Campaign against Dong Zhuo
Part of the wars of the Three Kingdoms
A mural in Fragrant Hills depicting the famous joust between the three sworn brothers and Lü Bu at Hulao Pass in a fictional encounter.
Date February 190 - 191 Location Henan, China Result Inconclusive; Dong Zhuo retreats west, Coalition disbanded
Combatants
Anti-Dong Zhuo Coalition	Dong Zhuo
Commanders
Yuan Shao	Dong Zhuo

The Campaign against Dong Zhuo (董卓討伐戰) in 190 was initiated by a coalition of regional officials hoping to end Chancellor Dong Zhuo's influence in the ailing Han court in China. With Yuan Shao as their leader, dissenting officials revolted against Dong, claiming that Dong was set on usurping the throne and had effectively kidnapped the young Emperor Xian. This campaign caused Dong to move the entire imperial court from Luoyang to Chang'an, and is a prelude to the end of Han Dynasty and, subsequently, the Three Kingdoms period. The Three Kingdoms in 262, on the eve of the conquest of Shu. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2238x816, 515 KB) [[[Category:Three Kingdoms]] File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Campaign against Dong Zhuo Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital... Fragrant Hill Park situated in the east part of western hills, 28 kilometers (17 miles) northwest of the Beijing City, is a large park of hills and forest covering 160 hectares (395. ... This article is about the 1982 arcade game. ... The Oath of the Peach Garden (義重桃園 or 桃園三節義) was an oath by which the three fighters Liu Bei, Zhang Fei, and Guan Yu became sworn brothers in a ceremony amid peach blossom trees. ... LÇš Bù (156 – 198) was a military general and minor warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Events A part of Rome burns, and emperor Commodus orders the city to be rebuilt under the name Colonia Commodiana First year of Chuping era of Chinese Han Dynasty Births 190 is a number Deaths Athenagoras of Athens, Christian apologist Categories: 190 ... Events Serapion of Antioch becomes Patriarch of Antioch. ... Henan (Chinese: 河南; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ho-nan), is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located in the central part of the country. ... Dong Zhuo (董卓; Pinyin: DÇ’ng Zhuō) (139 – 192) was a warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. ... Yuan Shao (? – 202) was a major warlord occupying the north of ancient China during the massive civil war towards the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era. ... Dong Zhuo (董卓; Pinyin: DÇ’ng Zhuō) (139 – 192) was a warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. ... The Three Kingdoms in 262, on the eve of the conquest of Shu. ... Combatants Yellow Turbans Han Dynasty Commanders Zhang Jiao Zhang Bao Zhang Liang He Jin Huangfu Song Lu Zhi Zhu Jun Dong Zhuo Cao Cao Strength 360,000 Various Casualties Unknown Unknown The Yellow Turban Rebellion, sometimes also translated as the Yellow Scarves Rebellion, (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: Huáng... The Battle of Jie Bridge (Chinese: 界橋之戰, pinyin: Jièqiáo zhi zhàn) was a military engagement fought between Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zan in 191, at the beginning of the civil wars in China leading up to the fall of the Han Dynasty. ... Combatants Zhang Xiu Cao Cao Commanders Zhang Xiu Cao Cao The Battle of Wancheng (宛城之戰) was a historical battle fought in the later years of the Han Dynasty between the warlords Cao Cao and Zhang Xiu in 197. ... Combatants Cao Cao, Liu Bei Lü Bu Commanders Cao Cao, Liu Bei Lü Bu The Battle of Xiapi (下邳之戰) occurred in the winter of 198 between the forces of Lü Bu against the forces of Liu Bei and Cao Cao in the prelude to the Three Kingdoms period of China. ... Combatants Yuan Shao Gongsun Zan Heishan bandits Commanders Yuan Shao Gongsun Zan† Zhang Yan The Battle of Yijing (易京之戰) took part shortly before the fall of the Han Empire in China, which began the era known as the Three Kingdoms. ... The Battle of Guandu (官渡之戰) was a battle in Chinese history. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Combatants Cao Cao Ma Chao Commanders Cao Cao Ma Chao Strength  ? 100,000 Casualties  ?  ? {{{notes}}} The Battle of Tong Gate (潼關之戰) was a battle between Ma Chao and the warlord Cao Cao during the Three Kingdoms Era in China. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Combatants Cao Wei Shu Han Commanders Xiahou Yuan† Liu Bei The Battle of Mount Dingjun (定軍山之戰) took place in year 219, during the Three Kingdoms period of China. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Between 225 and 230, the Kingdom of Shu (a Chinese state that existed during the Three Kingdoms period) undertook a military campaign in its southern territories after incidents of rebellion by local governors (Zhu Bao, Gao Ding and Yong Kai) and intrusions by the Nanman (southern barbarians). Nanman was located... The Northern Expeditions (北伐) were a series of five military campaigns launched by the state of Shu against the northern state of Wei from A.D. 228 to 234. ... The Battle of Jieting was a battle fought during the First Northern Expedition led by Zhuge Liang. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ... Combatants Shu Han Cao Wei Commanders Zhuge Liang† Yang Yi, Fei Yi Sima Yi Strength 100,000 200,000 The Battle of Wuzhang Plains (五丈原之戰) is a famous standoff between the kingdoms of Wei and Shu in 234 A.D. during the Three Kingdoms period of China. ... Events A part of Rome burns, and emperor Commodus orders the city to be rebuilt under the name Colonia Commodiana First year of Chuping era of Chinese Han Dynasty Births 190 is a number Deaths Athenagoras of Athens, Christian apologist Categories: 190 ... Chancellor of China 丞相 (Cheng Xiang) or 宰相 (Zai Xiang), was the highest rank in the imperial government in former China after the emperor (685 BC-6 BC, 189-1380). ... Dong Zhuo (董卓; Pinyin: DÇ’ng Zhuō) (139 – 192) was a warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. ... The Han Dynasty (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Han Chau; 206 BC–AD 220) followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. ... Yuan Shao (? – 202) was a major warlord occupying the north of ancient China during the massive civil war towards the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era. ... Emperor Xian of Han, trad. ... Luoyang (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Luòyáng) is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Changan â–¶(?) (Simplified Chinese: 长安; Traditional Chinese: 長安; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chang-an) is the ancient capital of more than ten dynasties in China. ... The End of Han Dynasty (漢朝末年 or 東漢末年, the End of Eastern Han Dynasty) refers to a period roughly coinciding with the reign of Han Dynastys final emperor Emperor Xian (r. ... The Three Kingdoms in 262, on the eve of the conquest of Shu. ...

