NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Camelid

The four llamas and two camels are camelids: members of the biological family Camelidae, the only living family in the suborder Tylopoda. Species Lama glama Lama pacos Lama huonaeus Lama, the modern genus name for a small group of closely allied animals, which, before the Spanish conquest of the Americas, were the only domesticated ungulates of the continent. ... For other uses, see Camel (disambiguation). ... The hierarchy of scientific classification In biological classification, family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is a rank, or a taxon in that rank. ... Species Lama glama Lama pacos Lama guanicoe Vicugna vicugna Camelus dromedarius Camelus bactrianus The four llamas and two camels are camelids: members of the biological family Camelidae, the only family in the suborder Tylopoda. ...

Camelids are even-toed ungulates: they are classified in the Artiodactyla order. Other suborders of Artiodactyla include pigs, peccaries and hippos (suborder Suina) and the extraordinarily successful and diverse suborder Ruminantia (which includes cattle, goats, antelope and many others). Families Suidae Hippopotamidae Tayassuidae Camelidae Tragulidae Moschidae Cervidae Giraffidae Antilocapridae Bovidae The even-toed ungulates form the mammal order Artiodactyla. ... Families Suidae Hippopotamidae Tayassuidae Camelidae Tragulidae Moschidae Cervidae Giraffidae Antilocapridae Bovidae The even-toed ungulates form the mammal order Artiodactyla. ... In scientific classification used in biology, the order (Latin: ordo, plural ordines) is a rank between class and family (termed a taxon at that rank). ... Families Suidae Tayassuidae Hippopotamidae The Suina contains the earliest and most archaic Artiodactyla. ... Families Tragulidae Moschidae Cervidae Giraffidae Antilocapridae Bovidae The biological suborder Ruminantia includes many of the well-known large grazing or browsing mammals: among them cattle, goats, sheep, deer, and antelope. ...

Characteristics

Camelids are large animals with slender necks and long legs, and are strictly herbivorous. They differ from ruminants in several ways. They have a three-chambered rather than a four-chambered digestive tract; an upper lip that is split in two with each part separately mobile; an isolated incisor in the upper jaw; and uniquely among mammals, elliptical red blood cells. They also have a unique type of antibodies lacking the light chain, in addition to the normal antibodies found in other species. These antibodies are being used to develop 'nanobodies'. In zoology, an herbivore is an animal that is adapted to eat primarily plants (rather than meat). ... A ruminant is any hooved animal that digests its food in two steps, first by eating the raw material and regurgitating a semi-digested form known as cud, then eating the cud. ... For the Physics term GUT, please refer to Grand unification theory The gastrointestinal or digestive tract, also referred to as the GI tract or the alimentary canal or the gut, is the system of organs within multicellular animals which takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and... â€œRed cellâ€ redirects here. ... Each antibody binds to a specific antigen; an interaction similar to a lock and key. ... Nanobodies are a type of antibodies derived from camels, and are much smaller than traditional antibodies. ...

Camelids have long legs that, because they lack tensor skin to bridge between thigh and body, look longer still. They do not have hooves, rather a two-toed foot with toenails and a soft footpad (Tylopoda is Latin for "padded foot"). The main weight of the animal is borne by these tough, leathery sole-pads. The South American camelids, adapted to steep and rocky terrain, can move the pads on their toes to maintain grip^[1]. Many fossil camelids were unguligrade and probably hooved, in contrast to all living species.^[2] Unguligrade animals (termed ungulates) are those which walk on the tips of their toes, typically on hooves. ...

Adult camelids have a single pair of incisor teeth in their upper jaw, and also have hook-shaped canines. They have a wide diastema, and grinding, selenodont, cheek teeth. Old World camelids have a larger, and somewhat variable, number of premolars than their New World counterparts. The dental formula for the New World camelids is: Incisors are the first kind of tooth in heterodont mammals. ... This article or section may be confusing or unclear for some readers, and should be edited to rectify this. ... Diastema is a gap or space between two teeth. ... Molars are the rearmost and most complicated kind of tooth in most mammals. ... The premolar teeth or bicuspids are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. ... Dentition is the development of teeth and their arrangement in the mouth. ...

The two Afro-Asian camel species have developed extensive adaptations to their life in harsh, near-waterless environments. Wild populations of the bactrian camel are even able to drink brackish water, and some herds live in nuclear test areas.^[3] Brackish redirects here. ...

Evolution

Camelids are unusual in that their modern distribution is almost a mirror-image of their origin. Camelids first appeared very early in the evolution of the even-toed ungulates, around 45 million years ago during the late Eocene, in present-day North America. Among the earliest camelids was the rabbit-sized Protylopus, which still had four toes on each foot. By the Oligocene, camelids such as Poebrotherium had lost the two lateral toes, and were about the size of a modern goat^[2]^[4]. hfajhfiudshfas == == == --24. ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... Species (type) Protylopus is an extinct genus of camel. ... The Oligocene epoch is a geologic period of time that extends from about 34 million to 23 million years before the present. ... Species (type) Poebrotherium is an extinct genus of camel. ... This article is about the domestic species. ...

