreak of war between the French Revolutionary government and Austria in 1792 and the Treaty of Amiens in 1802. ... Combatants Allies: • Great Britain (until 1801)/United Kingdom(from 1801) • Prussia • Austria • Sweden • Russia • Portugal • Spain • and others • France • Denmark-Norway • Poland Casualties Full list The Napoleonic Wars comprised a series of global conflicts fought during Napoleon Bonapartes rule over France (1799 - 1815). ... Combatants France Prussia Allied army: -United Kingdom -United Netherlands -Hannover -Nassau -Brunswick Commanders Napoléon Bonaparte Michel Ney Duke of Wellington Gebhard von Blücher Strength 73,000 67,000 Allies 60,000 Prussian (48,000 engaged by about 18:00) Casualties 25,000 dead or wounded 22,000 dead...

Military career

Cambronne was born in Saint-Sebastien-on-Loire, close to Nantes (Loire-Atlantique). Traditional city flag City coat of arms Motto: (Latin: Shall Neptune favour the traveller) Coordinates : , Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) Administration Département Loire-Atlantique (44) Région Pays-de-la-Loire Mayor Jean-Marc Ayrault (PS) (since 1989) Intercommunality Urban Community of Nantes City (commune) Characteristics Land Area 65. ...

He joined the Grenadiers as a volunteer in 1792, serving under Dumouriez in Belgium, in the Vendée, took part in the battle of Quiberon, then in the expedition to Ireland under Hoche in 1796. He then joined the Army of the Alps under Masséna, where he was promoted to command of a grenadier company at the battle of Zurich (1799). A Grenadier (French for Grenademan) was originally a specialized assault soldier for siege operations, first established as a distinct role in the mid to late 17th century. ... Charles François Dumouriez Général Dumouriez Charles François Dumouriez (January 25, 1739 – March 14, 1823) was a French general. ... Flag of the so-called Armée Royale et Catholique (Royal and Catholic Army) from Vendée Insigna of the royalist insurgents During the French Revolution, the 1793-1796 uprising in the Vendée, variously known as the Uprising, Insurrection, Revolt, Vendéan Rebellion, or Wars in the Vendée... Quiberon (Kiberen in Breton) is a commune of the Morbihan département, in the région of Bretagne. ... Louis Lazare Hoche (June 24, 1768 - September 19, 1797) was a French general. ... André Masséna, Marshal of France André Masséna (May 6, 1758, Nice – April 4, 1817), Duke of Rivoli, Prince of Essling, was a French soldier in the armies of Napoleon and a Marshal of France. ... Combatants France Austria, Russia Commanders André Masséna Alexander Suvorov, Alexander Korsakov, Friedrich von Hotze Strength 75,000 60,000 Casualties ? 22,000 The Second Battle of Zürich took place on 25-26 September 1799, breaking the stalemate that had resulted from First Battle of Zürich three months...

In 1800, he commanded a company under Latour d'Auvergne, and later succeeded him as First Grenadier of France. He was made a Colonel at Jena in 1806, given command of the 3rd Regiment of the Voltigeurs of the Guard in 1810, and was made a Baron the same year. (Voltigeur, a French word meaning vaulter or leaper, was given to elite light infantry units in the French Army, who acted as advance units of the main column.) Théophile Malo Corret de la Tour dAuvergne (23 November 1743 in Carhaix, Brittany - 28 June 1800) was a Grenadier officer in the French army. ... Colonel (IPA: or ) is a military rank of a commissioned officer, with the corresponding ranks existing in nearly every country in the world. ... Combatants First French Empire Prussia Commanders Napoleon I Louis Nicolas Davout Duke of Brunswick Prince Hohenlohe Strength 90,000 (Jena); 27,000 (Auerstedt) 38,000 (Jena); 63,000 (Auerstedt) Casualties 5,000 dead and wounded (Jena); 7,000 killed, wounded, or missing (Auerstedt) 25,000 dead, wounded, or captured (Jena... Baron is a specific title of nobility or a more generic feudal qualification. ...

Cambronne then fought in Spain, then joined La Grande Armée. In Russia he commanded the 3rd Regiment of Voltigeurs of the Guard, and took part in the battles of Bautzen, Dresden, and Leipzig, before being promoted to General. The name La Grande Armée (French for the Big Army, the Great Army, or the Grand Army) first entered the annals of history when, in 1805, Napoleon I renamed the army that he had assembled on the French coast of the English Channel for the proposed invasion of Britain... The Battle of Bautzen was fought on May 21, 1813, and resulted in a French victory under Napoléon Bonaparte against the Kingdom of Prussians and Russians. ... The Battle of Dresden was fought on August 26-27, 1813, and resulted in a French victory under Napoleon Bonaparte against Austrians, Russians and Prussians under General Schwartzenberg. ... Combatants France, Poland, Saxony and other states of Confederation of the Rhine Russia, Austrian Empire, Prussia, Sweden Commanders Napoleon I of France, prince Jozef Antoni Poniatowski, King Frederick Augustus of Saxony Karl Philipp, prince of Schwarzenberg Gebhard von Blücher Crown Prince Charles of Sweden Strength 191,000 330,000... A General is an officer of high military rank. ...

