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A camcorder is a portable electronic device for recording video images and audio onto an internal storage device. The camcorder contains both a video camera and (traditionally) a videocassette recorder in one unit, hence its portmanteau name. This compares to previous technology where they would be separate. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1939x1454, 149 KB) Sony DV Handycam File links The following pages link to this file: Camcorder ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1939x1454, 149 KB) Sony DV Handycam File links The following pages link to this file: Camcorder ...
Sony Corporation ) is a Japanese multinational corporation and one of the worlds largest media conglomerates with revenue of $66. ...
This article is about the engineering discipline. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into image (disambiguation). ...
Methods and media for sound recording are varied and have undergone significant changes between the first time sound was actually recorded for later playback until now. ...
A storage device is a device used for storing something. ...
A video camera is a camera used for electronic motion picture acquisition, initially developed by the television industry but now common in other applications as well. ...
The video cassette recorder (or VCR, less popularly video tape recorder) is a type of video tape recorder that uses removable cassettes containing magnetic tape to record audio and video from a television broadcast so it can be played back later. ...
A portmanteau (IPA pronunciation: RP, US) is a word or morpheme that fuses two or more words or word parts to give a combined or loaded meaning. ...
The earliest camcorders, developed by companies such as JVC, Sony, and Kodak, used analog videotape, but since the mid-1990s (and even before that in professional markets), camcorders recording digital video have become the norm. Victor Company of Japan, Limited ) (TYO: 6792 ), usually referred to as JVC, is an international consumer and professional electronics corporation based in Yokohama, Japan which was founded in 1927. ...
Sony Corporation ) is a Japanese multinational corporation and one of the worlds largest media conglomerates with revenue of $66. ...
Eastman Kodak Company (NYSE: EK) is a large multinational public company producing photographic equipment. ...
Bottom view of VHS videotape cassette with magnetic tape exposed Videotape is a means of recording images and sound onto magnetic tape as opposed to movie film. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
History
 Before the camcorder. This separate portable Betamax recorder and camera arrangement slightly predates the first camcorders Video cameras were originally designed for broadcasting television images — see television camera. Cameras found in television broadcast centres were extremely large, mounted on special trolleys, and wired to remote recorders located in separate rooms. As technology advanced, miniaturization eventually enabled the construction of portable video-cameras and portable video-recorders. Image File history File links Sony_SL-F1_camera. ...
Image File history File links Sony_SL-F1_camera. ...
Sonys Betamax is the 12. ...
Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or video signals which transmit programs to an audience. ...
Sony camera head with Betacam SP dock recorder. ...
The videocassette recorder (or VCR, more commonly known in the British Isles as the video recorder), is a type of video tape recorder that uses removable videotape cassettes containing magnetic tape to record audio and video from a television broadcast so it can be played back later. ...
Prior to the introduction of the camcorder, portable video-recording required two separate devices: a video-camera and a VCR. Specialized models of both the camera and VCR were used for mobile work. The portable VCR consisted of the cassette player/recorder unit, and a television tuner unit. The cassette unit could be detached and carried with the user for video recording. While the camera itself could be quite compact, the fact that a separate VCR had to be carried generally made on-location shooting a two-man job. A Sansui TU-X1 stereo FM tuner. ...
In 1982, two events happened that eventually led to the home camcorder boom: JVC introduced the VHS-C format, and Sony released the first professional camcorder named Betacam. VHS-C was essentially VHS with a reduced-size cassette that had been designed for portable VCRs. Sony's Betacam was a non-betamax-compatible standard developed as for professional camcorders, which used S-video (separated luminance & chroma signals) to provide a superior picture. At first, cameramen did not welcome Betacam, because before it, carrying and operating the VCR unit was a work of a video engineer; after Betacam, they came to be required to operate both video camera and VCR. However, the cable between cameramen and video engineers was eliminated. For this reason, the freedom of cameramen has improved dramatically and Betacam became standard. VHS-C is the compact VHS format used for portable video recorders. ...
Sony Corporation ) is a Japanese multinational corporation and one of the worlds largest media conglomerates with revenue of $66. ...
Sony Betacam-SP VTP BVW-65 Betacam and VHS size comparison Betacam SP L (top), Betacam SP S (left), VHS (right) The early form of Betacam tapes are interchangeable with Betamax, though the recordings are not. ...
The Betamovie, the first domestic camcorder, 1983 In 1983, Sony released the Betamax=based Betamovie for consumers, the first domestic camcorder. A novel technique was used to reduce the size of the spinning video head drum, which was then used for many subsequent camcorders. The unit was bulky by today's standards, and since it could not be held in one hand, was typically used resting on a shoulder. Some later camcorders were even larger, because the Betamovie models had only optical viewfinders and no playback or rewind capability. Most camcorders were and still are designed for right-handed operation, though a few possessed ambidextrous ergonomics. Image File history File links Sony_bmc100p. ...