The family diversified and prospered but remained confined to the North American continent until only about 2 or 3 million years ago, when representatives arrived in Asia, and (after the formation of the Isthmus of Panama), South America. For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ... The Isthmus of Panama. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...

The original camelids of North America remained common until the quite recent geological past, but then disappeared, possibly as a result of hunting or habitat alterations by the earliest human settlers. Three species groups survived: the Dromedary of northern Africa and south-west Asia; the Bactrian Camel of eastern Asia; and the South American group, which has now diverged into a range of forms that are closely related but usually classified as four species: Llamas, Alpacas, Guanacos, and Vicuñas. Native Americans redirects here. ... Binomial name Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758 Dromedary range The Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) (often referred to simply as the Dromedary) is a large even-toed ungulate native to northern Africa, Greater Middle East area and western India, also the land of east Africa, Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 Bactrian Camel range The Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus) is a large even-toed ungulate native to the steppes of eastern Asia. ... Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) The llama (Lama glama) is a South American camelid, widely used as a pack animal by the Incas[1] and other natives of the Andes mountains. ... This article is about a breed of domesticated ungulates. ... Binomial name Lama guanicoe (MÃ¼ller, 1776) The guanaco (Lama guanicoe) is an elegant, fine-boned camelid animal that stands approximately 1. ... Binomial name Vicugna vicugna (Molina, 1782) The VicuÃ±a (Vicugna vicugna) is one of 2 wild South American camelids, along with the guanaco, which lives in the high alpineous areas of the Andes. ...

Fossil camelids show a wider variety than their modern counterparts. One North American genus, Titanotylopus, stood 3.5 metres at the shoulder, compared with the approximately two metres of the largest modern camelids. Other extinct camelids included small, gazelle-like animals, such as Stenomylus. Finally, there were a number of very tall, giraffe-like camelids, adapted to feeding on leaves from high trees, including such genera as Aepycamelus, and Oxydactylus^[2]. Species Titanolypus nebraskensis Titanotylopus spatulus (Gigantocamelus fricki) Titanotylopus (formerly Gigantocamelus) is an extinct genus of camel which lived during the Hemphilian to Irvingtonian eras (late Miocene- early Pleistocene) in prehistoric North America. ... Species Stenomylus hitchcocki Stenomylus keelinensis Stenomylus gracilis Stenomylus is an extinct genus of miniature camel. ... Species Aepycamelus alexandrae Aepycamelus bradyi Aepycamelus elrodi Aepycamelus giraffinus Aepycamelus latus Aepycamelus major Aepycamelus priscus Aepycamelus proceras Aepycamelus robustus Aepycamelus stocki Aepycamelus is an extinct species of camel, formerly called Alticamelus in scientific literature. ... Species Oxydactylus wyomingensis Oxydactylus longipes Oxydactylus lacota Oxydactylus longirostris Oxydactylus, from the Ancient Greek Î¿Î¾ÏÏ‚ (oxys, sharp)and Î´Î¬ÎºÏ„Ï…Î»Î¿Ï‚ (daktylos, finger) is an extinct genus of camelid originating in North America. ...

Scientific classification

Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 487 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (1300 Ã— 1600 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 487 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (1300 Ã— 1600 pixel, file size: 1. ... Binomial name Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758 Dromedary range The Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) (often referred to simply as the Dromedary) is a large even-toed ungulate native to northern Africa, Greater Middle East area and western India, also the land of east Africa, Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia. ... For other uses, see Camel (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Outback (disambiguation). ... Abandoned church in Silverton Silverton () is a small village at the far west of New South Wales, Australia, 25 kilometres north-west of Broken Hill. ... NSW redirects here. ... Families Suidae Hippopotamidae Tayassuidae Camelidae Tragulidae Moschidae Cervidae Giraffidae Antilocapridae Bovidae The even-toed ungulates form the mammal order Artiodactyla. ... Families Suidae Tayassuidae Hippopotamidae The Suina contains the earliest and most archaic Artiodactyla. ... Families Tragulidae Moschidae Cervidae Giraffidae Antilocapridae Bovidae The biological suborder Ruminantia includes many of the well-known large grazing or browsing mammals: among them cattle, goats, sheep, deer, and antelope. ... Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) The llama (Lama glama) is a South American camelid, widely used as a pack animal by the Incas[1] and other natives of the Andes mountains. ... Binomial name Lama guanicoe (MÃ¼ller, 1776) The guanaco (Lama guanicoe) is an elegant, fine-boned camelid animal that stands approximately 1. ... Binomial name Vicugna vicugna (Molina, 1782) The VicuÃ±a (Vicugna vicugna) is one of 2 wild South American camelids, along with the guanaco, which lives in the high alpineous areas of the Andes. ... This article is about a breed of domesticated ungulates. ... Binomial name Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758 Dromedary range The Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) (often referred to simply as the Dromedary) is a large even-toed ungulate native to northern Africa, Greater Middle East area and western India, also the land of east Africa, Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia. ... Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 Bactrian Camel range The Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus) is a large even-toed ungulate native to the steppes of eastern Asia. ... The Syrian Camel is an extinct species of wild camel from Syria. ...

