Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour
1st Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Italy
In office March 23, 1861 – June 7, 1861
Monarch	Victor Emmanuel II
Preceded by	Title Created
Succeeded by	Bettino Ricasoli
Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office March 23, 1861 – June 7, 1861
Prime Minister	Himself
Preceded by	Title Created
Succeeded by	Bettino Ricasoli
Italian Minister of Navy
In office March 23, 1861 – June 7, 1861
Prime Minister	Himself
Preceded by	Title Created
Succeeded by	Federico Luigi, Conte Menabrea
Born	August 10, 1810(1810-08-10) Turin, Kingdom of Sardinia
Died	June 7, 1861 (aged 50) Turin, Kingdom of Italy
Nationality	Italian
Political party	Liberal-Conservative (Historical Right)

Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour (August 10, 1810 – June 7, 1861) was a leading figure in the movement toward Italian unification. He was Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, and ruled it throughout the Second Italian War of Independence and Garibaldi's campaigns to unite Italy (besides a small six-month resignation from the post). Cavour died only three months after the declaration of a united Kingdom of Italy, and thus did not live to see Venetia or Rome included in the kingdom. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x2508, 217 KB) Description: Title: de: Porträt des Camillo Benso di Cavour Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 79 × 64 cm Country of origin: de: Italien Current location (city): de: Mailand Current location (gallery): de: Pinacoteca di Brera Other... In Italy, the President of the Council of Ministers (Italian: Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri) is the countrys prime minister or head of government, and occupies the fourth-most important state office. ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 158th day of the year (159th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy. ... Bettino, baron Ricasoli (March 29, 1809 – October 23, 1880; IPA: ) was an Italian statesman. ... This is a list of Italian Ministers of Foreign Affairs since 1943. ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 158th day of the year (159th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Bettino, baron Ricasoli (March 29, 1809 – October 23, 1880; IPA: ) was an Italian statesman. ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 158th day of the year (159th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Federico Luigi, Conte Menabrea, Marquis of Valdora (September 4, 1809 - May 24, 1896), Italian general and statesman, was born at Chambry. ... is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Turin (disambiguation). ... Kingdom of Sardinia, in 1839: Mainland Piedmont with Savoy, Nice, and Sardinia in the inset. ... is the 158th day of the year (159th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Turin (disambiguation). ... Anthem Marcia Reale dOrdinanza (Royal March of Ordinance)¹ The Kingdom of Italy at the height of its power in 1940. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the style or title of nobility. ... is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... is the 158th day of the year (159th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Italian unification (called in Italian the Risorgimento, or Resurgence) was the political and social process that unified different states of the Italian peninsula into the single nation of Italy. ... Kingdom of Sardinia, in 1839: Mainland Piedmont with Savoy, Nice, and Sardinia in the inset. ... Combatants Second French Empire Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia Austrian Empire Commanders Napoleon III Victor Emmanuel II Giuseppe Garibaldi Ferencz Graf Gyulai Franz Josef I Strength 206,000 242,000 The Second War of Italian Independence, Franco-Austrian War, or Austro-Sardinian War was fought by Napoleon III of France and... Garibaldi in 1866. ... Anthem Marcia Reale dOrdinanza (Royal March of Ordinance)¹ The Kingdom of Italy at the height of its power in 1940. ... Venetia is a name used mostly in a historical context for the area of north-eastern Italy formerly under the control of the Republic of Venice and corresponding approximately to the present-day Italian administrative regions of the Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ...

Cavour, as he is usually referred to, put forth several economic reforms in his home province of Piedmont in his earlier years, and founded the political newspaper Il Risorgimento. After being elected into the Chamber of Deputies, he quickly rose in rank through the Piedmontese government, coming to dominate the Chamber of Deputies through a union of left-center and right-center politicians. After a large rail system expansion program, Cavour became prime minister in 1852. As prime minister, Cavour successfully negotiated Piedmont through the Crimean War, Second Italian War of Independence, and Garibaldi's expeditions, managing to maneuver Piedmont diplomatically to become a new great power in Europe, controlling a nearly united Italy that was five times as large as Piedmont had been before he came to power. For other uses, see Piedmont (disambiguation). ... Il Risorgimento, The Resurgence in Italian, was a liberal, nationalist newspaper founded by Count Camillo Benso di Cavour in 1847. ... Back side of Palazzo Montecitorio designed by architect Ernesto Basile. ... Combatants Allies: Second French Empire British Empire Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Bulgarian volunteers Casualties 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 17,500 British 2,194 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of disease ~134,000 killed, wounded and died of disease The Crimean War (1853–1856) was fought... Combatants Second French Empire Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia Austrian Empire Commanders Napoleon III Victor Emmanuel II Giuseppe Garibaldi Ferencz Graf Gyulai Franz Josef I Strength 206,000 242,000 The Second War of Italian Independence, Franco-Austrian War, or Austro-Sardinian War was fought by Napoleon III of France and... Combatants Kingdom of Italy/Kingdom of Sardinia Aid by United Kingdom Second French Empire Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Commanders Giuseppe Garibaldi Nino Bixio Enrico Cialdini Francis II of the Two Sicilies Ferdinando Lanza Giosuè Ritucci Pietro Carlo Maria Vial de Maton A photograph of Giuseppe Garibaldi in 1860. ... One of the hallmarks of contemporary great power status is permanent membership on the United Nations Security Council. ...

Biography

Early life

Camillo Benso was born in Turin during Napoleonic rule, into a family that had gained a fair amount of land during the French occupation. Cavour was sent to the Turin Military Academy when he was only ten years old. Cavour frequently ran afoul of the authorities in the academy, as he was too headstrong to deal with the rigid military discipline. He was once forced to go three days without any other food than bread and water because he'd been caught with books that the academy had banned. He was found to be apt at mathematical disciplines, and was therefore enlisted in the Engineer Corps in the Piedmontese-Sardinian army in 1827. While in the army, he studied the English language as well as the works of Jeremy Bentham and Benjamin Constant, developing liberal tendencies which made him suspect to police forces at the time.^[1] He resigned his commission in the army in November 1831, both because of boredom with military life and because of his dislike of the new ruler of Piedmont, Charles Albert. For other uses, see Turin (disambiguation). ... The Napoleonic Era is a period in the History of France and Europe. ... Map of the First French Empire in 1811, with the Empire in dark blue and satellite states in light blue Capital Paris Language(s) French Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1804 - 1814/1815 Napoleon I  - 1814/1815 Napoleon II Legislature Parliament  - Upper house Senate  - Lower house Corps législatif Historical era Napoleonic... Polish military engineers at work in Pakistan A military engineer is primarily responsible for the design and construction of offensive, defensive and logistical structures for warfare. ... Kingdom of Sardinia, in 1839: Mainland Piedmont, with Savoia upper left (pink) and Nizza (Nice) lower left (brown) both now French, and Sardinia in the inset The Kingdom of Sardinia is a former kingdom in Italy. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Jeremy Bentham (IPA: ) (26 February [O.S. 15 February 15] 1748) – June 6, 1832) was an English jurist, philosopher, and legal and social reformer. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Classical liberalism (also known as traditional liberalism[1] and laissez-faire liberalism[2]) is a doctrine stressing the importance of human rationality, individual property rights, natural rights, the protection of civil liberties, constitutional limitations of government, free markets, and individual freedom from restraint as exemplified in the writings of Adam... Charles Albert of Sardinia Charles Albert (October 2, 1798 – July 28, 1849) was the Duke of Savoy, Piedmont, Aosta and King of Sardinia from 1831 to 1849. ...

