Camille Chamoun

Camille Nimr Chamoun (b. April 3, 1900 - d. August 7, 1987) was President of Lebanon from 1952 to 1958, and one of the country's main Christian leaders during the Lebanese Civil War. Camille Chamoun, Lebanese President (1952-1958) This work is copyrighted. ... Camille Chamoun, Lebanese President (1952-1958) This work is copyrighted. ... April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 272 days remaining. ... 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday. ... August 7 is the 219th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (220th in leap years), with 146 days remaining. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This page lists presidents of Lebanon. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A Christian is a follower of Jesus Christ whom they believe is the saviour of the world. ... For the civil conflict of 1958, see Lebanon crisis of 1958. ...

Early years

Lebanon

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Camille Nimr Chamoun was born at Deir el-Qamar on 3 April 1900, into a prominent Maronite Christian family. He was educated in France and became a lawyer. He was first elected to the Lebanese parliament in 1934, and was reelected in 1937 and 1943. A champion of independence from France, he was arrested on 11 November 1943, and was imprisoned in Rashaïa castle, where he was held for eleven days, along with Bishara el-Khoury and Riad el-Solh, who were to become the first President and Prime Minister, respectively, of the new republic. Massive public protests led to their release on 22 November, which has since been celebrated as the Lebanese Independence Day. This page lists presidents of Lebanon. ... Émile Lahoud General Émile Geamil Lahoud (Arabic: اميل لحود) (born January 12, 1936) is the current President of Lebanon. ... This page lists prime ministers of Lebanon. ... Fouad Siniora Fouad Siniora (alternative spellings: Fuad Siniora, Fouad Seniora) is the Prime Minister of Lebanon, a position he assumed on 19 July 2005, succeeding Najib Mikati. ... This is the list of the Lebanese governement that was formed by Fouad Siniora on 19 July 2005. ... The Parliament of Lebanon is the Lebanese national legislature. ... This page lists speakers of the Parliament of Lebanon. ... Political parties in Lebanon lists political parties in Lebanon. ... Elections in Lebanon gives information on election and election results in Lebanon. ... Lebanon is divided into 6 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah). ... The 6 Governorates of Lebanon are divided into 25 Districts (Aqdya, singular - qadaa) -- or 26, counting the Governorate of Beirut which is not subdivided into districts. ... The foreign policy of Lebanon reflects its geographic location, the composition of its population, and its reliance on commerce and trade. ... This article discusses the modern-day history of Lebanon. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... Deir el Qamar (in Arabic دير القمر, meaning monastery of the Moon) is a village in south-central Lebanon, 5 kilometres outside of Beiteddine, consisting of stone houses with red-tiled roofs. ... April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 272 days remaining. ... 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday. ... Maronites (Marunoye ܡܪܘܢܝܐܶ; in Syriac, Mâruniyya مارونية in Arabic) are members of an Eastern Catholic Church in full communion with the Pope of Rome. ... A Christian is a follower of Jesus Christ whom they believe is the saviour of the world. ... The National Assembly of Lebanon is the Lebanese national legislature. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... Bechara El Khoury Bechara El Khoury (1890-1 January 1964) (Arabic: بشارة الخوري) was the first post-independence President of Lebanon, holding office from 21 September 1943 to 18 September 1952, apart from an 11-day interruption (11-22 November) in 1943. ... A statue of Riad as-Solh stands in Beiruts Downtown district Riad as-Solh (1894 - 1951) (Arabic: رياض الصلح) was the first Prime Minister of Lebanon (1943–1945), after the countrys independence. ... This page lists prime ministers of Lebanon. ... In a broad definition a republic is a state or country that is led by people who do not base their political power on any principle beyond the control of the people of that state or country. ... November 22 is the 326th day (327th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Chamoun was reelected to parliament, now called the National Assembly, in 1947 and 1951. He was frequently absent, however, as he served as ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1944 to 1946, and as ambassor to the United Nations thereafter. The National Assembly of Lebanon is the Lebanese national legislature. ... For other uses, see Ambassador (disambiguation). ... United Nations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