In the Chinese literary classic Romance of the Three Kingdoms, this campaign is memorable for at least two famous incidents: one where the previously unknown Guan Yu slays the established warrior Hua Xiong; the other where Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei battle Lü Bu — the mightiest warrior in the novel. The two scenes are often reenacted in the Chinese opera, along with other famous scenes from the novel. The Four Great Classical Novels (四大名著) of Chinese literature, not to be confused with the Four Books of Confucianism, in order of publication, are: Romance of the Three Kingdoms (三國演義) (1330) Water Margin (水滸傳) (also known as Outlaws of the Marsh) (1573?) Journey to the West (西遊記) (1590) Dream of the Red Chamber (紅樓夢)(1792... An illustration of the book Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: sānguó yÇŽnyì), written by Luó Guànzhōng in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel based upon events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty, and the... Guan Yu (關羽) (162–219) was a military general under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. ... Hua Xiong (? – 190) was a military commandant under the tyrannical warlord Dong Zhuo during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is Liu. ... In the Romance of Three Kingdoms, Zhāng Fēi (張飛)(168?-222 AD), courtesy name Yìdé (翼德), was first a butcher, than an officer of the Kingdom of Shu and the second member of the Five Tiger Generals. ... LÇš Bù (156 – 198) was a military general and minor warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. ... 19th century Chinese opera Chinese opera costumes Chinese opera is a popular form of drama in China. ...

Background

Following the death of Emperor Ling in 189, Supreme General He Jin summoned Dong Zhuo to lead his troops into Luoyang to aid his plot to eliminate the powerful eunuch faction, the Ten Attendants. Before Dong Zhuo arrived, however, He Jin's plan was foiled and he was assassinated by the eunuchs. He Jin's associate in the plan, Yuan Shao, then entered the palace in a massacre of eunuchs as the remnant eunuchs fled the capital with the young emperor Liu Bian and his younger brother, Liu Xie. In the chaos, Liu Bian lost the imperial seal. They were eventually intercepted by Dong Zhuo, who brought the emperor back to the palace. Emperor Ling of Han, trad. ... He Jin (? – 189) was the elder half-brother of Empress He, consort to Emperor Ling of the late Eastern Han Dynasty. ... Luoyang (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Luòyáng) is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province, Peoples Republic of China. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Yuan Shao (? – 202) was a major warlord occupying the north of ancient China during the massive civil war towards the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era. ... Format of naming convention in English is under discussion at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Chinese). ... Emperor Xian of Han, trad. ... The Imperial Seal of China, or the Heirloom Seal of the Realm (Traditional Chinese: 傳國璽; Simplified Chinese: 传国玺) is a Chinese jade seal carved out of the He Shi Bi, a historically famous piece of jade. ...

Upon settling himself in the imperial court, Dong Zhuo also enticed Lü Bu to slay his own adopted father Ding Yuan, another warlord summoned to Luoyang by the late He Jin, and defect. Thus Dong Zhuo grasped control of all troops in the capital. LÇš Bù (156 – 198) was a military general and minor warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. ... Ding Yuan (? - 189) was a rival warlord to Dong Zhou. ...

In 190, Dong Zhuo deposed the young emperor and placed in the throne the younger Emperor Xian. He also made himself the chancellor, a post abolished almost two hundred years ago. Later, in March 26, Dong Zhuo ordered the death of Liu Bian and Empress Dowager He, supposedly to prevent any future power struggle between the two brothers. Format of naming convention in English is under discussion at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Chinese). ...

Dong Zhuo was an authoritarian ruler and would see fit to demolish any and all opposition. Already, Yuan Shao, once trusted by Dong Zhuo, fled the capital after a disagreement about deposing the emperor. Fearing that the powerful and resourceful Yuan would revolt, Dong heeded his advisors and named Yuan as the Grand Administrator of Bohai to appease him. Alternate meaning: Bohai Sea Balhae (Korean) or Bohai (Chinese) was a kingdom in northeast Asia from AD 698 to 926, occupying parts of Manchuria, northern Korea and the Russian Far East. ...

Course of events

Forming of the coalition

In Bohai, however, Yuan Shao became openly hostile towards Dong Zhuo. He planned to revolt, but he was kept in check by Han Fu, the Governor of Jizhou, and thus could make no move. Han Fu (韓馥) was a bureaucrat during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ...

At this time, Qiao Mao, the Grand Administrator of Dongjun, forged letters of accusations against Dong Zhuo and sent them around as if they were sent by the officers in the capital. Han Fu received one and decided to join Yuan Shao in his cause. Many other regional warlords east of Luoyang also joined Yuan Shao, forming the Anti-Dong Zhuo Coalition (反董卓聯合軍) in February 190. The participating warlords include: To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ...