Cavour then spent his time in Switzerland, along with his Protestant relatives in Geneva. He grew acquainted with Calvinist teachings, and for a short while he converted from a form of unorthodox Catholicism, only to go back later. A Reformed pastor, Alexandre Vinet, impressed upon Cavour the need for the separation of church and state, a doctrine Cavour followed for the remainder of his life. He then traveled to Paris where he was impressed by parliamentary debates, especially those of François Guizot and Adolphe Thiers, confirming his devotion to a political career. Afterwards, he left for London, where he was much more disappointed by their politics, though continuing to tour the country, heading to Oxford, Liverpool, Birmingham, Chester, Nottingham, and Manchester. A quicker tour through the Netherlands, Germany, and Switzerland (German part and Lake of Geneva) eventually landed him back in Turin. Protestantism encompasses the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated with the doctrines of the Reformation. ... Geneva (pronunciation //; French: Genève //, German:   //, Italian: Ginevra //, Romansh: Genevra) is the second most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich), and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French-speaking part of Switzerland). ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Relation to other religions Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      Calvinism... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      As a... -1... Alexandre Rodolphe Vinet (June 17, 1797 _ May 4, 1847), was a French critic and theologian. ... Constantines Conversion, depicting the conversion of Emperor Constantine the Great to Christianity, by Peter Paul Rubens. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... François Pierre Guillaume Guizot (October 4, 1787 -September 12, 1874) was a French historian, orator and statesman. ... A caricature of Adolphe Thiers charging on the Paris Commune, published in Le Père Duchêne illustré Louis Adolphe Thiers (April 16, 1797–September 3, 1877) was a French statesman and historian. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... This article is about the city of Oxford in England. ... For other uses, see Liverpool (disambiguation). ... This article is about the British city. ... , For the larger local government district, see Chester (district). ... For other uses, see Nottingham (disambiguation). ... This article is about the City of Manchester in England. ...

Between 1838 and 1842 Cavour began several initiatives in attempts to solve economic problems in his area. Firstly he experimented with different agricultural techniques on his estate, such as the use of sugar beet, and was one of the first Italian landowners to use chemical fertilizers.^[2] He also founded the Piedmontese Agricultural Society. Cavour was a heavy supporter of transportation by steam engine, sponsoring the building of many railroads and canals. In his spare time, he again travelled extensively, mostly in France and the UK. Two sugar beets - the one on the left has been cultivated to be smoother than the traditional beet, so that it traps less soil. ... // The term steam engine may also refer to an entire railroad steam locomotive. ...

Political career

Cavour truly began to reintegrate himself into Piedmontese society in 1847, when he became a political journalist with his newspaper Il Risorgimento in Turin. The new "liberal" pope, Pius IX, spawned a new movement of Italian liberalism, allowing Cavour to enter the political arena, no longer in fear of the police. He then gave a speech in front of many journalists in favor of a constitution for Piedmont, which was eventually granted. Cavour, unlike several other political thinkers, was not at first offered a position in the new Chamber of Deputies, as he was still a somewhat suspicious character to many. Il Risorgimento, The Resurgence in Italian, was a liberal, nationalist newspaper founded by Count Camillo Benso di Cavour in 1847. ... Pope Pius IX (May 13, 1792 – February 7, 1878), born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from his election in June 16, 1846, until his death more than 31 years later in 1878. ... Back side of Palazzo Montecitorio designed by architect Ernesto Basile. ...

Cavour never planned for the establishment of a united country, and even later during his Premiership he favoured an expanded Piedmont rather than a unified Italy. He referred to Daniele Manin as having talked about "the unity of Italy and other nonsense." ^[3] Yet like most Italians he resented the control that Austria had over the country as a whole. Therefore when an uprising in Milan against the Austrians occurred in 1848, Cavour was one of many who advocated the war that followed as the chance to expel the Austrians once and for all. However the war was unsuccessful for the Piedmontese, mainly due to their inexperience in war. Cavour, however, was finally brought in to the Chamber of Deputies. Sitting on the right as a conservative, he gained a reputation as a non-revolutionary progressive. He had trouble publicly speaking as he tended to speak French privately but preferred to attempt speaking in Italian in Parliament. Cavour then lost the next election, while the Piedmontese army was destroyed at the Battle of Novara, leading Charles Albert to abdicate, leaving his son, Victor Emmanuel II in charge. Danièle Manin (May 13, 1804 - September 22, 1857), Venetian patriot and statesman, was born in Venice. ... Type Anti-tank Nationality Joint France/Germany Era Cold War, modern Launch platform Individual, Vehicle Target Vehicle, Fortification History Builder MBDA, Bharat Dynamics (under license) Date of design 70s Production period since 1972 Service duration since 1972 Operators 41 countries Variants MILAN 1, MILAN 2, MILAN 2T, MILAN 3, MILAN... Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favor tradition and gradual change, where tradition refers to religious, cultural, or nationally defined beliefs and customs. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For the 1513 Battle of Novara, see Battle of Novara (1513). ... King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy. ...

Cavour was then brought back into Parliament by the voters, where he was much more successful. His knowledge of European markets and modern economy earned him the position as Minister of Marine, Commerce, and Agriculture in 1850. Cavour soon came to dominate the cabinet and united the Right Center and the Left Center in the chamber to show dominance there as well. In 1851, Cavour gained a Cabinet promotion to Minister of Finance by working against his colleague from inside the Cabinet in a somewhat disreputable takeover, though it was to Piedmont's advantage through his many economic reforms. This allowed Cavour to begin his vast railway expansion program, giving Piedmont 800 kilometres of track by the year 1860, one third of the railways in Italy at the time. The finance minister is a cabinet position in a government. ...

Prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia

These moves eventually earned him the title of Prime Minister of Piedmont on 4 November 1852. Cavour was generally liberal and believed in free trade, public right of opinion, and secular rule, but was still an enemy of the republicans and revolutionaries inside Piedmont, attempting to balance their needs. Cavour is criticised for a number of controversial methods he used while prime minister, including excessive use of emergency powers, employing friends, bribing newspapers while suppressing others, and rigging elections, though these things were fairly common for the time. Still, Cavour's career as prime minister can be considered one of the most successful of all time, given that when he took up the post, Piedmont had just suffered a horrible loss to Austria, and when Cavour died, Victor Emmanuel II ruled a state five times as large, now ranking among Europe's great powers. A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... For other uses, see Piedmont (disambiguation). ... is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Free trade is an economic concept referring to the selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers. ... One of the hallmarks of contemporary great power status is permanent membership on the United Nations Security Council. ...

In early 1854, the Crimean War broke out, pitting Great Britain, France, and the Ottomans against Russia. The allied powers of Britain and France asked Piedmont to enter the war partially in order to encourage Austria to enter, which they would not do unless they were certain that Piedmontese troops were not available to fight in Italy. Cavour, who hoped that support for the western allies would lead to their support for Sardinia's ambitions in Italy, agreed as soon as his colleagues' support would allow, and entered the war on France and Britain's side on January 10, 1855, too late to truly distinguish themselves militarily, yet the entry turned out to be a useful political move for Piedmont's future. Their 18,000 man contingent did manage to earn Piedmont a position at the Peace Congress in Paris where Cavour was able to make some small complaints about the condition of non-Piedmont sections of Italy. Combatants Allies: Second French Empire British Empire Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Bulgarian volunteers Casualties 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 17,500 British 2,194 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of disease ~134,000 killed, wounded and died of disease The Crimean War (1853–1856) was fought... is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1855 (MDCCCLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

In January 1858, the Italian Felice Orsini's attempt at murdering Napoleon III paradoxically opened up a new possibility at diplomacy between France and Italy. While in jail awaiting trial, Orsini wrote a publicly published letter to the Emperor of the French, ending with "Remember that, so long as Italy is not independent, the peace of Europe and Your Majesty is but an empty dream... Set my country free, and the blessings of twenty-five million people will follow you everywhere and forever." ^[4] Orsini would still be executed, but Napoleon III would begin to explore the possibility of joint operation with Piedmont against Austria. Cavour and Napoleon would meet in July 1858 at Plombières-les-Bains, and the two agreed that Piedmont would attempt to enter war by engineering a conflict with the Duchy of Modena, obliging Austria to enter, and France would come to aid Piedmont. Cavour also reluctantly agreed to cede Savoy and Nice to France if aid was given in war. A royal marriage was proposed and carried out between Princess Clotilde and Prince Napoleon to seal the agreement, surprisingly made without Victor Emmanuel's consent.^[5] Felice Orsini (1819 - March 13, 1858) was an Italian revolutionary who tried to assassinate Napoleon III. Felice Orsini was born at Meldola in Romagna. ... Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte (April 20, 1808 - January 9, 1873) was the son of King Louis Bonaparte and Queen Hortense de Beauharnais; both monarchs of the French puppet state, the Kingdom of Holland. ... The Thermes Napoléon in Plombières-les-Bains Plombières-les-Bains is a commune and spa town of France, situated in the the French département of Vosges in the region of Lorraine. ... The Duchy of Modena (in full, the Duchies of Modena and Reggio) was a small Italian state that existed (with a break between 1796 and 1814) from 1452 to 1859. ... Flag of Savoy This article is about the historical region of Savoy. ... Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Coordinates Administration Country Region Provence-Alpes-Côte dAzur Department Alpes-Maritimes (06) Intercommunality Community of Agglomeration Nice Côte dAzur Mayor Jacques Peyrat (UMP) (since 1995) Statistics Land area¹ 71. ... Maria Clotilde of Savoy photographed by di Etienne Neurdein. ... Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte (Trieste, Italy, September 9, 1822-Rome, Italy March 17, 1891) was the son of Jerome Bonaparte and Catharina of Württemberg. ...

Both France and Piedmont began to prepare for war, but diplomatic support for the war appeared to be diminishing rapidly. Napoleon III was quickly souring on the idea, and Britain, Prussia, and Russia were proposing an international congress, with one point likely to be the disarmament of Piedmont. Piedmont was saved from this situation by Austria's sending an ultimatum on April 23, demanding that Piedmont disarm itself, and casting Austria as an aggressor. France immediately mobilised its army and slowly began to enter Italy, but Piedmont would need to defend itself for a short period. Rainstorms and Austrian indecision under Ferencz Graf Gyulai allowed France time to enter position. is the 113th day of the year (114th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

The following battles of Magenta and Solferino managed to give the Franco-Piedmontese forces control over Lombardy and a victorious position, though the Austrians remained confident in defending their "fortress quadrilateral" area, with four fortresses in Verona, Legnano, Peschiera, and Mantua. These defenses, the horrors of the Battle of Solferino, the possibility of German entry into the war, and the potential for an overly strong Piedmontese state convinced Napoleon to sign a separate peace with Austria in the Treaty of Villafranca on July 11, 1859, ending the Second Italian War of Independence. Cavour was so infuriated after reading the terms of the treaty that he tendered his resignation to Victor Emmanuel, who was accepting peace due to Piedmont's inability to fight Austria alone. Cavour would quickly regain confidence, as several of the terms, such as the restoration to power of the rulers of Tuscany and Modena, would not actually be carried out. For now, General La Marmora succeeded Cavour's post and insisted on following Villafranca, even sending a letter to Tuscany asking that they restore their Grand Duke. Bettino Ricasoli, virtual dictator of Tuscany at the time, wrote about this appeal to his brother, saying "Tell General La Mormora that I have torn his letter into a thousand pieces."^[6] France would continue direct talks with Piedmont on the destiny of the central Italian states, as all of them at the time were ruled by dictators supporting merging with Piedmont, but were restrained from doing so by the treaty, which called for them to return to their old governments. Combatants French Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Austrian Empire Commanders Napoleon III Ferencz Gyulaj Strength 59,100 91 guns 125,000 [2] Casualties 657 dead 3,858 wounded 1,368 dead 4,538 wounded 4,500 captured Map of the Second Italian War of Independence The Battle of Magenta was fought... Combatants French Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Austrian Empire Commanders Napoleon III Victor Emmanuel II Franz Joseph Strength 118,600 about 100,000 Casualties 2,492 dead 12,512 wounded 2,922 captured or missing 3,000 dead 10,807 wounded 8,638 captured or missing The Battle of Solferino, also... This article is about the city in Italy. ... Legnano is a city in northern Italy, northwest of Milan, with a population of roughly 56,000. ... Peschiera del Garda (Latin: Ardelica, Arilica and Ariolica), is a town and comune in the province of Verona, in Veneto, Italy. ... For other uses, see Mantua (disambiguation). ... Combatants Second French Empire Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia Austrian Empire Commanders Napoleon III Victor Emmanuel II Giuseppe Garibaldi Ferencz Graf Gyulai Franz Josef I Strength 206,000 242,000 The Second War of Italian Independence, Franco-Austrian War, or Austro-Sardinian War was fought by Napoleon III of France and... is the 192nd day of the year (193rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1859 (MDCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Combatants Second French Empire Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia Austrian Empire Commanders Napoleon III Victor Emmanuel II Giuseppe Garibaldi Ferencz Graf Gyulai Franz Josef I Strength 206,000 242,000 The Second War of Italian Independence, Franco-Austrian War, or Austro-Sardinian War was fought by Napoleon III of France and... For other uses, see Tuscany (disambiguation). ... Modena (Mòdna in Modenese dialect) is a city and a province on the south side of the Po valley, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. ... Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora (November 18, 1804–January 5, 1878) was a Pornstar for the company Weapons of Ass Destruction and a patriot. ... Bettino, baron Ricasoli (March 29, 1809 – October 23, 1880; IPA: ) was an Italian statesman. ...