Phylogenetic tree

Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) The llama (Lama glama) is a South American camelid, widely used as a pack animal by the Incas[1] and other natives of the Andes mountains. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... Binomial name Lama guanicoe (MÃ¼ller, 1776) The guanaco (Lama guanicoe) is an elegant, fine-boned camelid animal that stands approximately 1. ... Binomial name Vicugna vicugna (Molina, 1782) The vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) is a relative of the llama that lives in the high Andes. ... This article is about a breed of domesticated ungulates. ... Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 Bactrian Camel range The Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus) is a large even-toed ungulate native to the steppes of eastern Asia. ... For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758 Dromedary range The Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) (often referred to simply as the Dromedary) is a large even-toed ungulate native to northern Africa, Greater Middle East area and western India, also the land of east Africa, Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia. ... For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ...

Extinct genera of camelids

The newly discovered giant Syrian Camel is yet to be officially described. Species Aepycamelus alexandrae Aepycamelus bradyi Aepycamelus elrodi Aepycamelus giraffinus Aepycamelus latus Aepycamelus major Aepycamelus priscus Aepycamelus proceras Aepycamelus robustus Aepycamelus stocki Aepycamelus is an extinct species of camel, formerly called Alticamelus in scientific literature. ... The Miocene Epoch is a period of time that extends from about 23. ... Species Camelops sulcatus Camelops huerfanensis Camelops kansanus Camelops traviswhitei Camelops hesternus Camelops minidokae Camelops is an extinct genus of camels that once roamed western North America, where it appeared about 45 million years ago. ... The Pliocene epoch (spelled Pleiocene in some older texts) is the period in the geologic timescale that extends from 5. ... The Pleistocene epoch (IPA: ) on the geologic timescale is the period from 1,808,000 to 11,550 years BP. The Pleistocene epoch had been intended to cover the worlds recent period of repeated glaciations. ... Species Oxydactylus wyomingensis Oxydactylus longipes Oxydactylus lacota Oxydactylus longirostris Oxydactylus, from the Ancient Greek Î¿Î¾ÏÏ‚ (oxys, sharp)and Î´Î¬ÎºÏ„Ï…Î»Î¿Ï‚ (daktylos, finger) is an extinct genus of camelid originating in North America. ... Species (type) Poebrotherium is an extinct genus of camel. ... Species Procamelus angustidens Procamelus robustus Procamelus occidentalis Procamelus gracilis Procamelus leptognathus Procamelus is an extinct genus of camelid that lived during the Miocene epoch. ... The Miocene Epoch is a period of time that extends from about 23. ... Species (type) Protylopus is an extinct genus of camel. ... Species Stenomylus hitchcocki Stenomylus keelinensis Stenomylus gracilis Stenomylus is an extinct genus of miniature camel. ... The Miocene Epoch is a period of time that extends from about 23. ... The Pleistocene epoch (IPA: ) on the geologic timescale is the period from 1,808,000 to 11,550 years BP. The Pleistocene epoch had been intended to cover the worlds recent period of repeated glaciations. ... Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) The llama (Lama glama) is a South American camelid, widely used as a pack animal by the Incas[1] and other natives of the Andes mountains. ... Species Titanolypus nebraskensis Titanotylopus spatulus (Gigantocamelus fricki) Titanotylopus (formerly Gigantocamelus) is an extinct genus of camel which lived during the Hemphilian to Irvingtonian eras (late Miocene- early Pleistocene) in prehistoric North America. ... The Miocene Epoch is a period of time that extends from about 23. ... The Pleistocene epoch (IPA: ) on the geologic timescale is the period from 1,808,000 to 11,550 years BP. The Pleistocene epoch had been intended to cover the worlds recent period of repeated glaciations. ... The Syrian Camel is an extinct species of wild camel from Syria. ...

References

External links

Category: Camelids Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... For other uses, see Camel (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 Bactrian Camel range The Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus) is a large even-toed ungulate native to the steppes of eastern Asia. ... Binomial name Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758 Dromedary range The Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) (often referred to simply as the Dromedary) is a large even-toed ungulate native to northern Africa, Greater Middle East area and western India, also the land of east Africa, Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia. ... Species Lama glama Lama pacos Lama huonaeus Lama, the modern genus name for a small group of closely allied animals, which, before the Spanish conquest of the Americas, were the only domesticated ungulates of the continent. ... This article is about a breed of domesticated ungulates. ... Binomial name Lama guanicoe (MÃ¼ller, 1776) The guanaco (Lama guanicoe) is an elegant, fine-boned camelid animal that stands approximately 1. ... Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) The llama (Lama glama) is a South American camelid, widely used as a pack animal by the Incas[1] and other natives of the Andes mountains. ... Binomial name Vicugna vicugna (Molina, 1782) The VicuÃ±a (Vicugna vicugna) is one of 2 wild South American camelids, along with the guanaco, which lives in the high alpineous areas of the Andes. ... This article is about a biological term. ... A Cama is a hybrid between a camel and a llama. ...

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