The forces of Sun Jian and Cao Cao also joined the coalition, but under the banners of Yuan Shu and Zhang Miao, respectively. Yuan Shu (袁术; style name Gonglu 公路) (?? - 199) was a major warlord of the Later Han Dynasty who rose to prominence following the collapse of the Han court in 189. ... Han Fu (韓馥) was a bureaucrat during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ... Yuzhou (Simplified Chinese: 禹州; pinyin: YÇ”zhōu) is a county-level city in Xuchang, central Henan province in the Peoples Republic of China. ... Liu Dai the protector of Yan during the later years of the Han Dynasty. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ... Jiaozuo (Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a prefecture-level city in northern Henan province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Yuan Shao (? – 202) was a major warlord occupying the north of ancient China during the massive civil war towards the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era. ... Alternate meaning: Bohai Sea Balhae (Korean) or Bohai (Chinese) was a kingdom in northeast Asia from AD 698 to 926, occupying parts of Manchuria, northern Korea and the Russian Far East. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ... Qingzhou (青州) is the ancient capital of Shandong province, China. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ... Yuan Yi (袁遺; d. ... Bao Xin (? - 192) is a character in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a historical novel by Luo Guanzhong. ... Yangzhou (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; former spellings: Yang-chou, Yangchow; literally Rising Prefecture) is a prefecture-level city in central Jiangsu province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Tao Qian (132 - 194) was governor of Xuzhou (徐州) province during the late Eastern Han Dynasty of China. ... Xuzhou (Chinese: 徐州; Hanyu Pinyin: ), known as Pengcheng (Chinese: 彭城; Hanyu Pinyin: ) in ancient times, is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Jiangsu province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Chanyu (Traditional: 單于; Simplified: 单于; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: chan-yü; sometimes written Shanyu) was the title used by the rulers of the Xiongnu during the Han Dynasty 206 BC - 220. ... A Xiongnu belt buckle. ... SÅ«n Jiān (155 – 191) was a military general and minor warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ... Cáo Cāo (曹操; pinyin: Cáo Cāo; Wade-Giles: Tsao² Tsao¹) (155 – March 15, 220) was a regional warlord and the last Chancellor of Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty in ancient China. ...

The rebel forces encamped in several places east of Luoyang, effectively surrounding the capital from the east. The whereabouts of the warlords are as follows, in relation to Luoyang:

• To the north, in Henei (河內): Yuan Shao, Wang Kuang, Zhang Yang, Yufuluo
• To the east, in Suanzao (酸棗): Zhang Miao, Liu Dai, Qiao Mao, Yuan Yi
• To the south, in Luyang (魯陽): Yuan Shu
• To the southeast, in Yingchuan (穎川): Kong Zhou
• To the northeast, in Ye (鄴): Han Fu (He was far away as he was in charge of provisions)

The rebels appeared to be ready to move on the capital of Luoyang; however, the rebels were disorganized in reality, and despite Yuan Shao's title as their leader, he did not have effective command of the entire rebel force. The rebels were also hesitant to directly confront Dong's elite forces. Jiaozuo (Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a prefecture-level city in northern Henan province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Ye was a city in ancient China. ...

Luoyang razed

Wang Kuang's forces attempted to attack Dong Zhuo's forces at Heyang Ford (河陽津); however, Dong Zhuo responded by keeping Wang's forces occupied with a squad of decoys while sending an army of elites upstream around the bulk of Wang's forces to attack from behind. The battle ended with Dong Zhuo victorious, practically eliminating Wang's forces.

Nonetheless, Dong Zhuo became concerned about the coalition, and proposed to move everyone — the court and civilians — from Luoyang to the western Chang'an, leaving only him and his military behind to defend against the coalition. This was met with criticism within the court, but Dong silenced the opposition by deposing anyone who spoke against him. Implementing his proposal on April 9th, he had his soldiers raze Luoyang to the ground, confiscate from the rich, all while hassling the civilians to the west. He also ordered Lü Bu, his foster son, to raid from ancient tombs and burial mounds for their treasures. Sanguo Zhi wrote of this event, saying "the count of the innocent dead was beyond measure". LÇš Bù (156 – 198) was a military general and minor warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. ... The Sānguó Zhì (Chinese 三国志, or 三國誌), variously translated as Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, Records of the Three States and Records of the Three Kingdoms, was the official and authoritative historical text on the Three Kingdoms Period compiled by Chen Shou during the Jin Dynasty (265-420). ...

In Suanzao, Cao Cao took this opportunity to lead his men west to attack Dong Zhuo's forces. Followed by a detachment of Zhang Miao's soldiers led by Wei Zi, Cao Cao's men met the enemy led by Xu Rong in Xingyang. There, Cao Cao's soldiers were defeated, his own horse wounded, and himself hit by a stray arrow. Cao Hong offered his horse to Cao Cao while he followed Cao Cao on foot, only thus was Cao Cao able to escape. Xu Rong thought of pursuit, but decided that an attack on Suanzao would be too difficult, so he withdrew his forces as well. Xu Rong (? - 192) was a general in the service of Dong Zhuo at the end of the Han dynasty in China. ... Xingyang(Simplified: 荥阳；Traditional: 荥陽；Hanyu Pinyin: xíngyáng), is one of county-level cities of Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China. ... Cao Hong (169 - 233) was a warrior of the Kingdom of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. ...

Once back in Suanzao, Cao Cao proposed to have the coalition move forward so as to further threaten Dong Zhuo's forces and show the world that they are actually on the move, but Zhang Miao and the others rejected his plan. Dispirited, Cao Cao made a levy of troops and went to Yuan Shao in Henei with Xiahou Dun. Soon after Cao Cao's departure, the forces in Suanzao ran out of food and dispersed. Liu Dai, who long held a grudge with Qiao Mao, took the opportunity to kill Qiao. Xiahou Dun (? – 220) was a military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. ... Liu Dai the protector of Yan during the later years of the Han Dynasty. ...

Around this time, Dong Zhuo sent reputed men Han Rong, Yin Xiu, Humu Ban, Wu Xiu, and Wang Gui to Yuan Shao in an attempt to negotiate an armistice; however, Yuan Shao had all but one of them captured and murdered, leaving only Han Rong to escape because he was known for his virtue. A white flag is traditionally used to represent a truce. ...