Cavour had retired to his estate at Leri, closely monitoring events during his short absence from power, but soon became impatient with government proceedings and actively entered politics again, immediately forcing La Marmora to resign due to Cavour's control of the chamber. Victor Emmanuel was very reluctant to assign Cavour to be prime minister, due both to their quarrel over Villafranca and Cavour's success in restricting the king from marrying his mistress after the queen's death. Cavour was however sent for on January 20, 1860 to again take over the government. is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ...

Cavour immediately negotiated with Napoleon, agreeing to finally cede Savoy and Nice in order to annex Tuscany and Emilia. Plebiscites in Tuscany and Emilia came out as huge majorities in favor of unification, though still with a number of abstentions supporting the old government. Garibaldi was furious at finding that his birthplace, Nice, had become a French city, but Cavour managed to convince most that uniting Italy would make up for these small territorial losses. With this, the first stage of unification was completed, and it would be Garibaldi's turn to bring southern Italy into Piedmont's control. Emilia-Romagna is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. ...

Garibaldi, still fuming at the loss of his hometown to France, wished to recapture the city, but a popular insurrection in Palermo on April 4, 1860 diverted him from pursuing that cause. Garibaldi requested a brigade from the Piedmontese army to take Sicily from the Bourbon Neapolitans who ruled it at the time, but was immediately refused one by Cavour. A band of volunteers was instead brought together, who would come to be known as I Mille, or the Thousand. This small group of redshirts landed at Marsala in Sicily on May 11, later to fight the battles of Calatafimi and Milazzo, consolidating Sicily in Garibaldi's power. Cavour attempted to immediately annex Sicily to the Piedmontese, but Garibaldi and his accomplice Francesco Crispi would not allow it. is the 94th day of the year (95th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... Also see:  Early Modern France The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. ... The Two Sicilies The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Italian: il Regno delle Due Sicilie) was the new name that the Bourbon King Ferdinand IV of Naples bestowed upon his domain (including Southern Italy and the island of Sicily) after the end of the Napoleonic Era and the full restoration... During the Italian Risorgimento, the volunteers that followed Garibaldi in southern Italy were called Redshirts (Camicie rosse) because of the colour of their shirts (complete uniforms were beyond the finances of the italian patriots). ... For other uses, see Redshirt. ... Marsala is a seaport city located in the Province of Trapani on the island of Sicily in Italy. ... is the 131st day of the year (132nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Francesco Crispi (October 4, 1819 – August 12, 1901) was a 19th century Italian politician. ...

Cavour persuaded Victor Emmanuel II to write a letter to Garibaldi requesting that he not invade the mainland; the letter was indeed sent, but Victor Emmanuel secretly wished for Garibaldi to invade, owning(writing?) a second letter asking him to go ahead which was apparently never sent.^[7]. Cavour realized these efforts were fruitless, and attempted to stir up a liberal revolution in Naples, but the populace was not receptive. Garibaldi invaded the mainland anyway, attempting to reach Naples quickly before Cavour found a way to stop him. On September 7, Garibaldi successfully entered Naples, at that time the largest city in Italy. Southern Italy and Sicily were now under Garibaldi, who ruled with dictatorial powers. Garibaldi also publicly demanded that Cavour be removed from his post as prime minister, alienating him slightly from Victor Emmanuel II. Location of the city of Naples (red dot) within Italy. ... is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Garibaldi was not willing to stop at this point, however, and planned for an immediate invasion of the Papal States and Rome. Cavour knew that France may declare war if such an invasion happened, and would successfully stop Garibaldi from initiating his attack. Garibaldi had been weakened by the Battle of Volturno, so Cavour quickly invaded the Papal regions of Umbria and the Marches. This linked the territories owned by Piedmont with those taken by Garibaldi, and the king met Garibaldi halfway at Naples, where Garibaldi handed over power of southern Italy and Sicily, uniting Italy. Coat of arms Map of the Papal States; the reddish area was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy in 1860, the rest (grey) in 1870. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... Combatants Giuseppe Garibaldi Kingdom of Sardinia Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Commanders Giuseppe Garibaldi Giosuè Ritucci Strength 24,000 41,000 Casualties 306 casualties, 1,328 wounded, 389 prisoners 308 casualties, 820 wounded, 2,160 prisoners The Battle of Volturnus or Volturno refers to a series of military clashes between... Umbria is a region of central Italy, bordered by Tuscany to the west, the Marche to the east and Lazio to the south. ... The Marche (plural, originally from le marche de Ancona, referring to the March of Ancona) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. ...

Prime minister of Italy

On March 17, 1861, Victor Emmanuel II became the King of Italy, making Cavour officially prime minister of Italy. Cavour had many stressful topics that all needed consideration, including how to create a national military, which legal institutions should be kept for where, the future of Rome, which most still believed must be capital of a united Italy, and any number of other concerns. Cavour believed that Rome should remain "a free church in a free state", allowed to maintain its independence though forced to give up temporal power.^[8] Still Austrian Venetia was also a problem. Cavour recognized that Venice must be an integral part of Italy, but refused to take a stance on how to achieve it, saying "Will the deliverance of Venice come by arms or diplomacy? I do not know. It is the secret of providence."^[9] A motion approving of his foreign policy passed by a huge majority, basically only opposed by both left and right-wing extremist groups. is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... King of Italy is a title adopted by many rulers after the fall of the Roman Empire. ... Venetia is a name used mostly in a historical context for the area of north-eastern Italy formerly under the control of the Republic of Venice and corresponding approximately to the present-day Italian administrative regions of the Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia. ... For other uses, see Venice (disambiguation). ...