Image File history File links Sony_bmc100p. ...
Sonys Betamax is the 12. ...
Ambidexterity is the ability of being equally adept with each hand (or, to a limited degree, feet). ...
Dildonics (or human factors) is the application of scientific information concerning humans to the design of objects, systems and environment for human use (definition adopted by the International Dildonics Association in 2007). ...
Within a short time JVC released its own camcorder using its pre-existing VHS-C format. Initially JVC created a camcorder that used a portable VCR attached onto a camera, but the next model integrated both the VCR and camera into a single unit. The VHS-C cassette held enough tape to record 40 or 120 minutes of VHS video, while a mechanical adapter enabled playback of VHS-C videocassettes in home VCRs. (The first VHS-C camcorder is still visible in the movie Back to the Future.) After seeing the popularity of the small VHS-C "palmcorders", Sony redesigned its Betamax system to create the Video8 standard. Video8 eliminated the problem of short running time, by using an all-new metal composition video cassette. 8 mm video used a tape whose width is 33% less than VHS/Betamax tape (~12.7 mm), allowing even further miniaturization in the recorder's tape-transport assembly and cassette media. A 8mm Camcorder The 8mm Video Format (official name: Video8) is a type of video cassette recorder and video tape. ...
Both VHS-C and 8mm video represented a trade-off for the consumer. Although the Video8 and Hi8 camcorders produced quality equal to VHS-C and Super VHS-C camcorders (250/420 lines horizontal), the standard 8mm cassette had the advantage with up to two hours length (four hours in slow mode). On the down side, since the 8mm format was incompatible with VHS, 8mm recordings could not be played in VHS VCRs. Equally important entry-level VHS-C camcorders were priced less than 8 mm units, and thus neither "won" the war. It became a stalemate. (Side note - In 1986 some companies like Panasonic began releasing full-sized VHS/S-VHS camcorders, which offered upto 3 or 9 hours record time, and thus found a niche with videophiles, industrial videographers, and college tv studios.) The Panasonic NV-M5 is a VHS recording camcorder, first launched in 1986. ...
In the mid-1990s, the camcorder reached the digital era with the introduction of DV and miniDV. Its cassette media was even smaller than 8 mm media, allowing another size reduction of the tape transport assembly. The digital nature of miniDV also improved audio and video quality over the best of the analog consumer camcorders (SVHS-C, Hi8), although some users still prefer the analog nature of Hi8 and Super VHS-C, since neither of these produce the "background blur" or "mosquito noise" of Digital compression. Variations on the DV camcorder include the Digital8 camcorder and the MPEG2-based DVD camcorder. For the band, see 1990s (band). ...
A digital system is one that uses discrete values (often electrical voltages), especially those representable as binary numbers, or non-numeric symbols such as letters or icons, for input, processing, transmission, storage, or display, rather than a continuous spectrum of values (ie, as in an analog system). ...
A MiniDV tape Digital Video (DV) is a video format launched in 1996, and, in its smaller tape form factor MiniDV, has since become one of the standards for consumer and semiprofessional video production. ...
A 8mm Camcorder The 8mm Video Format (official name: Video8) is a type of video cassette recorder and video tape. ...
Digital-8 (or D8) is a consumer digital videotape format developed by Sony in the late 1990s. ...
Size comparison: A 12 cm Sony DVD+RW and a 19 cm Dixon Ticonderoga pencil. ...
The evolution of the camcorder has seen the growth of the camcorder market as price reductions and size reductions make the technology more accessible to a wider audience. When camcorders were first introduced, they were bulky shoulder-operated luggables that cost over $1,500 US dollars[citation needed]. As of 2007, an entry-level VHS-C, S-VHS-C, or Hi8 camcorder fits in the palm of a person's hand and is sold at a retail price of just over $150 US dollars (http://cameras.pricegrabber.com/camcorders/m/17729872). 2007 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Overview
Major components Camcorders contain 3 major components: lens, imager, and recorder. The lens gathers and focuses light on the imager. The imager (usually a CCD or CMOS sensor on modern camcorders; earlier examples often used vidicon tubes) converts incident light into an electrical (video) signal. Finally, the recorder encodes the video signal into a storable form. More commonly, the optics and imager are referred to as the camera section. A specially developed CCD used for ultraviolet imaging in a wire bonded package. ...
Static CMOS Inverter Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) (see-moss, IPA: ), is a major class of integrated circuits. ...