Sun Jian's advances

The vanguard Sun Jian as portrayed in the 84-episode TV serial Romance of the Three Kingdoms

In Luyang to the south, Sun Jian, who had joined Yuan Shu with twenty to thirty thousand men, was given the rank General Who Quells Rebels (破虜將軍) and Governor of Yuzhou by Yuan Shu. Yuan Shu commanded Sun Jian to be the vanguard, and Sun started to train his men in Luyang. Image File history File links Sun_Jian_TV_Serial. ... Image File history File links Sun_Jian_TV_Serial. ... In 1995, Central Chinese Television(CCTV) produced a adaptation of the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. ...

In the winter of 190, Dong Zhuo sent a force of some ten thousands to attack Luyang. At the time, Sun Jian's men were having a drinking party, but Sun did not stir upon hearing the news; instead, he calmly continued to pass his wine around while his troops gathered in formation. Seeing such discipline, Dong Zhuo's men turned around and retreated.

In March 191, Sun Jian moved his camp north to Liangdong (梁東), but he was outnumbered by Xu Rong there. With several dozen men, he broke through the encirclement. Seeing that his red scarf could easily identify him, Sun Jian gave it to his trusted general Zu Mao, whom Xu Rong's soldiers chased while Sun Jian escaped. Zu Mao later hung the scarf onto a half-burnt pillar, and hid himself in the tall grasses nearby. The enemies surrounded the pillar and approached cautiously till they realized they had been fooled, whereupon they retreated. Zu Mao is an officer of Sun Jian during the Three Kingdoms Period in China. ...

Gathering his scattered armies, Sun Jian went forward to camp in Yangren (陽人). This time, Dong Zhuo sent Hua Xiong, Hu Zhen, and Lü Bu to attack Sun Jian. However, Lü Bu, in charge of cavalry, was not in good terms with Hu Zhen and quarreled with him. Sun Jian seized the opportunity to attack them, and Dong Zhuo's forces were defeated in a rout. Hua Xiong was captured by Sun Jian and was promptly executed. Hua Xiong (? – 190) was a military commandant under the tyrannical warlord Dong Zhuo during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. ... Hu Zhen (胡軫) was an officer under Dong Zhuo during the Three Kingdoms period of China. ...

At this time, someone told Yuan Shu that if Sun Jian defeated Dong Zhuo and took over the capital, he would not be controllable anymore. The doubtful Yuan Shu then ceased the food supply to Sun Jian. Sun Jian rode the hundred odd li from Yangren to Luyang in the night to see Yuan Shu, whereupon he said to the latter, "I put myself to danger in battle, first to remove the rebel (Dong Zhuo) for the country and second to avenge the deaths of your kinsmen (Yuan Shu's uncle was killed by Dong Zhuo). I have no personal grudge against Dong Zhuo. Yet you could believe slanderous talks and suspect me!" The words put Yuan Shu to shame and he immediately ordered the food supply to be delivered. The li (里 lǐ) is a Chinese unit of distance, until recently usually considered to be about 576 metres, but is now standardised at a half a kilometre or 500 metres (547 yards). ...

Fearing Sun Jian, Dong Zhuo sent his officer Li Jue as an emissary to seek peace and cement an alliance. Li Jue also promised Sun Jian government positions for his sons. To this, Sun Jian replied, "Dong Zhuo opposes Heaven and defies the law. Until I have killed you and all your clan, and shown your heads to the four seas, I shall not be able to die in peace. How can there be alliance with you?" Li Jue (simplified Chinese: 李傕) (died 197) took command of Dong Zhuos empire after the latter was assassinated by Lü Bu, and with the help of Guo Si, Zhang Ji and Fan Chou he managed to take over Chang An, and secure power within the Imperial Court. ...

Sun Jian finds the Imperial Seal. Qing Dynasty print.

Sun Jian then led his forces to Dagu (大谷), the fortified pass guarding Luoyang to the south, 90 li away from Luoyang. Dong Zhuo himself came out to fight amongst the Later Han tombs, but he was defeated and fled to Mianchi and Shan, west of Luoyang. Sun Jian then continued to march into Luoyang, where he met and routed the forces of Lü Bu. Settling in, Sun Jian ordered his men to reseal the tombs of former emperors that were excavated by Dong Zhuo. It was said in the Book of Wu (吳書) by Wei Yao that Sun Jian found the lost Imperial Seal in a well south of Luoyang and kept it for himself. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2345x3489, 2402 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Campaign against Dong Zhuo ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2345x3489, 2402 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Campaign against Dong Zhuo ... The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: QÄ«ng cháo; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun), occasionally known as the Manchu Dynasty, was a dynasty founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China, expanded into China and the surrounding territories, establishing the Empire...

Sun then sent part of his force forward to Xin'an and Mianchi to threaten Dong Zhuo's defense positions. Dong Zhuo now sent Dong Yue to camp at Mianchi, Duan Wei to camp at Huayin, and Niu Fu to camp at Anyi. His other commanders were spread out among the counties to block any attack from the east of the mountains. After these arrangements, Dong Zhuo led his own troops away to Chang'an. Niu Fu (牛輔; d. ... This article is about the Anyi language. ...

Having repaired the imperial tombs, Sun Jian led his army back to Luyang. The former capital of Luoyang was now abandoned by both contending forces.