Creating Italy was no easy task, but ruling it proved a worse strain on the Prime Minister. In 1861, at the peak of his career, months of long days coupled with insomnia and constant worry took their toll on Cavour. He fell ill, presumably of malaria, and to make matters worse, insisted upon being bled. His regular doctor would have refused, but he was not available, so Cavour was bled several times until it was nearly impossible to draw any blood from him. He died on June 7 of a stroke, fifty years old.^[10] His last words were reportedly "Italy is made. All is safe."^[11] This quote was surprisingly optimistic compared to how most Europeans were greeting the unification of Italy, as Napoleon said upon hearing of Cavour's death, "The driver has fallen from the box; now we must see if the horses will bolt or go back to the stable".^[12] Massimo d'Azeglio, the prime minister of Piedmont before Cavour, asked "Who now is going to be the counterweight to Mazzini and Garibaldi? Who now can keep the revolution safe indoors like some domesticated hyena?" ^[13] Despite these comments, Italy would gain Venice in 1866 through the Austro-Prussian War and Rome in 1870 after the Pope's declaration of papal infallibility and France's defeat at Sedan, completing the unification that few thought could be finished without Cavour. Today, many Italian cities have important streets or squares named for him, e.g. Trieste, Rome and Naples. The new Marina Militare aircraft carrier Cavour is also named in his honor. This unit was preceded by the famous battleship Conte di Cavour, which fought both in World War I and World War II. is the 158th day of the year (159th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Stroke (disambiguation). ... Massimo Taparelli, marquis dAzeglio (1798 - January 15, 1866), was an Italian statesman and novelist. ... Subfamilies and Genera Hyaeninae Crocuta Hyaena Parahyaena Protelinae Proteles Hyenas or Hyænas are moderately large terrestrial carnivores native to Africa, Arabia, Asia and the Indian subcontinent. ... Combatants Austria, Saxony, Bavaria, Baden, Württemberg, Hanover and some minor German States (formerly as the German Confederation) Prussia, Italy, and some minor German States Strength 600,000 Austrians and German allies 500,000 Prussians and German allies 300,000 Italians Casualties 20,000 dead or wounded 37,000 dead... In Catholic theology, papal infallibility is the dogma that, by action of the Holy Spirit, the Pope is preserved from even the possibility of error[1] when he solemnly declares or promulgates to the Church a dogmatic teaching on faith or morals as being contained in divine revelation, or at... Combatants Prussia Bavaria France Commanders Wilhelm I Helmuth von Moltke Napoleon III Patrice MacMahon Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot Strength 200,000 774 cannon 120,000 564 cannon Casualties 2,320 dead 5,980 wounded 700 missing (9,000 total) 3,000 dead 14,000 wounded 21,000 captured 82,000 surrendered... For other uses, see Trieste (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... Location of the city of Naples (red dot) within Italy. ... Marina Militare naval jack Marina Militare (the Italian Navy) is one of the four branches of the military forces of Italy. ... Cavour (550) is an Italian aircraft carrier (CVS). ... Conte di Cavour was an Italian Conte di Cavour class battleship, that served in the Regia Marina during World War I and World War II. It was named after the Italian statesman Count Camillo Benso di Cavour. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

See also

• History of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars
• Unification of Italy
• Italian Wars of Independence

This is the history of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars. ... Italian unification, also known as Risorgimento (resurrection), was a historical process by which the Kingdom of Sardinia (ruled by the Savoy dynasty with Turin as its capital) gradually conquered the Italian peninsula, including the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, the Duchy of Modena, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the Duchy... The evolution of the process that would finally have brought to the Italian Unification (Risorgimento), the Italian Independence wars were three wars fought against Austria between 1848 and 1866 and ended with the conquest of the whole Italian territory. ...

Notes

References

• Beales, Derek & Eugenio Biagini. The Risorgimento and the Unification of Italy. Second Edition. London: Longman, 2002. ISBN 0-582-36958-4
• Di Scala, Spencer. Italy: From Revolution to Republic, 1700 to the Present. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2004. ISBN 0-8133-4176-0
• Holt, Edgar. The Making of Italy: 1815-1870. New York: Murray Printing Company, 1971. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 76-135573
• Kertzer, David. Prisoner of the Vatican. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. ISBN 0-618-22442-4
• Norwich, John Julius. The Middle Sea: A History of the Mediterranean. New York: Doubleday, 2006. ISBN 978-0-385-51023-3
• Smith, Denis Mack. Italy: A Modern History. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1959. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 5962503

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Count Camillo Benso di Cavour

Longman is a firm of English publishers. ... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Largest metro area Denver-Aurora Metro Area Area  Ranked 8th  - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 km²)  - Width 280 miles (451 km)  - Length 380 miles (612 km)  - % water 0. ... Westview Press was founded in 1975 in Boulder Colorado by Fred Praeger. ... Houghton Mifflin Company is a leading educational publisher in the United States. ... Doubleday is one of the largest book publishing companies in the world. ... The University of Michigan Press is a publisher and part of the University of Michigan. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...

