Jean-Marie Camille Guérin (b. December 22, 1872, Poitiers, France; d. June 9, 1961, Paris. French veterinarian, bacteriologist and immunologist who, together with Albert Calmette developed the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), a vaccine for immunization against tuberculosis. Jean Marie Camille Guérin, French veterinarian and biologist File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... December 22 is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1872 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Location within France Poitiers (population 85,000) is a city and commune in central France, préfecture (capital) of the Vienne département. ... June 9 is the 160th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (161st in leap years), with 205 days remaining. ... 1961 (As MAD Magazine pointed out on its first cover for the year) was the first upside-down year—i. ... The Eiffel Tower has become the symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... In American and Canadian English, a veterinarian (from Latin veterinae, draught animals) is an animal doctor, a practitioner of veterinary medicine. ... Microbiology (in Greek micron = small and biologia = studying life) is the study of microorganisms, including unicellular (single-celled) eukaryotes and prokaryotes, fungi, and viruses. ... Immunology is a broad branch of biomedical science that covers study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. ... Léon Charles Albert Calmette (July 12, 1863 – October 29, 1933) was a French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist, and an important officer of the Pasteur Institute. ... Bacillus of Calmette and Guérin (BCG) is a vaccine against tuberculosis that is prepared from a strain of the attenuated (weakened) live bovine tuberculosis bacillus, Mycobacterium bovis that has lost its virulence in humans by specially culturing in artificial medium for years. ... A bottle and a syringe containing the influenza vaccine. ... Immunization (AmE) or Immunisation (BE) has a number of meanings: In medicine immunization is the process by which an individual is exposed to a material that is designed to prime his or her immune system against that material. ... Tuberculous lungs show up on an X-ray image Tuberculosis is an infection with the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) but can also affect the central nervous system (meningitis), lymphatic system, circulatory system (miliary TB), genitourinary system, bones and joints. ...

Camille Guérin was born in Poitiers to a family of modest means. His father died of tuberculosis in 1882 (as well as his wife, in 1918). He studied veterinary medicine at the "Ecole Vétérinaire de Maisons-Alfort" from 1892 to 1896, working, while a student, as an assistant to pathologist Edmond Nocard (1850-1903). Pathology (in ancient Greek pathos = pain/pation and logos = word) is the study of diseases. ... Edmond Nocard (1850-1903) was a French veterinarian and microbiologist, born in Provins (Seine-et-Marne, France). ...

In 1897, he joined the Pasteur Institute in Lille and started to work with its director, French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist Albert Calmette (1863-1933). He started as a technician in charge of preparing Calmette's serum (antivenom against snake bites) and the vaccine against smallpox. He improved considerably the production techniques of the later, by using rabbits as intermediate hosts, and developed also a method to quantify the remaining virulence of these vaccines. The Pasteur Institute (French: Institut Pasteur) is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, microorganisms, diseases and vaccines. ... City motto: – City proper (commune) Région Nord-Pas de Calais Département Nord (59) Mayor Martine Aubry (PS) (since 2001) Area 39. ... A physician is a person who practices medicine. ... Léon Charles Albert Calmette (July 12, 1863 – October 29, 1933) was a French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist, and an important officer of the Pasteur Institute. ... Antivenom (or antivenin, or antivenene) is a biological product used in the treatment of venomous bites. ... Superfamilies and Families Henophidia Aniliidae Anomochilidae Boidae Bolyeriidae Cylindrophiidae Loxocemidae Pythonidae Tropidophiidae Uropeltidae Xenopeltidae Typhlopoidea Anomalepididae Leptotyphlopidae Typhlopidae Xenophidia Acrochordidae Atractaspididae Colubridae Elapidae Hydrophiidae Viperidae Snakes are cold blooded legless reptiles closely related to lizards, which share the order Squamata. ... Smallpox (also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera) is a highly contagious disease unique to humans. ... Genera Pentalagus Bunolagus Nesolagus Romerolagus Brachylagus Sylvilagus Oryctolagus Poelagus Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae, found in many parts of the world. ...

At Lille, he was promoted to Head of Laboratory in 1900. Thereafter, from 1905 to 1915, and from 1918 to 1928 he devoted himself to the research on a vaccine against tuberculosis, in close association with Calmette, until his death in 1933. He discovered in 1905 that the bovine tuberculosis bacillum, the Mycobacterium bovis, could immunize the animals without causing the disease. Henceforth, he and Calmette developed ways of attenuate the pathogenic activity of Mycobacterium, using successive transferrals of culture. In 1908, after successfully obtaining an immunologically active preparation that could be use to produced a vaccine, he published with Calmette the results of what was named the BCG. 1908 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

In 1919 he was promoted again, this time to Head of Services. Finally, in 1921, after 230 passages of the BCG culture, they obtained an effective vaccine that could be used in humans. In 1928 he moved to Paris to became the director of the Tuberculosis Service at the Pasteur Institute.

In 1939 he became vice-president of the "Comité National de Défense contre la Tuberculose" (National Defense Committee against Tuberculosis). In 1948 Guérin was chairman of the First International Congress on BCG. He was also President of the Veterinary Academy of France (1949), and President of the Academy of Medicine (1951). In 1955, the French Academy of Sciences awarded him the Scientific Grand Prix.

He died aged 89, in the Hôpital Pasteur in Paris.

External links

• Jean Marie Camille Guérin (http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2414.html). WhoNamedIt site.
• Camille Guérin (1872-1961) (http://www.pasteur.fr/infosci/archives/gue0.html). Pasteur Institute, Paris (In French).