In older video cameras, prior to the 1990s, a video camera tube or pickup tube was used instead of a charge-coupled device (CCD). ...
The lens is the first component in the camera-section's "light-path". The camcorder's optics generally have one or more of the following adjustments: aperture (to control the amount of light), zoom (to control the field-of-view), and shutter speed (to capture continuous motion.) In consumer units, these adjustments are automatically controlled by the camcorder's electronics, generally to maintain constant exposure onto the imager. Professional units offer direct user control of all major optical functions (aperture, shutter-speed, focus, etc.)
The imager section is the eye of the camcorder, housing a photosensitive device(s). The imager converts light into an electronic video-signal through an elaborate electronic process. The camera lens projects an image onto the imager surface, exposing the photosensitive array to light. The light exposure is converted into electrical charge. At the end of the timed exposure, the imager converts the accumulated charge into a continuous analog voltage at the imager's output terminals. After scan-out is complete, the photosites are reset to start the exposure-process for the next video frame. In modern (digital) camcorders, an analog-to-digital (ADC) converter digitizes the imager (analog) waveform output into a discrete digital-video signal. 4-channel stereo multiplexed analog-to-digital converter WM8775SEDS made by Wolfson Microelectronics placed on X-Fi Fatal1ty Pro sound card An analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D or A to D) is an electronic integrated circuit (i/c) that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. ...
The third section, the recorder, is responsible for writing the video-signal onto a recording medium (such as magnetic videotape.) The record function involves many signal-processing steps, and historically, the recording-process introduced some distortion and noise into the stored video, such that playback of the stored-signal may not retain the same characteristics/detail as the live video feed.
All but the most primitive camcorders imaginable also need to have a recorder-controlling section which allows the user to control the camcorder, switch the recorder into playback mode for reviewing the recorded footage and an image control section which controls exposure, focus and white-balance.
The image recorded need not be limited to what appeared in the viewfinder. For documentation of events, such as used by police, the field of view overlays such things as the time and date of the recording along the top and bottom of the image. Such things as the police car or constable to which the recorder has been allotted may also appear; also the speed of the car at the time of recording. Compass direction at time of recording and geographical coordinates may also be possible. These are not kept to world-standard fields; "month/day/year" may be seen, as well as "day/month/year", besides the ISO standard "year-month-day". And the Danish police have the speed of the police car in the units "Km/t" sic (time being Danish for "hour"). This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Consumer camcorders
Analog vs. digital Camcorders are often classified by their storage device: VHS, Betamax, Video8 are examples of older, videotape-based camcorders which record video in analog form. Newer camcorders include Digital8, miniDV, DVD, Hard drive and solid-state (flash) semiconductor memory, which all record video in digital form. (Please see the digital video page for details.) The imager-chip is considered an analog component, so the digital namesake is in reference to the camcorder's processing and recording of the video. A storage device is a device used for storing something. ...
An analog or analogue signal is any continuously variable signal. ...
A digital system is one that uses discrete values (often electrical voltages), especially those representable as binary numbers, or non-numeric symbols such as letters or icons, for input, processing, transmission, storage, or display, rather than a continuous spectrum of values (ie, as in an analog system). ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
It should be noted that the take up of digital video storage in camcorders was an enormous milestone. MiniDV storage allows full resolution video (720x576 for PAL,720x480 for NTSC), unlike previous analogue video standards. Digital video doesn't experience colour bleeding, jitter, or fade, although some users still prefer the analog nature of Hi8 and Super VHS-C, since neither of these produce the "background blur" or "mosquito noise" of Digital compression. In many cases, a high-quality analog recording shows more detail (such as rough textures on a wall) than a compressed digital recording (which would show the same wall as flat and featureless).
The highest-quality digital formats, such as MiniDV and Digital Betacam, have the advantage over analog of suffering little generation loss in recording, dubbing, and editing (MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 do suffer from generation loss in the editing process only). Whereas noise and bandwidth issues relating to cables, amplifiers, and mixers can greatly affect analog recordings, such problems are minimal in digital formats using digital connections (generally IEEE 1394, SDI/SDTI, or HDMI). Betacam is a family of half-inch professional videotape formats developed by Sony from 1982 onwards. ...
Generation loss refers to the loss of quality between subsequent copies of data. ...
Dubbing is a term used to describe the transfer of audio or video information from one media to another. ...
For the Irish mythological figure, see Naoise. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
A cable is two or more wires or optical fibers bound together, typically in a common protective jacket or sheath. ...
An amplifier is a device which changes a small movement into a larger movement. ...
A video mixer is an electronic device used to combine or mix, two or more (PAL or NTSC) video signals, then output the sum as one new composite video signal. ...
