Camelina
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Brassicales Family: Brassicaceae Genus: Camelina Species: C. sativa
Binomial name
Camelina sativa L. Crantz

Camelina sativa, usually known in English as gold-of-pleasure or false flax, also occasionally wild flax, linseed dodder, camelina, German sesame, and Siberian oilseed, is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae which includes mustard, cabbage, rapeseed, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, brussels sprouts. It is native to the Mediterranean to Central Asian areas, but has been introduced to North America, possibly as a weed in flax. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 397 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1296 × 1958 pixel, file size: 196 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) photographed by myself in 1988, Unterfranken, Germany File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not... Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. ... Divisions Green algae Chlorophyta Charophyta Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta—liverworts Anthocerotophyta—hornworts Bryophyta—mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) †Rhyniophyta—rhyniophytes †Zosterophyllophyta—zosterophylls Lycopodiophyta—clubmosses †Trimerophytophyta—trimerophytes Pteridophyta—ferns and horsetails Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta—seed ferns Pinophyta—conifers Cycadophyta—cycads Ginkgophyta—ginkgo Gnetophyta—gnetae Magnoliophyta—flowering plants... It has been suggested that Angiospermae, and Anthophyta be merged into this article or section. ... Orders See text. ... Families See text. ... Genera See text. ... Binomial name Camelina sativa L. Crantz Camelina (Camelina sativa) also known as gold-of-pleasure, false flax, and linseed dodder is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae which includes mustard, cabbage, rapeseed, etc. ... In biology, binomial nomenclature is the formal method of naming species. ... Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as  , (May 23, 1707[1] – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[2] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ... It has been suggested that Angiospermae, and Anthophyta be merged into this article or section. ... Genera See text. ... Species See text The mustards are several plant species in the genus Brassica whose proverbially tiny mustard seeds are used as a spice and, by grinding and mixing them with water, vinegar or other liquids, are turned into a condiment also known as mustard. ... Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Binomial name Brassica napus L. Rapeseed (Brassica napus), also known as Rape, Oilseed Rape, Rapa, Rapaseed and (one particular cultivar) Canola, is a bright yellow flowering member (related to mustard) of the family Brassicaceae. ... Broccoli is a plant of the Cabbage family, Brassicaceae (formerly Cruciferae). ... Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Kale (also called Borecole) is a form of cabbage (Brassica oleracea Acephala Group), green in color, in which the central leaves do not form a head. ... Cultivar Group Brassica oleracea Gemmifera Group The Brussels sprout (Brassica oleracea Gemmifera Group) is a cultivar group of cabbage cultivated for its small (typically 2. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Binomial name Linum usitatissimum Linnaeus. ...

It has been traditionally cultivated as an oilseed crop to produce vegetable oil and animal feed. There is ample archeological evidence to show it has been grown in Europe for at least 3,000 years. The earliest findsites include the Neolithic levels at Auvernier, Switzerland (dated to the second millennium BC), the Chalcolithic level at Pefkakia in Greece (dated to the third millenium BC), and Sucidava-Celei, Romania (circa 2200 BC).^[1] During the Bronze age and Iron age it was an important agricultural crop in northern Greece beyond the current range of the olive. This observation is first made in Jones and Valamoti 2005, p. 575, not in Megaloudi 2006. The full reference is as follows: Jones, G. and Valamoti, S.M. 2005. Lallemantia, an imported or introduced oil plant in Bronze Age northern Greece. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 14, 4, 571-577. ^[2] It apparently continued to be grown at the time of the Roman Empire, although its Greek and Latin names are not known.^[3] According to Zohary and Hopf, until the 1940's C. sativa was an important oil crop in eastern and central Europe, and currently has continued to be cultivated in a few parts of Europe for its seed which was used,^[1] for example, in oil lamps (until the modern harnessing of natural and propane gas and electricity) and as an edible oil. Vegetable oil or vegoil is fat extracted from plant sources. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with cooking oil. ... In agriculture, fodder or animal feed is any foodstuff that is used specifically to feed livestock, such as cattle, sheep, chickens and pigs. ... World map showing the location of Europe. ... An array of Neolithic artifacts, including bracelets, axe heads, chisels, and polishing tools. ... Auvernier is a municipality in the district of Boudry, in the canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland. ... (3rd millennium BC – 2nd millennium BC – 1st millennium BC – other millennia) Events Second dynasty of Babylon First Bantu migrations from west Africa The Cushites drive the original inhabitants from Ethiopia, and establish trade relations with Egypt. ... The Chalcolithic (Greek khalkos + lithos copper stone) period, also known as the Eneolithic (Aeneolithic) or Copper Age period, is a phase in the development of human culture in which the use of early metal tools appeared alongside the use of stone tools. ... The 3rd millennium BC spans the Early to Middle Bronze Age. ... (Redirected from 2200s BC) (24th century BC - 23rd century BC - 22nd century BC - other centuries) (4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC) Events 2334 - 2279 BC (short chronology) Sargon of Akkads conquest of Mesopotamia 2217 - 2193 BC - Nomadic invasions of Akkad 2205 BC - Foundation of the Xia... The Bronze Age is a period in a civilizations development when the most advanced metalworking has developed the techniques of smelting copper from natural outcroppings and alloys it to cast bronze. ... Iron Age Axe found on Gotland This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age, for the mythological Iron Age see Iron Age (mythology). ... Binomial name Olea europaea L. 19th century illustration The Olive (Olea europaea) is a species of small tree in the family Oleaceae, native to coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean region, from Lebanon and the maritime parts of Asia Minor and northern Iran at the south end of the Caspian... Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) The Roman Empire. ... An oil lamp is a device used for lighting or for preserving a flame that is fueled by animal, vegetable or mineral oil. ... Natural gas is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane but including significant quantities of ethane, butane, propane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium and hydrogen sulfide. ... R-phrases S-phrases , , Flash point -104 °C Autoignition temperature 432 °C Explosive limits 2. ... Lightning strikes during a night-time thunderstorm. ...