Revolt of 1958

• main article: Lebanon Crisis of 1958

When President Bishara el-Khoury was forced to resign amid corruption allegations in 1952, Chamoun was elected to replace him. Near the end of his term, Pan-Arabists and other groups backed by Nasser, with considerable support in Lebanon's politically disadvantaged Muslim community, attempted to overthrow Chamoun's government in June 1958. Chamoun appealed to the United States for help, and American marines landed in Beirut. The revolt was squashed, but to appease Muslim anger, Gen. Fuad Chehab who although Christian enjoyed considerable popularity in the Muslim community, was elected to succeed Chamoun. The American diplomat Robert D. Murphy, sent to Lebanon as personal representative of President Eisenhower, played a significant role in persuading Chamoun to resign and Chehab to take his place. US Marines on patrol in Beirut, summer of 1958. ... Bechara El Khoury Bechara El Khoury (1890-1 January 1964) (Arabic: بشارة الخوري) was the first post-independence President of Lebanon, holding office from 21 September 1943 to 18 September 1952, apart from an 11-day interruption (11-22 November) in 1943. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... United States Marine Corps Emblem The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is the second smallest of the five branches of the United States armed forces, with 170,000 active and 40,000 reserve Marines as of 2002. ... Central Beirut Beirut (Arabic: ‎ translit: ) is the capital, largest city, and chief seaport of Lebanon. ... This article is about revolution in the sense of a drastic change. ... Genesis (Greek: Γένεσις, having the meanings of birth, creation, cause, beginning, source and origin) is the first book of the Torah (five books of Moses) and hence the first book of the Tanakh, part of the Hebrew Bible; it is also the first book of the Christian Old Testament. ... Fuad Chehab Fuad Chehab (name also spelt Fouad Shihab, or Chehab, depending on transliteration from the original Arabic, 1902 - April 25, 1973) (Arabic: فؤاد شهاب) was President of Lebanon from 1958 to 1964. ... This page is about negotiations; for the board game, see Diplomacy (game). ... Robert Daniel Murphy 1894 - 1978 - U.S Diplomat Murphy had begun his diplomatic career in 1917 as a member of the American Legation in Bern, Switzerland. ... Dwight David Ike Eisenhower (October 14, 1890–March 28, 1969), American soldier and politician, was the 34th President of the United States (1953–1961) and supreme commander of the Allied forces in Europe during World War II, with the rank of General of the Army. ...

Founding the NLP

• main article: National Liberal Party (Lebanon)

On his retirement from the presidency, Chamoun founded the National Liberal Party (al-Ahrar). As the leader of this party, Chamoun was elected to the National Assembly again in 1960, much to the consternation of President Chehab. He was defeated in 1964, due to changes to the boundaries of his electoral district, which he and his supporters protested as deliberate gerrymandering. He was reelected to the National Assembly, however, in 1968, and again in 1972 - Lebanon's last parliamentary election held in his lifetime. Following the election of 1968, the National Liberal Party held 11 seats out of 99, becoming the largest single party in the notoriously fractured National Assembly. It was the only political party to elect representatives from all of Lebanon's major religious confessions. The National Liberal Party (Hizb al-Watanyin al-Ahrar) is a political party in Lebanon, established by President Camille Chamoun in 1958. ... The National Liberal Party (Hizb al-Watanyin al-Ahrar) is a political party in Lebanon, established by President Camille Chamoun in 1958. ... The National Assembly of Lebanon is the Lebanese national legislature. ... Printed in 1812, this political cartoon illustrates the electoral districts drawn by the Massachusetts legislature to favor the incumbent Democratic-Republican party candidates of Governor Elbridge Gerry over the Federalists, from which the term gerrymander is derived. ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ... Political parties in Lebanon lists political parties in Lebanon. ...

During the Civil War

• main article: Lebanese Civil War

In the 1970s and 1980s, Chamoun served in a variety of portfolios in the Cabinet. This was during the Lebanese Civil War (1975-90), in which Chamoun and the NLP participated through the party's militia, the "Tigers" (in Arabic, nimr means tiger). In the early stages of the war, he helped found the Lebanese Front, a coalition of mostly Christian politicians and parties, whose united militia - dominated by the Kataeb Party - became known as the Lebanese Forces (LF). Chamoun was chairman of the Front in 1976-78. For the civil conflict of 1958, see Lebanon crisis of 1958. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... MacGyver - 1980s hero The 1980s decade refers to the years from 1980 to 1989, inclusive. ... it s a group of 18 guys started the training in 1968 in saadyat where was the Pr. ... Binomial name Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758) Tigers (Panthera tigris) are mammals of the Felidae family and one of four big cats in the panthera genus. ... The Lebanese Front was a right-wing coalition of mainly Christian parties during the Lebanese Civil War. ... A Christian is a follower of Jesus Christ whom they believe is the saviour of the world. ... The Kataeb Party, better known in English-speaking countries as the Phalange, is a Lebanese political party that was first established as a Maronite nationalist youth movement in 1936 by Pierre Gemayel. ... The Lebanese Forces are a Lebanese political party and former militia, which played a major role in the civil war which ravaged Lebanon from 1975 to 1990. ...