A 6-Pin Firewire 400 connector FireWire (also known as i. ...
The Serial Digital Interface (SDI), standardized in ITU-R BT.656 and SMPTE 259M, is a digital video interface used for broadcast-grade video. ...
Serial Data Transport Interface is a way of transmitting data packets over a Serial Digital Interface datastream. ...
The High-Definition Multi-media Interface (HDMI) is an industry-supported, uncompressed, all-digital audio/video interface. ...
Both analog and digital can suffer from archival problems. Theoretically digital information can be stored indefinitely with zero deterioration on a digital storage device (such as a hard drive), but other types of media can have problems. Both analog and digital tape formats are prone to deterioration over time, and since digital often squeezes tracks only ~10 micrometers apart (versus ~500 μm for VHS), a digital recording is more vulnerable to wrinkles or stretches in the tape that could permanently erase several scenes worth of digital data, but barely register as "noise" on an analog tape. Even digital recordings on DVD are known to suffer from DVD rot that permanently erase huge chunks of data. Thus the one advantage analog seems to have in this respect is that an analog recording may be "usable" even after the media it is stored on has suffered severe deterioration whereas it has been noticed[1] that even slight media degradation in digital recordings may cause them to suffer from an "all or nothing" failure, i.e. the digital recording will end up being totally un-playable without very expensive restoration work. CD rot (or DVD rot) is a common phrase describing the tendency of CD or DVD disks to become unreadeable within a few years of manufacture. ...
Modern recording media For more information, see tapeless camcorder. A tapeless camcorder is a camcorder that does not use videotape to store its data. ...
Some recent camcorders record video on flash memory devices (in MPEG-1, MPEG-2 or MPEG-4), Microdrives, small hard disks or size-reduced DVD-RAM or DVD-Rs in MPEG-2 format - but due to the limited size of the recording medium, their uninterrupted recording time is limited, and editing is difficult due to limitations of the data formats. A USB flash drive. ...
MPEG-1 defines a group of Audio and Video (AV) coding and compression standards agreed upon by MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group). ...
MPEG-2 is a standard for the generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information [1]. It is widely used around the world to specify the format of the digital television signals that are broadcast by terrestrial (over-the-air), cable, and direct broadcast satellite TV systems. ...
MPEG-4 is a standard used primarily to compress audio and visual (AV) digital data. ...
IBM 1 GB Microdrive The Microdrive is a brand name for a miniature, 1-inch hard disk designed to fit in a Compact Flash (CF) Type II slot. ...
Typical hard drives of the mid-1990s. ...
You can recognize a DVD-RAM immediately because visually there are lots of little rectangles distributed on the surface of the data carrier. ...
A DVD+R disc The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...
Most other digital consumer camcorders record in DV or HDV format on tape and transfer content over FireWire (some also use USB 2.0) to a computer, where the huge files (for DV, 1GB for 4 to 4.6 minutes in PAL/NTSC resolutions) can be edited, converted, and (with many camcorders) also played back to tape. The transfer is done in real time, so the complete transfer of a 60 minute tape needs one hour to transfer and about 14GB disk space for the raw footage only - excluding any space needed for render files, and other media. Time spent in post-production (editing) to select and cut the best shots varies from instantaneous "magic" movies to hours of tedious selection, arrangement and rendering. A MiniDV Camcorder For other uses, see DV (disambiguation). ...
HDV can also mean Hepatitis D virus. ...
The 6-pin and 4-pin FireWire Connectors The alternative ethernet-style cabling used by 1394c FireWire is Apple Inc. ...
Note: USB may also mean upper sideband in radio. ...
For other uses, see PAL (disambiguation). ...
NTSC is the analog television system in use in the United States, Canada, Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, Mexico, and some other countries, mostly in the Americas (see map). ...
Note: Please see National Latin Examination for the standardized test that is also abbreviated NLE. A non-linear editing system (abbreviated NLE) is a video editing or audio editing system that can perform random access on the source material. ...
It has been suggested that Real-time computing be merged into this article or section. ...
Consumer market As the mainstream consumer market favors ease of use, portability, and price, consumer camcorders emphasize these features more than raw technical performance. For example, good low-light capabilities require large capturing chips, which affects price and size. Thus, consumer camcorders are often unable to shoot useful footage in dim light (though some units, particularly single-chip units by Sony, offer night vision capability). Manual controls need space, either in menus or as buttons and make the use more complicated, which goes against the requirement of ease of use. Consumer units offer a plethora of I/O options (IEEE 1394/Firewire, USB 2.0, Composite and S-Video), but lack many manual settings, often excluding video exposure, gain control, or sound level management. For the beginner, entry-level camcorders offer basic recording and playback capability. Night-vision is seeing in the dark. ...
