Caminhos de Ferro Portugueses (abbreviation: CP; English: Portuguese Railways) is the state railway company in Portugal. Its origins are back to 28th October 1856, the day of the first railway trip in Portugal, between Lisbon and Carregado. The actual CP was "created" in 1975, replacing Companhia dos Caminhos de Ferro Portugueses, created in 1951, formely the lines were operated by many private companies, only Cascais/Estoril Line was still operated by a private company, Sociedade Estoril till 1976.

Now CP does not mean Caminhos de Ferro Portugueses, but Comboios de Portugal (English: Trains of Portugal), because now CP only operates trains, the railway infrastructures are managed by another public enterprise, REFER. Part of the troff suite of Unix document layout tools, refer is a preprocessor for dealing with citations. ...

CP top service is "Alfa Pendular" operated between Braga - Oporto - Lisbon - Faro, at a top speed of 220km/h (138MPH) with FIAT(now owned by Alstom)/Siemens tilting trains, "Alfa Pendular" was created in 1999.