Though initially aligned with Syria, and inviting its army to intervene against the Muslim-leftist Lebanese National Movement (LNM) and its Palestinian allies in 1976, Chamoun then gravitated towards opposition to the Syrian presence. In 1980, the NLP's Tigers milita was virtually destroyed by a surprise attack from Chamoun's Christian rival, Bashir Gemayel, and the LF forces under his command. After the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982, Chamoun decided to enter a tactical cooperation with Israel, in order to oppose what he considered a Syrian occupation. The President of Syria is commander in chief of the Syrian armed forces, comprising some 400,000 troops upon mobilization. ... In politics, left-wing, political left, leftism, or simply the left, are terms which refer (with no particular precision) to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, social democracy, or liberalism (especially in the American sense of the word), or with opposition... The Lebanese National Movement was led by Kamal Jumblat, a prominent Druze. ... The term Palestinian has other usages, for which see definitions of Palestinian. ... Bachir Gemayel, first name also spelt Bashir, (November 10, 1947 - September 14, 1982) was a Lebanese military commander and politician. ... Combatants Israel Hezbollah PLO Commanders Menachem Begin Hezbollah: ? PLO: Arafat Lebanon War (Hebrew: מלחמת לבנון Milkhemet Levanon), also known as the 1982 Invasion of Lebanon or Operation Peace of the Galilee (מבצע שלום הגליל Mivtsa Shlom HaGalil in Hebrew), began June 6, 1982, when the Israel Defense Forces invaded southern Lebanon. ... The Syrian presence in Lebanon, also known as the Syrian occupation of Lebanon, began in 1976 as a result of a Lebanese government invitation during Lebanons civil war, and ended in April 2005 in response to domestic and international pressure after the murder of former Lebanese Prime Minister, Rafik...

Death and legacy

In 1984, Chamoun agreed to join the National Unity government as Deputy Prime Minister, a post he held until his death in Beirut on 7 August 1987, at the age of 87. He is remembered as one of the main Christian nationalist leaders, and one of the last significant figures of Lebanon's pre-war generation of politicians, whose political influence was eclipsed during the war by that of younger militia commanders and warlords. Central Beirut Beirut (Arabic: ‎ translit: ) is the capital, largest city, and chief seaport of Lebanon. ... August 7 is the 219th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (220th in leap years), with 146 days remaining. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nationalism is an ideology that creates and sustains a nation as a concept of a common identity for groups of humans. ... Warlord is a term that refers to one who has de facto military control of a subnational area, due to armed forces which are personally obedient to — somewhat circularly — that warlord. ...

Camille Chamoun was survived by his two sons, Dany and Dory, both of whom followed in his footsteps as NLP leaders and politicians in their own right. Dany Chamoun (in white robes) with General Michel Aoun, on the balcony of the presidential palace in Baabda Dany Chamoun (1934 - 1990) was a prominent Lebanese politician. ... Dory Chamoun Dory Chamoun is a Lebanese politician who leads the National Liberal Party, and is also a prominent member of the Qornet Shehwan Gathering, a coalition of politicians, academics, and businessmen who oppose the pro-Syrian government of President Emile Lahoud. ...

Timeline

• 1900: Born in Deir el-Qamar.
• 1934: Elected to the National Assembly.
• 1944: Lebanon's envoy to the United Kingdom.
• 1946: Chief Lebanese representative to the United Nations.
• 1952: Lebanese President after Bishara el-Khoury has to resign after corruption charges
• 1958, June: Calls for American support in a Communist-inspired Muslim uprising during the Lebanon Crisis
• 1958, September: steps down in favor of Fuad Chehab
• 1974: Helps to found the Lebanese Front
• 1984: Joins the national unity government.
• 1987: August 7: Dies in Beirut.