For the sophisticated hobbyist (prosumer), high-end units offer improved optical and video performance through multi-CCD components and name-brand optics, manual control of camera exposure, and more, but even consumer camcorders which are sold for $1000 such as the Panasonic GS250 are not well-suited for recording in dim light. When dimly-lit areas are brightened in-camera or in post-production, considerable noise distracts the viewer.
Before the 21st century, consumer video editing was a difficult task requiring a minimum of two recorders. Now, however, a contemporary Personal Computer of even modest power can perform digital video editing with low-cost editing software. Many consumer camcorders bundle a light (feature-limited) version of such software, as do some computers, and more advanced software is widely available at a variety of price points. Note: Please see National Latin Examination for the standardized test that is also abbreviated NLE. A non-linear editing system (abbreviated NLE) is a video editing or audio editing system that can perform random access on the source material. ...
As of 2007, analog camcorders are still available but not widely marketed anymore; those that are still available are often less than US$250, but require special capture hardware for non-linear editing. In terms of sales, miniDV camcorders (and to a much lesser extent, Digital8) dominate most first world markets. Camcorders which record directly on DVD media are also on the rise, primarily among users with no plans to edit their footage. Nonetheless, software for editing video files created by DVD camcorders is available, including Womble DVD and VideoRedo. 2007 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The terms First World, Second World, and Third World were used to divide the nations of Earth into three broad categories. ...
Hard disk based camcorders are appearing as well; JVC and Sony are the primary manufacturers of these units. Increased storage capacity over other types of media is the main advantage with these models; however, with this follows a slightly reduced image quality and loss of flexibility when compared to other formats such as MiniDV, making the ease of transferring the footage to a PC for quick editing the main attraction of Hard disk camcorders.
Other devices with video-capture capability Video-capture capability is now available in selected models of cellphones, digicams, and other portable consumer electronic devices such as media players. Typically only digital cameras offer videos that are of useful quality for anything other than a novelty. The marketing approach is to claim 320 X 240 video is "VHS quality," and 640 X 480 video is "DVD quality." A few cameras can offer 800 X 600 resolution, and a recent development is High Definition (720p) in cameras such as the Sanyo Xacti HD1. “Cell Phone†redirects here. ...
A SiPix digital camera next to a matchbox to show scale Nikon D200 SLR with Nikon film scanner, which converts film images to digital A Hasselblad 503CW with a digital camera back A digital camera is an electronic device used to capture and store photographs digitally, instead of using photographic...
All are limited somewhat by having to serve as both cameras and camcorders. Compared to a dedicated camcorder they have poor low light performance, limited options, and many do not offer zoom during filming. (This is because the noise from the zooming motor is heard on the clip, only a few digicams have a manual zoom.) Many either have fixed focus lenses, or autofocus lenses that are sluggish and noisy compared to a camcorder.
The quality varies widely depending on the compression format used and the type of device. Frame rates can range from 30 FPS down to 10 FPS, or can be variable, slowing down in dark settings. The length of clips can also vary from "unlimited" (up to the capacity of the storage media) down to a few minutes.
Low end MPEG-4 camcorders can often record unlimited length video clips at 320 X 240, but the quality is far below even a VHS-C camcorder. In addition, MPEG-4 is currently not widely supported in many video editing programs. Cameras recording in Quicktime format produce videos of acceptable quality, but the compression appears as a grain or static in the video. Some cameras can offer exceptionally good video quality using the MJPEG codec, but the files are so large the recording time at high quality with a 1GB card is under ten minutes.
The use of digicams for recording video clips is limited mainly to circumstances where quality is not an issue. This is gradually being offset by the greater sophistication of the cameras, the increasing storage capacity of flash cards and microdrives, and the desire of consumers to carry only a single device.
Uses
Media Camcorders have found use in nearly all corners of electronic media, from electronic news organizations to TV/current-affairs productions. In locations away from a distribution infrastructure, camcorders are invaluable for initial video acquisition. Subsequently, the video is transmitted electronically to a studio/production center for broadcast. Scheduled events such as official press conferences, where a video infrastructure is readily available or can be feasibly deployed in advance, are still covered by studio-type video cameras (tethered to "production trucks.")
Taping the San Francisco bay from Coit tower using a JVC recorder Image File history File links Camcorderman. ...
Image File history File links Camcorderman. ...
Victor Company of Japan, Limited ) (TYO: 6792 ), usually referred to as JVC, is an international consumer and professional electronics corporation based in Yokohama, Japan which was founded in 1927. ...