Internal conflict

Despite Sun Jian's successes, the coalition did not act upon them due to poor communication and coordination among the warlords. Isolated by the passes that separate Luoyang from the east, the warlords in the east didn't even know if the emperor, Liu Xian, was still alive. Feeling that their cause would be better justified if they had a much more capable emperor on their side, Yuan Shao and Han Fu proposed to have Liu Yu, the Grand Administrator of Youzhou and a member of the imperial clan, as the new Han emperor. Cao Cao and Yuan Shu disagreed, but Yuan Shao and Han Fu sent a messenger to Liu Yu anyway. Liu Yu, however, rebuked the messenger sternly and flatly refused the offer, stating his loyalty to the current emperor. After repeated attempts, Liu Yu threatened to go north to the Xiongnu to cut himself off from the offers; only then Yuan Shao and Han Fu gave up on trying to Liu Yu as the emperor. This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

Eventually, the warlords turned their attention from Dong Zhuo back to themselves: instead of uniting together to fight against a common enemy, the warlords bickered among themselves and plotted to expand their own territories.

First, Han Fu, in charge of provisions, became jealous of Yuan Shao's leadership role and gradually stopped transporting supplies to the coalition, hoping the coalition would break apart. However, Han Fu's officer Qu Yi rebelled and defeated Han Fu. Qu Yi then joined Yuan Shao. Because of this incident, Yuan Shao saw the need to secure his supply source and plotted to seize Han Fu's territory. He made a secret pact with Gongsun Zan, where Gongsun would attack Han Fu while Yuan Shao brings his soldiers into Han Fu's territory. Unsure of Yuan Shao's intentions, the frightened Han Fu handed his lordship of Jizhou over to Yuan Shao. To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ... Gongsun Zan (公孫瓚 gong1 sun1 zan4), courtesy name Bogui, was a warlord of northern China active toward the end of the second century AD. He was commander of a cavalry force and served on the northern and eastern frontiers of the Han Dynasty empire fighting against various non-Chinese peoples. ...

Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu, though they are half brothers (or cousins, depending on the source), did not trust each other. Eventually, Yuan Shao sent Zhou Ang to attack Sun Jian, who was returning to Yuan Shu from Luoyang. Zhou Ang surprised Sun Jian's camp in Yangcheng (陽城) and captured it, to which Sun sighed: "Together we raised loyal troops to save the nation. Now the rebels and bandits are almost destroyed, and yet each can act like this. Whom can I work with?"

Yuan Shu sent Gongsun Zan's half-brother, Gongsun Yue, to help Sun Jian retaliate against Zhou Ang. Although the battle was won, Gongsun Yue was hit by a stray arrow and died. Gongsun Zan held Yuan Shao responsible for his death, and declared war against Yuan Shao, leading to the Battle of Jieqiao soon afterwards. Gongsun Yue, a figure during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history, was the younger brother of Gongsun Zan. ... The Battle of Jie Bridge (Chinese: 界橋之戰, pinyin: Jièqiáo zhi zhàn) was a military engagement fought between Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zan in 191, at the beginning of the civil wars in China leading up to the fall of the Han Dynasty. ...

By now the coalition had fallen to internal strife, and continued to exist in name only.

Death of Dong Zhuo

For the next year, there would be no action against Dong Zhuo by the warlords of the east while Dong Zhuo sent the occasional army east to attack Zhu Jun, whose land Dong's men killed and plundered in. Zhu Jun (149-195) In the Historic novel, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, by Luo Guanzhong, Zhu Jun, an officer under the Han Dynasty, campaigned with other famous people against the Yellow Turbans (scarves). ...

Since attacks from the east had ceased, Dong Zhuo returned to his tyrannical rule in the court. He had installed all members of his clan and relatives by marriage in high-ranking offices, even his infant sons were given ranks as marquises and played with gold seals and purple tassels. Dong Zhuo had also grown more intolerant to dissent; his officers would be killed on the spot at the utterance of the slightest offense. Eventually, court officials Wang Yun, Huang Wan, Shisun Rui, and Yang Zan, feeling insecure, plotted to assassinate Dong Zhuo. They managed to persuade Lü Bu, Dong Zhuo's foster son and bodyguard, to join their cause, because Dong Zhuo once threw a hand-axe at him, but more importantly, because he had an affair with one of Dong's chambermaids. (In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the chambermaid is Wang Yun's foster daughter, Diao Chan.) Wang Yun was the father of Diao Chan, and is most famous for creating the great rift that led to the death of Dong Zhuo at the hands of Lu Bu. ... A hand axe is a bifacial Paleolithic core tool. ... Diao Chan (Simplified Chinese: 貂蝉; Traditional Chinese: 貂蟬, Pinyin: Diāo Chán) was one of the Four Beauties of ancient China. ...

Dong Zhuo faced with imminent death as Lü Bu approached with his halberd in the 84-episode TV serial Romance of the Three Kingdoms

In 22 May 192, Dong Zhuo was on the way to an assembly in his lavish chariot when Li Su stepped up and stabbed Dong Zhuo. Dong Zhuo cried out for his son, but saying "This is an imperial order," Lü Bu delivered the fatal blow. Dong Zhuo's relatives were subsequently executed while Dong Zhuo's body was left hanging in the streets. The official guarding the corpse lit a wick in Dong Zhuo's navel and it burned for days on the fats of the corpse. Image File history File links Dong Zhuo faced with imminent death as Lü Bu approached with his halberd in the 84-episode TV serial Romance of the Three Kingdoms This is a screenshot of a copyrighted movie or television program. ... Image File history File links Dong Zhuo faced with imminent death as Lü Bu approached with his halberd in the 84-episode TV serial Romance of the Three Kingdoms This is a screenshot of a copyrighted movie or television program. ... LÇš Bù (156 – 198) was a military general and minor warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. ... In 1995, Central Chinese Television(CCTV) produced a adaptation of the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. ... Li Su was a famous general of the late Han Dynasty. ...