External links

• Online profile

v • d • e Prime ministers of Italy
Kingdom of Italy	Cavour · Ricasoli · Rattazzi · Farini · Minghetti · La Marmora · Ricasoli · Rattazzi · Menabrea · Lanza · Minghetti · Depretis · Cairoli · Depretis · Cairoli · Depretis · Crispi · Starrabba · Giolitti · Crispi · Starrabba · Pelloux · Saracco · Zanardelli · Giolitti · Tittoni · Fortis · Sonnino · Giolitti · Sonnino · Luzzatti · Giolitti · Salandra · Boselli · Orlando · Nitti · Giolitti · Bonomi · Facta · Mussolini · Badoglio · Bonomi · Parri · De Gasperi In Italy, the President of the Council of Ministers (Italian: Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri) is the countrys prime minister or head of government, and occupies the fourth-most important state office. ... Bettino, baron Ricasoli (March 29, 1809 – October 23, 1880; IPA: ) was an Italian statesman. ... This is a list of Italian Ministers of Foreign Affairs since 1943. ... Bettino, baron Ricasoli (March 29, 1809 – October 23, 1880; IPA: ) was an Italian statesman. ... Federico Luigi, Conte Menabrea, Marquis of Valdora (September 4, 1809 - May 24, 1896), Italian general and statesman, was born at Chambry. ... In Italy, the President of the Council of Ministers (Italian: Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri) is the countrys prime minister or head of government, and occupies the fourth-most important state office. ... Anthem Marcia Reale dOrdinanza (Royal March of Ordinance)¹ The Kingdom of Italy at the height of its power in 1940. ... Bettino, baron Ricasoli (March 29, 1809 – October 23, 1880; IPA: ) was an Italian statesman. ... Urbano Rattazzi (June 20, 1808 – June 5, 1873) was an Italian statesman. ... Luigi Carlo Farini (October 22, 1812 - August 1, 1866), Italian statesman and historian, was born at Russi, near Ravenna. ... Marco Minghetti (November 18, 1818 – December 10, 1886) was an Italian economist and statesman. ... Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora (November 18, 1804–January 5, 1878) was a Pornstar for the company Weapons of Ass Destruction and a patriot. ... Bettino, baron Ricasoli (March 29, 1809 – October 23, 1880; IPA: ) was an Italian statesman. ... Urbano Rattazzi (June 20, 1808 – June 5, 1873) was an Italian statesman. ... Federico Luigi, Conte Menabrea, Marquis of Valdora (September 4, 1809 - May 24, 1896), Italian general and statesman, was born at Chambry. ... Domenico Giovanni Giuseppe Maria Lanza (February 15, 1810 - March 9, 1882), Italian politician, was born at Casale, Piedmont. ... Marco Minghetti (November 18, 1818 – December 10, 1886) was an Italian economist and statesman. ... Agostino Depretis (January 31, 1813 – July 29, 1887) was an Italian statesman. ... Benedetto Cairoli (January 28, 1825 – August 8, 1889) was an Italian statesman. ... Agostino Depretis (January 31, 1813 – July 29, 1887) was an Italian statesman. ... Benedetto Cairoli (January 28, 1825 – August 8, 1889) was an Italian statesman. ... Agostino Depretis (January 31, 1813 – July 29, 1887) was an Italian statesman. ... Francesco Crispi (October 4, 1819 – August 12, 1901) was a 19th century Italian politician. ... Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì (April 16, 1839 – August 7, 1908) was Prime Minister of Italy between 1891 and 1892 and from 1896 until 1898. ... Giovanni Giolitti (October 27, 1842–July 17, 1928) was an Italian statesman. ... Francesco Crispi (October 4, 1819 – August 12, 1901) was a 19th century Italian politician. ... Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì (April 16, 1839 – August 7, 1908) was Prime Minister of Italy between 1891 and 1892 and from 1896 until 1898. ... Luigi Pelloux (March 1, 1839 - October 26, 1924) was an Italian general and politician, born of parents who retained their Italian nationality when Savoy was annexed to France. ... Giuseppe Saracco (October 6, 1821 - January 19, 1907), Italian politician and financier, and knight of the Annunziata, was born at Bistagno. ... Giuseppe Zanardelli (October 29, 1826 - December 26, 1903) was an Italian jurisconsult, nationalist and political figure. ... Giovanni Giolitti (October 27, 1842–July 17, 1928) was an Italian statesman. ... Tommaso Tittoni (November 16, 1855 - February 7, 1931) was an italian diplomat, politician and knight of the Annunziata, born in Rome, where he turn back only in 1870, because his Father Vincenzo, a devoted to the Risorgimento, in 1860 was forced to flee the Papal States. ... Alessandro Fortis (September 16, 1842 – December 4, 1909) in Forlì, Papal States was an Italian politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy from 1905 to 1906. ... Baron Giorgio Sidney Sonnino (March 11, 1847 – November 24, 1922) was an Italian politician. ... Giovanni Giolitti (October 27, 1842–July 17, 1928) was an Italian statesman. ... Baron Giorgio Sidney Sonnino (March 11, 1847 – November 24, 1922) was an Italian politician. ... Luigi Luzzatti (March 11, 1841–March 29, 1927) was an Italian political figure. ... Giovanni Giolitti (October 27, 1842–July 17, 1928) was an Italian statesman. ... Antonio Salandra (Troia, Foggia province, 1853 - Rome, 1931) was a conservative Italian politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy between 1914 and 1916. ... Paolo Boselli (Savona, June 8, 1838 - Rome, March 10, 1932) was an Italian politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy during World War I. Boselli, a relatively undistinguished politician of the right-center who, at 78, was one of the oldest deputies in the Italian parliament, was appointed Prime... Vittorio Orlando Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (May 19, 1860 - December 1, 1952) was an Italian diplomat and political figure. ... Francesco Saverio Vincenzo de Paola Nitti (Melfi, July 19, 1868 - Rome, February 20, 1953) was an Italian economist and political figure. ... Giovanni Giolitti (October 27, 1842–July 17, 1928) was an Italian statesman. ... Ivanoe Bonomi (October 18, 1873 April 20, 1951) was an Italian politician and statesman. ... Luigi Facta (November 16, 1861 - November 5, 1930) was an Italian politician and journalist. ... Mussolini redirects here. ... Pietro Badoglio (September 28, 1871 - November 1, 1956) was an Italian soldier and politician. ... Ivanoe Bonomi (October 18, 1873 April 20, 1951) was an Italian politician and statesman. ... Ferruccio Parri (January 19, 1890 - December 8, 1981), Pinerolo, Piedmont was an Italian politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy for several months in 1945. ... Alcide De Gasperi (3 April 1881 – 19 August 1954) was an Italian statesman and politician. ...