Home video For casual use, camcorders often cover weddings, birthdays, graduation ceremonies, and other personal events. The rise of the consumer camcorder in the mid to late '80s led to the creation of shows such as the long-running America's Funniest Home Videos, where people could showcase homemade video footage. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Politics Political protestors who have capitalized on the value of media coverage use camcorders to film things they believe to be unjust. Animal rights protesters who break into factory farms and animal testing labs use camcorders to film the conditions the animals are living in. Anti-hunting protesters film fox hunts. Anti-globalization protesters film the police to deter police brutality. If the police do use violence there will be evidence on video. Greenpeace uses camcorders to film their activities. Activist videos often appear on Indymedia. Demonstrators march in the street while protesting the World Bank and International Monetary Fund on April 16, 2005. ...
For the album by Moby, see Animal Rights (album). ...
The factual accuracy of part of this article is disputed. ...
Enos the space chimp before insertion into the Mercury-Atlas 5 capsule in 1961. ...
A fox hunt Fox hunting is a form of hunting for foxes using a pack of scent hounds. ...
Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
David Kirkwood on the ground after being struck by police batons Police brutality is a term used to describe the excessive use of physical force, assault, verbal attacks, and threats by police officers and other law enforcement officers. ...
Greenpeace protest against Esso / Exxon Mobil. ...
The Independent Media Center (aka Indymedia or IMC) is a global network of participatory journalists that reports with a generally left-wing perspective on political and social issues. ...
The police use camcorders to film riots, protests and the crowds at sporting events. The film can be used to spot and pick out troublemakers, who can then be prosecuted in court. Teamsters, armed with pipes, riot in a clash with riot police in the Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934. ...
Entertainment and movies Camcorders are often used in the production of low-budget TV shows where the production crew does not have access to more professional equipment. There are even examples of movies shot entirely on consumer camcorder equipment (see Blair Witch Project and 28 Days Later). In addition, many academic filmmaking programs have switched from 16mm film to digital video, due to the vastly reduced expense and ease of editing of the digital medium as well as the increasing scarcity of film stock and equipment. Some camcorder manufacturers cater to this market, particularly Canon and Panasonic, who both support "24p" (24 fps, progressive scan; same frame rate as standard cinema film) video in some of their high-end models for easy film conversion. The Blair Witch Project is a low budget 1999 horror film in which three young film students mysteriously disappear from the face of the earth after being stalked through the woods, lost and kept awake by an unseen antagonist. ...
28 Days Later is a 2002 British post-apocalyptic science fiction horror film directed by Danny Boyle and starring Cillian Murphy, Naomie Harris and Christopher Eccleston. ...
16 mm film was initially created in the 1920s as an inexpensive amateur alternative to the conventional 35 mm film format. ...
Canon Inc. ...
Panasonic is an international brand name for Japanese electric products manufacturer Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. ...
In video technology, 24p refers to a video format that operates at a true 24 frames per second (or 23. ...
Even high-budget cinema is done using camcorders in some cases; George Lucas used Sony CineAlta camcorders (based on the XDCAM HD standard, and recording to ProDATA discs) in two of his three Star Wars prequel movies. This process is referred to as digital film. George Walton Lucas, Jr. ...
XDCAM Disc XDCAM is an optical disk based professional video system introduced by Sony in 2003. ...
Professional Disc for DATA (PDD or ProDATA) is a recordable optical disc format which was introduced by Sony in 2003. ...
Star Wars is an epic space opera saga and a fictional universe initially developed by George Lucas during the 1970s and expanded since that time. ...
Digital film refers to cinema production and performance systems which work by using a digital representation of the brightness and colour of each pixel of the image. ...
Voyeurism Camcorders can be used for voyeurism. In one of the most famous examples, Japanese television performer Masashi Tashiro was caught for taking a sneak shot of a woman's skirt (known as upskirt), in a commuter train station. When reporters asked why he had done it, he explained, "I tried to make a gag called "An octopus appears in a miniskirt" (Mini ni Tako ga Dekiru, ミニにタコができる)". This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres depicts the Comtesse dHaussonville, wearing a dress. ...
By todays standards Fragonards The Swing is rather tame, but in the 18th century this painting of a young lady being in a position where a man can look up her skirts was considered highly erotic. ...
A woman modelling a miniskirt The miniskirt (often hyphenated as mini-skirt) is a skirt with a hemline well above the knees (generally 20 cm - about 8 inches - or more above knee level). ...
Formats The following list covers consumer equipment only. (For other formats see Videotape) Bottom view of VHS videotape cassette with magnetic tape exposed Videotape is a means of recording images and sound onto magnetic tape as opposed to movie film. ...