The hundred days and Waterloo

He became Major of the Imperial Guard in 1814, and accompanied Napoleon into exile to the island of Elba, where he was a military commander. He then returned with Napoleon to France in 1815 for The Hundred Days, capturing the fortress of Sisteron (5th March), and was made a Count by Napoleon when they arrived at Paris. Major is a military rank denoting an officer of mid-level command status. ... The Imperial Guard (French:Garde impériale) was originally a small group of elite soldiers of the French Army under the direct command of Napoleon I, but grew considerably over time. ... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... Elba (top centre) from space, February 1994. ... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... For information about the legislative programs of Franklin D. Roosevelt, see New Deal. ... Sisteron is a commune in France, in the département of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence. ... Look up Count in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Countess redirects here. ...   City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Région ÃŽle-de-France Département Paris (75) Subdivisions 20 arrondissements Mayor Bertrand Delanoë  (PS) (since 2001) City Statistics Land area...

After the Battle of Waterloo, commanding the last of the Old Guard, he was summoned to surrender by General Colville. Cambronne reputedly answered: La garde meurt mais ne se rend pas! (The Guard dies, but does not surrender!) Though historians still argue whether he actually ever said it, and it has been ascribed to General Claude-Etienne Michel. Combatants France Prussia Allied army: -United Kingdom -United Netherlands -Hannover -Nassau -Brunswick Commanders Napoléon Bonaparte Michel Ney Duke of Wellington Gebhard von Blücher Strength 73,000 67,000 Allies 60,000 Prussian (48,000 engaged by about 18:00) Casualties 25,000 dead or wounded 22,000 dead... In Politics, Old Guard refers to the Old Right group of libertarian, free-market anti-interventionists. ... Sir Charles Colville (August 7, 1770 – March 27, 1843) was a British military leader who fought in the Peninsular War and the Battle of Waterloo, and rose to the rank of Lieutenant General. ... General Claude-Etienne Michel (3 October 1772_18 June 1815), an officer in Napoleons army, was second in command of the Chasseur Division of the Guard and commander of its Brigade of Middle Guard. ...

Popular image of the 1820s illustrating the deed of General Cambronne.

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (862x637, 157 KB) NAPOLÉON Actions Glorieuses et faits dArmes du Général Cambronne. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (862x637, 157 KB) NAPOLÉON Actions Glorieuses et faits dArmes du Général Cambronne. ...

The word of Cambronne

He then, it is claimed, in the face of British insistence, gave an answer today known as "The Word of Cambronne": Merde! ("Shit!") However Cambronne, for the rest of his life, denied having said this. In a series of letter to The Times it was claimed that British Colonel Hugh Halkett, commanding the 3rd Hanoverian Brigade, had already captured Cambronne before this occurred. All that is known for certain is that Cambronne, seriously wounded, was taken prisoner by the British after the battle. Even if he never said "The Word of Cambronne," it became indelibly associated with him, being referred to in Victor Hugo's novel Les Miserables and Edmond Rostand's play L'Aiglon. Later his name was used as polite euphemism, ("What a load of old Cambronne!") and was sometimes even used as a verb "cambronniser". The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom since 1785, and under its current name since 1788. ... General Hugh Halkett, GCH, CB, (1783 – 1863) British soldier and general of infantry in the Hanoverian service. ... Victor-Marie Hugo (26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French poet, novelist, playwright, essayist, visual artist, statesman and human rights campaigner, recognized as the most influential Realist writer of the 19th century. ... Les Misérables is an 1862 novel by the famous French novelist Victor Hugo, set in the Parisian underworld. ... Edmond Eugène Alexis Rostand (April 1, 1868 - December 2, 1918), French poet and dramatist. ... LAiglon was the nickname of Napoleons son, Napoleon II of France. ...

Further career

He was tried for treason in France, but well-defended by the royalist Berryer, he was acquitted on 26 April 1816. He later married Mary Osburn, the Scottish nurse who had cared for him after Waterloo. Antoine Pierre Berryer (1790 - November 29, 1868), French advocate and parliamentary orator, was the son of an eminent advocate and counsellor to the parlement. ... April 26 is the 116th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (117th in leap years). ... 1816 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1820, Louis XVIII made him Commandant at Lille with the rank of Brigadier, and made him a Viscount. He retired to his birthplace in 1823, dying there in 1842. A statue of Cambronne was erected in Nantes in 1848, and square in Paris, the Place Cambronne, also commemorates him. 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Louis XVIII (November 17, 1755 - September 16, 1824) was King of France from 1814 (although he declared that he considered his reign to have begun in 1795) until his death in 1824. ... t* Autoroute A22 : Lille - Antwerp - Netherlands A sixth oher ejt weoitjh w newr0tipew roj40=9 dfiojg b o4it orpitre royieoy i53 -y035 3[49430ne — the proposed A24 — will link Amiens to Lille if built, but there is opposition to its route. ... Brigadier is a rank which is used in different ways by different countries. ... A viscount is a member of the European nobility whose comital title ranks usually, as in the British peerage, above a baron, below an earl (in Britain) or a count (his continental equivalent). ...

External links

• The Guard dies, it does not surrender. Cambronne surrenders, he does not die
• Cambronne's Word