Shortly after his death, many loyalists of Dong Zhuo, such as Fan Chou, Guo Si, Li Jue and others escaped, believing that their loyalty will be considered treason. Hearing of their appeal for pardon, Wang Yun, who took control of the government, said, "Of all the people who should be forgiven, these are the exceptions". Feeling outraged, they waged war with Wang Yun, only to have the Imperial Army and Lu Bu foiling them, after many defeats, the loyalists decided to change their tactics in battle. Fan Chou (樊稠; d. ... Guo Si (146 – 197) was formerly a general under Niu Fu, who served under Dong Zhuo. ... Li Jue (simplified Chinese: 李傕) (died 197) took command of Dong Zhuos empire after the latter was assassinated by Lü Bu, and with the help of Guo Si, Zhang Ji and Fan Chou he managed to take over Chang An, and secure power within the Imperial Court. ...

In one battle, Fan Chou and Li Jue were diversions to subdue Lü Bu into fighting, and then all the other loyalists would take over the castle. The plan worked, as Lu Bu retreated soon after the castle was breached, and Wang Yun was killed.

Soon power turned for the loyalists, but they all were in a power struggle, just like the courts before them. Soon, all of China was again engulfed in a major civil war.

See also: End of Han Dynasty

The End of Han Dynasty (漢朝末年 or 東漢末年, the End of Eastern Han Dynasty) refers to a period roughly coinciding with the reign of Han Dynastys final emperor Emperor Xian (r. ...

In Romance of the Three Kingdoms

In the historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, author Luo Guanzhong employs artistic license rather freely as he changed some details of this campaign to better portray the main characters. For example, the three sworn brothers — Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei — had no historical evidence of being in the campaign at all, yet their achievements eclipse that of Sun Jian's in the novel. Luo Guanzhong also simplified some of the historical events, invented fictional battles, and changed the sequencing of events. However, due to the popularity of the novel, many people hold the events detailed in the novel to be true, not knowing the true history as presented in definitive sources such as Hou Han Shu, Sanguo Zhi, or Zizhi Tongjian. This fictional account of history is also adopted by many Chinese operas and video games. A historical novel is a novel in which the story is set among historical events, or more generally, in which the time of the action predates the lifetime of the author. ... Luo Guanzhong (Traditional Chinese: 羅貫中, Wade Giles: Lo Kuan-chung) was a 14th century Chinese author attributed with writing Romance of the Three Kingdoms and editing Outlaws of the Marsh, two of the most revered adventure epics in Chinese literature. ... The Artistic License is a software license used for certain free software packages, most notably the standard Perl implementation, most of CPAN modules and Parrot, which are dual-licensed under the Artistic License and the GNU General Public License (GPL). ... The Book of Later Han (Chinese: 後漢書; pinyin: ) is one of the official Chinese historical works which was compiled by Fan Ye (Traditional Chinese: 范瞱; Simplified Chinese: 范晔; 398-445), using a number of earlier histories and documents as sources. ... The Sānguó Zhì (Chinese 三国志, or 三國誌), variously translated as Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, Records of the Three States and Records of the Three Kingdoms, was the official and authoritative historical text on the Three Kingdoms Period compiled by Chen Shou during the Jin Dynasty (265-420). ... Zizhi Tongjian (traditional Chinese character: 資治通鑑; simplified Chinese character: 资治通鉴; pinyin Zīzhì Tōngjìan, Wade-Giles Tzu-chih tung-chien) is known to be a important Chinese history text of annual chronology. ... Namcos Pac-Man was a hit, and became a cultural phenomenon. ...

Assassination attempt

Cao Cao was historically a member of the imperial court, but he left it after seeing Dong Zhuo's tyranny. The novel went a step further to describe a failed attempt by Cao Cao to assassinate Dong Zhuo:

Cao Cao first borrowed from Wang Yun the Seven Gem Sword (七星劍) with the promise that he would personally assassinate Dong Zhuo. Then, on the next day, Cao Cao brought the precious sword along to see Dong Zhuo. Having much trust in Cao Cao, Dong Zhuo received the guest in his bedroom. Lü Bu, Dong Zhuo's foster son, left the room for the stable to select a fast horse for Cao Cao, who complained about his slow ride. When Dong Zhuo faced away, Cao Cao prepared to unsheath the sword. However, Dong Zhuo saw the movement in the mirror and hastily turned to question Cao Cao's intention. At this time, Lü Bu had also returned. In his desperation, Cao Cao knelt and pretended that he wanted to present the sword to Dong Zhuo. He then rode away with the excuse of trying out the new horse, and headed straight out of the capital before Dong Zhuo, who grew heavily suspicious, could capture him. Wang Yun was the father of Diao Chan, and is most famous for creating the great rift that led to the death of Dong Zhuo at the hands of Lu Bu. ...

Uprising

Once arriving in Chenliu, Cao Cao claimed to have received a secret imperial decree that called for Dong Zhuo's removal from the court, and called for an uprising. Many regional warlords answered his call and formed the anti-Dong Zhuo coalition.

The novel has a slightly different list of participants in the coalition:

With eighteen warlords participating in the novel, the campaign is thus popularly known as "Eighteen Warlords campaigns against Dong Zhuo" (十八路諸侯討董卓). Cáo Cāo (曹操; pinyin: Cáo Cāo; Wade-Giles: Tsao² Tsao¹) (155 – March 15, 220) was a regional warlord and the last Chancellor of Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty in ancient China. ... Yuan Shu (袁术; style name Gonglu 公路) (?? - 199) was a major warlord of the Later Han Dynasty who rose to prominence following the collapse of the Han court in 189. ... Nanyang (Simplified Chinese: 南阳; Traditional Chinese: 南陽; pinyin: ) is a city in the south of Henan province, China. ... Han Fu (韓馥) was a bureaucrat during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ... Yuzhou (Simplified Chinese: 禹州; pinyin: YÇ”zhōu) is a county-level city in Xuchang, central Henan province in the Peoples Republic of China. ... Liu Dai the protector of Yan during the later years of the Han Dynasty. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ... Jiaozuo (Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a prefecture-level city in northern Henan province, Peoples Republic of China. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ... Yuan Yi (袁遺; d. ... Bao Xin (? - 192) is a character in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a historical novel by Luo Guanzhong. ... Kong Rong (孔融, 153-208 AD) was a civil officer, poet, and warlord of the Later Han period, as well as a descendant of Confucius. ... Beihai (Chinese: 北海; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Pei-hai), former romanization Pakhoi, is a prefecture-level city of Guangxi, China. ... Yangzhou (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; former spellings: Yang-chou, Yangchow; literally Rising Prefecture) is a prefecture-level city in central Jiangsu province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Tao Qian (132 - 194) was governor of Xuzhou (徐州) province during the late Eastern Han Dynasty of China. ... Xuzhou (Chinese: 徐州; Hanyu Pinyin: ), known as Pengcheng (Chinese: 彭城; Hanyu Pinyin: ) in ancient times, is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Jiangsu province, Peoples Republic of China. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Western Liang (Chinese: 西凉; Pinyin: XÄ« Liáng; 400-421) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms in China. ... Gongsun Zan (公孫瓚 gong1 sun1 zan4), courtesy name Bogui, was a warlord of northern China active toward the end of the second century AD. He was commander of a cavalry force and served on the northern and eastern frontiers of the Han Dynasty empire fighting against various non-Chinese peoples. ... Beijing (Chinese: 北京; pinyin: Běijīng; Wade-Giles: Pei-ching; Postal System Pinyin: Peking), is the capital city of the Peoples Republic of China. ... SÅ«n Jiān (155 – 191) was a military general and minor warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ... Mao Zedong Museum in Changsha Changsha (Simplified Chinese: é•¿æ²™; Traditional Chinese: é•·æ²™; Pinyin: Chángshā; Wade-Giles: Chang-sha) is the capital of Hunan, a province of Southcentral China, located on the lower reaches of Xiangjiang river, a branch of the Yangtze River. ... Yuan Shao (? – 202) was a major warlord occupying the north of ancient China during the massive civil war towards the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era. ... Alternate meaning: Bohai Sea Balhae (Korean) or Bohai (Chinese) was a kingdom in northeast Asia from AD 698 to 926, occupying parts of Manchuria, northern Korea and the Russian Far East. ...

In this campaign, Liu Bei, with his sworn brothers Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, offered their service to Gongsun Zan, Liu's friend and former classmate. This is a Chinese name; the family name is Liu. ... Guan Yu (關羽) (162–219) was a military general under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. ... In the Romance of Three Kingdoms, Zhāng Fēi (張飛)(168?-222 AD), courtesy name Yìdé (翼德), was first a butcher, than an officer of the Kingdom of Shu and the second member of the Five Tiger Generals. ...

After the warlords swore allegiance to the coalition, they insisted to have Yuan Shao as the commander-in-chief, a role which Yuan Shao reluctuntly accepted. Yuan Shao then made Yuan Shu in charge of provisions, and Sun Jian as the vanguard to attack Sishui Pass.

Battle of Sishui Pass

Main article: Battle of Sishui Pass

Dong Zhuo placed Hua Xiong with 50,000 men at the fortified Sishui Pass to ward off the attack. Having repelled Sun Jian and singlehandedly slain four generals of the coalition – Bao Zhong, Zu Mao, Yu She and Pan Feng – Hua Xiong seemed indomitable. Despite mistrust from many warlords of the coalition, Guan Yu, a mere horsed archer then, volunteered to duel Hua Xiong. To convince them to give him the opportunity, he told them that if he failed against Hua Xiong, the coalition could take his head as punishment. Cao Cao, one of the eighteen coalition leaders, poured Guan Yu a cup of hot wine but the latter declined, claiming he would soon return. Within moments Guan Yu truly returned with Hua Xiong's head in hand, while the wine was still warm. Combatants Coalition of Lords Dong Zhuo Commanders Yuan Shao, Sun Jian Hua Xiong† Strength Unknown Unknown Casualties Unknown Unknown The Battle of Sishui Pass (汜水關之戰) was a battle in 189, near the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty of China. ... Brother of Bao Xin. ... Was an officer of Yuan Shu. ... Officer of Han fu. ...

Alerted by the death of Hua Xiong, Dong Zhuo had Li Jue and Guo Si guard Sishui with 50,000 men while he himself went to Hulao Pass with Lü Bu with a force of 150,000. Seeing this, the coalition then turned around to attack Hulao Pass, hoping to strike Dong Zhuo directly. Guo Si (146 – 197) was formerly a general under Niu Fu, who served under Dong Zhuo. ... This article needs to be wikified. ...

Battle of Hulao Pass

The three sworn brothers duel Lü Bu. Qing Dynasty print.

Main article: Battle of Hulao Pass

Eight coalition leaders were sent to confront Lü Bu at his camp in front of Hulao Pass. Wang Kuang was the first to strike, and Lü Bu led three thousand men to meet Wang Kuang. Fang Yue, Wang's officer, rode out to duel Lü Bu but was soon killed by him. Lü Bu continued on, dashing Wang's army apart. Mu Shun, under Zhang Yang, and Wu Anguo, under Kong Rong, and Gongsun Zan himself also attempted to subdue Lü Bu without any success. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2345x3480, 2381 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Battle of Hulao Pass Campaign against Dong Zhuo ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2345x3480, 2381 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Battle of Hulao Pass Campaign against Dong Zhuo ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ...