Analog - Lo-Band: Approximately 3 megahertz bandwidth (250 lines EIA resolution or ~333x480 edge-to-edge)
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- Betamax (1975): Only used on very old Sony and Sanyo camcorders and portables; obsolete by the mid/late-80s in the consumer market.
- VHS (1976): Compatible with standard VCRs, though VHS camcorders are no longer made. Obsolete.
- VHS-C (1982): Originally designed for portable VCRs, this standard was later adapted for use in compact consumer camcorders; identical in quality to VHS; plays in standard home VCRs. Still available in the low-end consumer market (JVC model GR-AXM18 is VHS-C; see page 19 of the owner's manual}.
- Video8 (1985): Small-format tape developed by Sony to combat VHS-C's compact palm-sized design; equivalent to VHS or Betamax in quality, but not compatible. Obsolete.
- Hi-Band: Approximately 5 megahertz bandwidth (420 lines EIA resolution or ~550x480 edge-to-edge)
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- S-VHS (1987): Largely used in high-end consumer and professional equipment; rare among mainstream consumer equipment, and obsoleted by digital gear like DigiBetacam and DV.
- S-VHS-C (1987): An upgrade to provide near-laserdisc quality. Now limited to the low-end consumer market (example: JVC SXM38).
- Hi8 (1988): Enhanced-quality Video8; roughly equivalent to Super VHS in quality, but not compatible. Now limited to low-end consumer market (example: Sony TRV138)
This is a photo of an 8mm camcorder that I purchased in 1992. ...
This is a photo of an 8mm camcorder that I purchased in 1992. ...
Sonys Betamax is the 12. ...
Bottom view of VHS cassette with magnetic tape exposed Top view of VHS cassette with front casing removed The Video Home System, better known by its abbreviation VHS is a recording and playing standard for analog video cassette recorders (VCRs), developed by Victor Company of Japan, Limited (JVC) and launched...
VHS-C is the compact VHS format used for portable video recorders. ...
A 8mm Camcorder The 8mm Video Format (official name: Video8) is a type of video cassette recorder and video tape. ...
Introduced in Japan in 1987, S-VHS (Super VHS) was an improved version of the VHS standard for consumer video cassette recorders. ...
VHS-C is the compact VHS format used for portable video recorders. ...
A 8mm Camcorder The 8mm Video Format (official name: Video8) is a type of video cassette recorder and video tape. ...
Digital
 MICROMV camcorder and tape (top) compared to miniDV and Hi8 tapes - Digital Tapeless: Low-end digital tapeless systems often use an MPEG-4 codec and flash memory; high-end versions, on the other hand, store video data to hard disk or optical disc.
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- H.264 codec based AVCHD format, which records MPEG-4 AVC (H.264) compressed video to various kinds of tapeless media (recordable optical discs, flash memory, hard disks, etc).
- DV codec based:
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- MiniDV (1994) and several derivatives, including DVCPRO from Panasonic and DVCAM from Sony. DV records the highest quality pictures (generally agreed to be at or near broadcast-quality) on DV tapes that are easily transferable via Firewire or USB to personal computers. Though designed as a consumer standard, there is extensive use of MiniDV in low-budget film and television production.
- Digital8 (1999), that uses Hi8 tapes (Sony is the only company currently producing D8 camcorders, though Hitachi used to). Some models of Digital 8 cameras have the ability to read older Hi8 analog format tapes. The format's technical specifications are of the same quality as MiniDV (both use the same DV codec), and although no professional-level Digital8 equipment exists, D8 has been used to make TV and movie productions (example: Hall of Mirrors).
- MPEG-2 codec based:
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- MICROMV: Uses a matchbox-sized cassette. Sony was the only electronics manufacturer for this format, and editing software was proprietary to Sony and only available on Microsoft Windows; however, open source programmers did manage to create capture software for Linux[2]. The hardware is no longer in production, though tapes are still available through Sony.
- DVD (with the biggest market increases): Uses either Mini DVD-R or DVD-RAM. This is a multi-manufacturer standard that uses 8 cm DVD discs for 30 minutes of video. DVD-R can be played on consumer DVD players but cannot be added to or recorded over once finalized for viewing. DVD-RAM can be added to and/or recorded over, but cannot be played on many consumer DVD players, and costs a lot more than other types of DVD recordable media. The DVD-RW is another option allowing the user to re-record, but only records sequentially and must be finalized for viewing. The discs do cost more than the DVD-R format, which only records once. DVD discs are also very vulnerable to scratches. DVD camcorders are generally not designed to connect to computers for editing purposes, though some high-end DVD units do record surround sound, a feature not standard with DV equipment.
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- HDV: Records up to an hour of HDTV MPEG-2 signal roughly equal to broadcast quality HD on a standard MiniDV cassette.