Italian Republic	De Gasperi · Pella · Fanfani · Scelba · Segni · Zoli · Fanfani · Segni · Tambroni · Fanfani · Leone · Moro · Leone · Rumor · Colombo · Andreotti · Rumor · Moro · Andreotti · Cossiga · Forlani · Spadolini · Fanfani · Craxi · Fanfani · Goria · De Mita · Andreotti · Amato · Ciampi · Berlusconi · Dini · Prodi · D'Alema · Amato · Berlusconi · Prodi Image File history File links CoA_fam_ITA_savoia. ... Image File history File links Italy-Emblem. ... Alcide De Gasperi (3 April 1881 – 19 August 1954) was an Italian statesman and politician. ... Giuseppe Pella (April 18, 1902-1981) was an Italian Christian Democratic politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy from 1953 to 1954. ... Amintore Fanfani (6 February 1908 – 20 November 1999) was an Italian politician and Prime Minister. ... Mario Scelba (1901-1991) was an Italian Christian Democratic politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy from 1954-1955. ... Antonio Segni (February 2, 1891 – December 1, 1972) was an Italian politician who was President of the Italian Republic from 1962 to 1964. ... Adone Zoli (December 16, 1887 – February 20, 1960) was an Italian politician of the Christian Democratic Party. ... Amintore Fanfani (6 February 1908 – 20 November 1999) was an Italian politician and Prime Minister. ... Antonio Segni (February 2, 1891 – December 1, 1972) was an Italian politician who was President of the Italian Republic from 1962 to 1964. ... Fernando Tambroni [Fernando Tambroni Armaroli] (Ascoli Piceno 1901 – Roma 1963) was an Italian politician of the Christian Democratic Party. ... Amintore Fanfani (6 February 1908 – 20 November 1999) was an Italian politician and Prime Minister. ... Giovanni Leone (November 3, 1908 – November 9, 2001) was an Italian politician. ... Aldo Moro (September 23, 1916 in Maglie – May 9, 1978 in Rome) was an Italian politician and five time Prime Minister of Italy, from 1963 to 1968, and then from 1974 to 1976. ... Giovanni Leone (November 3, 1908 – November 9, 2001) was an Italian politician. ... Mariano Rumor (June 16, 1915 – 22 January 1990) was an Italian politician, a member of the Democrazia Cristiana and several times Prime Minister of Italy. ... Emilio Colombo (born April 11, 1920) is an Italian diplomat and politician. ... Giulio Andreotti (born 14 January 1919 in Rome) is an Italian politician of the centrist Christian Democratic party who served as Prime Minister of Italy 1972-1973, 1976-1979 and 1989-1992. ... Mariano Rumor (June 16, 1915 – 22 January 1990) was an Italian politician, a member of the Democrazia Cristiana and several times Prime Minister of Italy. ... Aldo Moro (September 23, 1916 in Maglie – May 9, 1978 in Rome) was an Italian politician and five time Prime Minister of Italy, from 1963 to 1968, and then from 1974 to 1976. ... Giulio Andreotti (born 14 January 1919 in Rome) is an Italian politician of the centrist Christian Democratic party who served as Prime Minister of Italy 1972-1973, 1976-1979 and 1989-1992. ... Francesco Cossiga (born July 26, 1928) is an Italian politician and former President of the Italian Republic. ... Arnaldo Forlani (born December 8, 1925) is an Italian statesman who served as Prime Minister of Italy from October 18, 1980 through May 26, 1981. ... Giovanni Spadolini (Florence, June 21, 1925 – Rome, August 6, 1994) was a liberal Italian politician, prime minister, newspaper editor, journalist, and a noted historian. ... Amintore Fanfani (6 February 1908 – 20 November 1999) was an Italian politician and Prime Minister. ... Benedetto (Bettino) Craxi (February 24, 1934 – January 19, 2000) was an Italian politician, head of the Italian Socialist Party from 1976 to 1993, the first socialist President of the Council of Ministers of Italy from 1983 to 1987. ... Amintore Fanfani (6 February 1908 – 20 November 1999) was an Italian politician and Prime Minister. ... Giovanni Giuseppe Goria (July 30, 1943- May 21, 1994) was an Italian politician. ... Ciriaco Luigi de Mita (born February 2, 1928) is an Italian politician. ... Giulio Andreotti (born 14 January 1919 in Rome) is an Italian politician of the centrist Christian Democratic party who served as Prime Minister of Italy 1972-1973, 1976-1979 and 1989-1992. ... Giuliano Amato (born May 13, 1938) is an Italian politician. ... Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (born 9 December 1920 in Livorno) is an Italian politician and banker who has been both Prime Minister of Italy and President of the Italian Republic. ...   (born September 29, 1936) is an Italian politician, entrepreneur, and media proprietor. ... Lamberto Dini (right) with William Cohen Lamberto Dini (born in Florence, March 1, 1931), is a former Italian Prime Minister (1995-1996) and Foreign Minister (1996-2001). ... Prodi redirects here. ... Massimo DAlema (born April 20, 1949) is an Italian politician, currently Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Vice President of the Council of Ministers of Italy. ... Giuliano Amato (born May 13, 1938) is an Italian politician. ...   (born September 29, 1936) is an Italian politician, entrepreneur, and media proprietor. ... Prodi redirects here. ...