Riding forth on his Red Hare, his halberd in hand, Lü Bu taunted for more challengers to duel him. Wielding his Serpent Spear, Zhang Fei galloped out to fight Lü Bu. Neither could gain an advantage over the other for more than fifty bouts. Then Guan Yu, brandishing his Blue Dragon Crescent Blade, dashed out to assist his oath brother. The three fighters were engaged in another thirty bouts or so when Liu Bei, holding up his Dual Swords, also joined the battle. Red Hare was the extraordinary horse that Dong Zhuo presented to Lü Bu along with gold, pearls, and a belt of jade to persuade Lü Bu to murder his stepfather, Ding Yuan, and join Dong Zhuo in the historical novel, Romance of the Three Kingdoms. ... Guan Yu (關羽) (162–219) was a military general under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. ... The Blue Dragon Crescent Blade (青龍偃月刀) was a weapon supposedly used by Guan Yu in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. ...

Like a merry-go-round, the three brothers galloped in a circle caging Lü Bu inside. Unable to face the combined efforts of his three opponents, Lǚ Bù then made a feign at Liu Bei and retreated through the resulting gap back to the pass gate. The trio chased after Lü Bu but due to the speed of Red Hare, his horse, they could not keep up with him. However, they abandoned the chase after they spotted Dong Zhuo and chased him unsuccessfully.

Battle of Xingyang

In light of his recent defeat, Dong Zhuo asked his aid Li Ru for advice. Li Ru responded that the whole army should retreat to Chang'an, bringing Luoyang's citizens and the imperial court with them. Dong Zhuo was delighted at the idea, and, despite heavy objection, carried through with the move, and razed Luoyang to the ground. Zhao Cen, the guard for Sishui Pass at the time, abandoned the pass once he knew of Dong Zhuo's general retreat. Li Ru (李儒) was the son-in-law of Dong Zhuo. ... Zhao Cen (趙岑) was an officer of Dong Zhuo during the Three Kingdoms period of China. ...

The coalition then proceeded to Luoyang, where Sun Jian immediately ordered his men to put out the fire while the warlords settled in Luoyang. Cao Cao proposed to chase Dong Zhuo's retreating men, but Yuan Shao denied him, saying that the soldiers need rest. Cao Cao ignored Yuan Shao's words and led his officers in pursuit of Dong Zhuo.

Li Ru, hearing of Cao Cao's approach, suggested to lure Cao Cao into an ambush with Lü Bu. In Xingyang, Cao Cao engaged Lü Bu, as predicted, and while Xiahou Dun was dueling Lü, Li Jue and Guo Si attacked from both flanks and surrounded Cao Cao. Cao Cao ordered Xiahou Yuan and Cao Ren to hold them off, but Cao Cao's forced were eventually overwhelmed and retreated. As Cao Cao's men were preparing to settle for the evening, Xu Rong came out of his ambush and scattered Cao Cao's camp. Cao Cao quickly mounted his horse to escape, but he was shot in the shoulder by Xu Rong and his horse was slain. Cao Hong offered his horse to Cao Cao, but there was a river ahead and Cao Cao could ride no more, while Xu Rong's men drew ever closer. Cao Hong then carried Cao Cao as he waded across the river. Xu Rong's men initially fired arrows at them, but soon turned around to cross the river in a ford upstream. When Cao Cao and Cao Hong finally reached the other side of the river, Xu Rong came charging from upstream, but Xiahou Dun intercepted and killed Xu Rong on the spot. Cao Cao's forces then came together, all relieved that Cao Cao is safe, and retreated back to Yuan Shao's main camp at Henei. Dong Zhuo's remaining forces left to follow Dong to Chang'an. Xiahou Yuan (? – 219) was a military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. ... Cao Ren (168 – 223) was a military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. ...

Historically, only Xu Rong participated in this battle on Dong Zhuo's side, and he wasn't killed like the novel says.

Dissolution

While restoring order in Luoyang, Sun Jian was alerted by his men that there is light faintly emitting from a well. Sun Jian ordered to retrieve whatever was in the well, and they found a woman carrying the imperial seal. Sun, heeding advice from Cheng Pu, kept the seal for himself and told his men not to say a word about the seal. Cheng Pu was a veteran warrior skilled at using the serpent spear who served the Sun family for three generations. ...

Unfortunately for Sun Jian, one of his soldiers went and told Yuan Shao about it, and he was heavily rewarded. At the meeting on the next day, Sun Jian cited health problems for an excuse to return to Changsha with the seal, but Yuan Shao questioned him about the seal, which Sun Jian was stunned to hear. After rounds of accusations and denials, Yuan Shao and Sun Jian's men each drew swords. They were halted by the rest of the alliance, and Sun Jian quickly rode away from Luoyang with his men. Angrily, Yuan Shao sent Liu Biao of Jingzhou a letter asking him to stop Sun Jian. Liú Biǎo (劉表 142 – 208) was the governor of the Jing province in China towards the end of the Han Dynasty. ... Jingzhou (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Jīngzhōu) is a city in the Hubei province of the Peoples Republic of China, on the banks of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang). ...

The next day, Cao Cao returned to the main camp from his defeat in Rongyang. He lamented at the lack of motivation within the alliance, and left the alliance as well. Gongsun Zan told Liu Bei, "Yuan Shao is an incapable leader, and together there shall be strife, we should return", and so he and Liu Bei also pulled their forces from the alliance and returned to the north. Seeing everyone had dispersed, Yuan Shao dismantled the camps and led his soldiers back to his base.

References

• Chen, Shou. Sanguo Zhi
• de Crespigny, Rafe. "To Establish Peace: being the Chronicle of the Later Han dynasty for the years 189 to 220 AD as recorded in Chapters 59 to 69 of the Zizhi tongjian of Sima Guang". Volume 1. Faculty of Asian Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra. 1996. ISBN 0-7315-2526-4.
• Luo, Guanzhong. Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Dr Rafe de Crespigny (full name: Richard Rafe Champion de Crespigny; born 1936) is a retired Adjunct Professor with the China and Korea Centre, Australian National University in Canberra, Australia. ... The Australian National University (ANU), is a university located in Canberra, the national capital of Australia. ...

External link

• Map showing the places involved during the historical campaignPDF