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1327x1978, 165 KB) Summary Provided by www. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1327x1978, 165 KB) Summary Provided by www. ...
Digital Tapeless refers to any recording method using digital data recorded to a medium other than audio/videotape. ...
MPEG-4 is a standard used primarily to compress audio and visual (AV) digital data. ...
H.264 is a high compression digital video codec standard written by the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) together with the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) as the product of a collective partnership effort known as the Joint Video Team (JVT). ...
AVCHD (Advanced Video Codec High Definition) is a new high definition recording format introduced by Sony and Panasonic. ...
A MiniDV Camcorder For other uses, see DV (disambiguation). ...
A codec is a device or program capable of performing encoding and decoding on a digital data stream or signal. ...
A MiniDV tape Digital Video (DV) is a video format launched in 1996, and, in its smaller tape form factor MiniDV, has since become one of the standards for consumer and semiprofessional video production. ...
DVCPRO, DVCPRO 50, and DVCPRO HD refer to digital videotape formats using the DV codec, and devised by Panasonic. ...
A MiniDV tape For other uses, see DV (disambiguation). ...
Digital-8 (or D8) is a consumer digital videotape format developed by Sony in the late 1990s. ...
A 8mm Camcorder The 8mm Video Format (official name: Video8) is a type of video cassette recorder and video tape. ...
Sony Corporation ) is a Japanese multinational corporation and one of the worlds largest media conglomerates with revenue of $66. ...
It has been suggested that Hitachi Works be merged into this article or section. ...
MPEG-2 is a standard for the generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information [1]. It is widely used around the world to specify the format of the digital television signals that are broadcast by terrestrial (over-the-air), cable, and direct broadcast satellite TV systems. ...
MICROMV camcorder and tape (top) compared to miniDV and Hi8 tapes MicroMV was a videotape format introduced in 2001 by Sony. ...
Manufacturing is the transformation of raw materials into finished goods for sale, or intermediate processes involving the production or finishing of semi-manufactures. ...
Windows redirects here. ...
Open source refers to projects that are open to the public and which draw on other projects that are freely available to the general public. ...
Size comparison: A 12 cm Sony DVD+RW and a 19 cm Dixon Ticonderoga pencil. ...
DVD recordable and DVD rewritable refer to DVD optical disc formats that can be recorded (written, burned), either write once or rewritable (write multiple times) format written by laser, as compared to DVD-ROM, which is mass-produced by pressing. ...
Multichannel audio is the name for a variety of techniques for expanding and enriching the sound of audio playback by recording additional sound channels that can be reproduced on additional speakers. ...
HDV can also mean Hepatitis D virus. ...
Projection screen in a home theater, displaying a high-definition television image. ...
Digital camcorders and operating systems Since most manufacturers focus their support on Windows and Mac users, users of other operating systems often are unable to receive support for these devices. However, open source products such as Cinelerra and Kino (written for the Linux operating system) do allow full editing of some digital formats on alternative operating systems, and software to edit DV streams in particular is available on most platforms. Cinelerra is a free non-linear video editing system for the GNU/Linux operating system. ...
For other meanings of kino, see Kino. ...
This article is about operating systems that use the Linux kernel. ...
Many low-end tapeless camcorders, however, do not support any operating system but Windows, requiring either third-party software or a switch to a more standardized format such as DV. Some modern video cameras allow the user to record direct to a hard disk instead of to a tape. ...
See also Look up camcorder in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Image File history File links Nuvola_apps_ksim. ...
Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ...
3CCD is a term used to describe an imaging system used used by some video camcorders. ...
A specially developed CCD used for ultraviolet imaging in a wire bonded package. ...
A dew warning, also known as a dew alarm or dew signal, is an error indication on VCRs and camcorders if the VCR/camcorder develops dew inside the unit from being exposed to extreme temperature and/or humidity changes. ...
The Arricam ST, a popular 35 mm film camera currently used on major productions. ...
PictBridge is an industry standard from the Camera & Imaging Products Association (CIPA) for direct printing. ...
The Fisher-Price PXL-2000 (also known as the PixelVision by Fisher-Price, and the KiddieCorder by some of its fans) was a toy black-and-white camcorder produced in 1987 that used an ordinary compact audio cassette as its recording medium. ...
Typical 60-minute Compact Cassette. ...
SteadyShot is the trademarked name of an integrated video camera image stabiliation technology developed by Sony for its range of consumer and prosumer video camcorders. ...
Streaming media is just-in-time delivery of multimedia information. ...
Note: USB may also mean upper sideband in radio. ...
A video tape recorder (VTR), is a tape recorder that can record video material. ...
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