v • d • e Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs
Kingdom of Italy	Cavour · Ricasoli · Rattazzi · Pasolini · Visconti-Venosta · La Marmora · Visconti-Venosta · Campello · Menabrea · Visconti-Venosta · Melefari · Depretis · Corti · Cairoli · Depretis · Cairoli · Mancini · Depretis · Robilant · Depretis · Crispi · Starabba di Rudinì · Brin · De Blanc · Caetani · Capelli · Canevaro · Visconti-Venosta · Prinetti · Tittoni · Paternò-Castello · Guicciardini · Tittoni · Guicciardini · Paternò-Castello · Barone Sidney Sonnino · Tittoni · Scialoja · Sforza · Tommasi della Torretta · Schanzer · Mussolini · Grandi · Mussolini · Ciano · Mussolini · Guariglia · Badoglio · Bonomi · De Gasperi This is a list of Italian Ministers of Foreign Affairs since 1943. ... Anthem Marcia Reale dOrdinanza (Royal March of Ordinance)¹ The Kingdom of Italy at the height of its power in 1940. ... Bettino, baron Ricasoli (March 29, 1809 – October 23, 1880; IPA: ) was an Italian statesman. ... Urbano Rattazzi (June 20, 1808 – June 5, 1873) was an Italian statesman. ... Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora (November 18, 1804–January 5, 1878) was a Pornstar for the company Weapons of Ass Destruction and a patriot. ... Federico Luigi, Conte Menabrea, Marquis of Valdora (September 4, 1809 - May 24, 1896), Italian general and statesman, was born at Chambry. ... Agostino Depretis (January 31, 1813 – July 29, 1887) was an Italian statesman. ... Benedetto Cairoli (January 28, 1825 – August 8, 1889) was an Italian statesman. ... Agostino Depretis (January 31, 1813 – July 29, 1887) was an Italian statesman. ... Benedetto Cairoli (January 28, 1825 – August 8, 1889) was an Italian statesman. ... Agostino Depretis (January 31, 1813 – July 29, 1887) was an Italian statesman. ... Agostino Depretis (January 31, 1813 – July 29, 1887) was an Italian statesman. ... Francesco Crispi (October 4, 1819 – August 12, 1901) was a 19th century Italian politician. ... Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì (April 16, 1839 – August 7, 1908) was Prime Minister of Italy between 1891 and 1892 and from 1896 until 1898. ... Benedetto Brin. ... Tommaso Tittoni (November 16, 1855 - February 7, 1931) was an italian diplomat, politician and knight of the Annunziata, born in Rome, where he turn back only in 1870, because his Father Vincenzo, a devoted to the Risorgimento, in 1860 was forced to flee the Papal States. ... Tommaso Tittoni (November 16, 1855 - February 7, 1931) was an italian diplomat, politician and knight of the Annunziata, born in Rome, where he turn back only in 1870, because his Father Vincenzo, a devoted to the Risorgimento, in 1860 was forced to flee the Papal States. ... Tommaso Tittoni (November 16, 1855 - February 7, 1931) was an italian diplomat, politician and knight of the Annunziata, born in Rome, where he turn back only in 1870, because his Father Vincenzo, a devoted to the Risorgimento, in 1860 was forced to flee the Papal States. ... Count (Conte) Carlo Sforza was born in Montignoso di Lunigiana, Italy in 1873. ... Pietro Paolo Tomasi, marchese Della Torretta (April 7, 1873 - December 4, 1962) was an Italian politician and diplomat, a member of the noble family of the Princes of Lampedusa. ... Mussolini redirects here. ... Count Dino Grandi (1895-1988), born in Mordano (BO), Emilia. ... Mussolini redirects here. ... Gian Galeazzo Ciano, Count of Cortellazzo and Buccari (March 18, 1903 – January 11, 1944), was Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Benito Mussolinis son-in-law. ... Mussolini redirects here. ... Pietro Badoglio (September 28, 1871 - November 1, 1956) was an Italian soldier and politician. ... Ivanoe Bonomi (October 18, 1873 April 20, 1951) was an Italian politician and statesman. ... Alcide De Gasperi (3 April 1881 – 19 August 1954) was an Italian statesman and politician. ...
Italian Republic	De Gasperi · Nenni · Sforza · De Gasperi · Pella · Piccioni · Martino · Pella · Fanfani · Pella · Segni · Fanfani · Piccioni · Saragat · Moro · Fanfani · Moro · Fanfani · Medici · Nenni · Moro · Medici · Moro · Rumor · Forlani · Malfatti · Ruffini · Colombo · Andreotti · De Michelis · Scotti · Amato · Colombo · Andreatta · Elia · Martino · Agnelli · Dini · Amato · Ruggiero · Berlusconi · Frattini · Fini · D'Alema Image File history File links CoA_fam_ITA_savoia. ... Image File history File links Italy-Emblem. ... Alcide De Gasperi (3 April 1881 – 19 August 1954) was an Italian statesman and politician. ... Pietro Sandro Nenni (February 9, 1891—Rome, January 1, 1980) was an Italian socialist politician, the national secretary of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and lifetime Senator since 1970. ... Count (Conte) Carlo Sforza was born in Montignoso di Lunigiana, Italy in 1873. ... Alcide De Gasperi (3 April 1881 – 19 August 1954) was an Italian statesman and politician. ... Giuseppe Pella (April 18, 1902-1981) was an Italian Christian Democratic politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy from 1953 to 1954. ... Attilio Piccioni (Poggio Bustone, July 14, 1892 - March 10, 1976) was an Italian politician. ... Gaetano Martino (Messina, November 25, 1900 - Rome, July 21, 1967) was an Italian politician and university teacher. ... Giuseppe Pella (April 18, 1902-1981) was an Italian Christian Democratic politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy from 1953 to 1954. ... Amintore Fanfani (6 February 1908 – 20 November 1999) was an Italian politician and Prime Minister. ... Giuseppe Pella (April 18, 1902-1981) was an Italian Christian Democratic politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy from 1953 to 1954. ... Antonio Segni (February 2, 1891 – December 1, 1972) was an Italian politician who was President of the Italian Republic from 1962 to 1964. ... Amintore Fanfani (6 February 1908 – 20 November 1999) was an Italian politician and Prime Minister. ... Attilio Piccioni (Poggio Bustone, July 14, 1892 - March 10, 1976) was an Italian politician. ... Giuseppe Saragat (IPA [sa:ragat]) (September 19, 1898 - June 11, 1988) was an Italian politician who was the President of the Italian Republic from 1964 to 1971. ... Aldo Moro (September 23, 1916 in Maglie – May 9, 1978 in Rome) was an Italian politician and five time Prime Minister of Italy, from 1963 to 1968, and then from 1974 to 1976. ... Amintore Fanfani (6 February 1908 – 20 November 1999) was an Italian politician and Prime Minister. ... Aldo Moro (September 23, 1916 in Maglie – May 9, 1978 in Rome) was an Italian politician and five time Prime Minister of Italy, from 1963 to 1968, and then from 1974 to 1976. ... Amintore Fanfani (6 February 1908 – 20 November 1999) was an Italian politician and Prime Minister. ... Giuseppe Medici (Sassuolo, October 24, 1907 - Modena, August 21, 2000) was an Italian politician. ... Pietro Sandro Nenni (February 9, 1891—Rome, January 1, 1980) was an Italian socialist politician, the national secretary of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and lifetime Senator since 1970. ... Aldo Moro (September 23, 1916 in Maglie – May 9, 1978 in Rome) was an Italian politician and five time Prime Minister of Italy, from 1963 to 1968, and then from 1974 to 1976. ... Giuseppe Medici (Sassuolo, October 24, 1907 - Modena, August 21, 2000) was an Italian politician. ... Aldo Moro (September 23, 1916 in Maglie – May 9, 1978 in Rome) was an Italian politician and five time Prime Minister of Italy, from 1963 to 1968, and then from 1974 to 1976. ... Mariano Rumor (June 16, 1915 – 22 January 1990) was an Italian politician, a member of the Democrazia Cristiana and several times Prime Minister of Italy. ... Arnaldo Forlani (born December 8, 1925) is an Italian statesman who served as Prime Minister of Italy from October 18, 1980 through May 26, 1981. ... Franco Maria Malfatti (June 13, 1927 - 1991), was an Italian politician. ... Attilio Ruffini (born December 31, 1925 in Mantua) is an Italian politician. ... Emilio Colombo (born April 11, 1920) is an Italian diplomat and politician. ... Giulio Andreotti (born 14 January 1919 in Rome) is an Italian politician of the centrist Christian Democratic party who served as Prime Minister of Italy 1972-1973, 1976-1979 and 1989-1992. ... Gianni De Michelis Gianni De Michelis (born on 26 November 1940 in Venezia) is an Italian politician and Member of the European Parliament for Southern with the NPSI, and is therefore a Non-Inscrit in the European Parliament waiting for the acceptance of his partys request of membership in... Vincenzo Scotti (born September 16, 1933 in Naples) is an Italian politician and member of Christian Democracy. ... Giuliano Amato (born May 13, 1938) is an Italian politician. ... Emilio Colombo (born April 11, 1920) is an Italian diplomat and politician. ... Beniamino Andreatta (Trento, August 11, 1928 - Bologna, March 26, 2007) was an Italian economist and politician. ... Leopoldo Elia (born November 4, 1925 in Fano) is an Italian politician. ... Antonio Martino (born December 22, 1942 in Messina) has been Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1994 and Italian Minister of Defense from 2001 to 2006. ... Susanna Agnelli (born April 24, 1922 in Turin) is an Italian politician. ... Lamberto Dini (right) with William Cohen Lamberto Dini (born in Florence, March 1, 1931), is a former Italian Prime Minister (1995-1996) and Foreign Minister (1996-2001). ... Giuliano Amato (born May 13, 1938) is an Italian politician. ... Renato Ruggiero (born April 9, 1930) is an Italian politician. ...   (born September 29, 1936) is an Italian politician, entrepreneur, and media proprietor. ... Franco Frattini (born 14 March 1957) is an Italian politician, currently serving as European Commissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security. ... Gianfranco Fini Gianfranco Fini (born January 3, 1952 in Bologna) is an Italian politician, currently Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister in the Government led by Silvio Berlusconi. ... Massimo DAlema (born April 20, 1949) is an Italian politician, currently Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Vice President of the Council of Ministers of Italy. ...