The crop is now being researched due to its exceptionally high levels (up to 45%) of omega-3 fatty acids, which is uncommon in vegetable sources. Over 50% of the fatty acids in cold pressed Camelina oil are polyunsaturated. The major components are alpha-linolenic acid - C18:3 (omega-3-fatty acid, approx 35-45%) and linoleic acid - C18:2 (omega-6 fatty acid, approx 15-20%). The oil is also very rich in natural antioxidants, such as tocopherols, making this highly stable oil very resistant to oxidation and rancidity. It has 1 - 3% erucic acid. The vitamin E content of camelina oil is approximately 110mg/100g. It is well suited for use as a cooking oil. It has an almond-like flavor and aroma. It may become more commonly known and become an important food oil for the future. Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids found in certain fish tissues, and in vegetable sources such as flax seeds, walnuts, and canola oil. ... In chemistry, especially biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid often with a long unbranched aliphatic tail (chain), which is either saturated or unsaturated. ... Category: ... A polyunsaturated organic compound is one in which more than one double bond exists within the representative molecule. ... Linolenic acid Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid with the molecular formula C18H30O2 and molar mass 278. ... The chemical strucuture of linoleic acid showing physiological numbering (red) and chemical numbering (blue) conventions. ... Omega-6 fatty acids are fatty acids where the term omega-6 signifies that the first double bond in the carbon backbone of the fatty acid, counting from the end opposite the acid group, occurs in the sixth carbon-carbon bond. ... An antioxidant is a chemical that prevents the oxidation of other chemicals. ... Tocopherol, or Vitamin E, is a fat-soluble vitamin in eight forms that is an important antioxidant. ... Leland Stanfords horse stable, still in use Horse kept in stable A stable is a building in which livestock, usually horses, are kept. ... The most fundamental reactions in chemistry are the redox processes. ... Rancidification is the decomposition of fats and other lipids by oxidation. ... Tocopherol, or Vitamin E, is a fat-soluble vitamin in eight forms that is an important antioxidant. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with vegetable oil. ... Binomial name Prunus dulcis (Mill. ... Flavor or flavour (see spelling differences) is the sensory impression of a food or other substance, and is determined mainly by the chemical senses of taste and smell. ... Odor receptors on the antennae of a Luna moth An odor is the object of perception of the sense of olfaction. ...

Because of its certain apparent health benefits and its technical stability gold-of-pleasure and camelina oil are being added to the growing list of foods considered as functional foods. Gold-of-pleasure is also of interest for its very low requirements for tillage and weed control. This could potentially allow vegetable oil to be produced more cheaply than from traditional oil crops, which would be particularly attractive to biodiesel producers looking for a feedstock cheap enough to allow them to compete with petroleum diesel and gasoline. Functional food or medicinal food is any fresh or processed food claimed to have a health-promoting and/or disease-preventing property beyond the basic nutritional function of supplying nutrients, although there is no consensus on an exact definition of the term. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with cooking oil. ... In some countries, filling stations sell bio-diesel more cheaply than conventional diesel. ... Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Lubbock, Texas Ignacy Łukasiewicz - inventor of the refining of kerosene from crude oil. ... Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel (1858-1913), inventor of the diesel engine. ... Gasoline, as it is known in North America, or petrol, in many Commonwealth countries (sometimes also called motor spirit) is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting primarily of hydrocarbons, used as fuel in internal combustion engines. ...

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} Daniel Zohary and Maria Hopf, Domestication of plants in the Old World, third edition (Oxford: University Press, 2000), pp. 138f
2. ^ (Megaloudi 2006, p. 57)
3. ^ (Dalby 2003, p. 161)

References

• Dalby, Andrew (2003), Food in the ancient world from A to Z, London, New York: Routledge, ISBN 0415232597
• Megaloudi, Fragkiska (2006), Plants and Diet in Greece from Neolithic to Classic Periods: the archaeobotanical remains, Oxford: Archaeopress, ISBN 1841719498
• D.H. Putnam, J.T. Budin, L.A. Field, and W.M. Breene (1993) Camelina: A Promising Low-Input Oilseed. p. 314-322. In: J. Janick and J.E. Simon (eds.), New crops. Wiley, New York.

Andrew Dalby (born Liverpool, 1947) is an English linguist, translator and historian who most often writes about food history. ...

External links

• Calon Lan Food company First UK company to sell camelina oil
• PLANTS Profile: Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz
• Gold-of-pleasure (PDF)
• "Gold of pleasure - the better Flax" Gold-of-pleasure website
• "Evaluation of Camelina sativa oil as a feedstock for biodiesel production", Industrial Crops and Products, Vol. 21 Issue 1 (January 2005), pp. 25-31