NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Campo dei Miracoli

The Campo dei Miracoli ("Field of Miracles") is a wide, walled area at the heart of the city of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy, recognized as one of the main centers for medieval art in the world. Partly paved and partly grassed, it is dominated by four great religious edifices: the Duomo, the Leaning Tower (the cathedral's campanile), the Baptistery and the Camposanto. It is otherwise known as Piazza dei Miracoli ("Square of Miracles"). This article discusses the Italian city. ... Tuscany (Italian: ) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. ... The Tower of Pisa. ... A campanile (pronounced []) is, especially in Italy, a free-standing bell tower (Italian campana, bell), often adjacent to a church or cathedral. ... The Baptistry of the Cathedral Built in Pisa, Italy. ...

In 1987 the whole square was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (6221x1477, 1466 KB) Summary Pisa, Italy : Campo dei Miracoli - panoramic view Own work - photo made by Georges Jansoone on 10 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Campo dei Miracoli ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (6221x1477, 1466 KB) Summary Pisa, Italy : Campo dei Miracoli - panoramic view Own work - photo made by Georges Jansoone on 10 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Campo dei Miracoli ... UNESCO logo UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State...

Duomo

The heart of the Campo dei Miracoli is the Duomo, the medieval cathedral, entitled to St. Mary. This is a five-naved basilica with a three-naved transept. Image File history File links Campo_dei_Miracoli_overview2. ... Image File history File links Campo_dei_Miracoli_overview2. ... The Tower of Pisa. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 360 KB) Pisa Duomo. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 360 KB) Pisa Duomo. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ... A cathedral is a Christian church building, specifically of a denomination with an episcopal hierarchy, such as the Anglican, Catholic and some Lutheran churches, which serves as the central church of a diocese, and thus as a bishops seat. ...

It was begun in 1064 by the architect Buscheto and is the originator of the distinctive Pisan Romanesque style in architecture. The mosaics of the interior show a strong Byzantine influence, while the pointed arches point to Muslim influences. Events Sunset Crater Volcano first erupts. ... Romanesque St. ... Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent c. ... A Muslim (Arabic: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…, Turkish: MÃ¼slÃ¼man, Persian and Urdu: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…Ø§Ù†, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ...

The façade, of grey marble and white stone set with discs of coloured marble, was built by a master Rainaldo, as indicated by a write above the middle door: Rainaldus prudens operator. Venus de Milo, front. ...

The massive bronze main doors were made in the workshops of Giambologna, but visitors actually enter through the Portale di San Ranieri (St. Ranieri's Gate), opposite the Leaning Tower. Made in around 1180 by Bonanno Pisano, this doorway was actually moved from its original place opposite the Baptistery when Giambologna's doors were erected. Assorted ancient Bronze castings found as part of a cache, probably intended for recycling. ... Portrait of Giovanni Bologna by Hendrick Goltzius Giambologna, born as Jean Boulogne, also known as Giovanni Da Bologna and Giovanni Bologna (1529 - 1608) was a sculptor who best known for his marble statuary and works in bronze. ... Events April 13 - Frederick Barbarossa issues the Gelnhausen Charter November 18 - France Emperor Antoku succeds Emperor Takakura as emperor of Japan Afonso I of Portugal is taken prisoner by Ferdinand II of Leon Artois is annexed by France Prince Mochihito amasses a large army and instigates the Genpei War between... The Campo dei Miracoli (Field of Miracles) is a wide, walled area at the heart of the city of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy (, ), recognized as one of the main centers for Mediaeval art in the world. ...

Above the doors there are four rows of open galleries with, on top, statues of Madonna with Child and, on the corners, the Four evangelists. One of these galleries contains the tomb of Buscheto.

The interior is faced with black and white marble and has a gilded ceiling and a frescoed dome. It was largely redecorated after a fire in 1595, which destroyed most of the medieval art works. Gilding is the art of spreading gold, either by mechanical or by chemical means, over the surface of a body for the purpose of ornament. ... Fresco by Dionisius representing Saint Nicholas. ... Events January 30 - William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is performed for the first time. ...

The impressive mosaic, in the apse, of Christ in Majesty, flanked by the Blessed Virgin and St. John the Evangelist, which was completed by Cimabue in 1302, survived the fire however. It evokes the mosaics in the church of Monreale, Sicily. The cupola, at the intersection of the nave and the transept, was decorated by Riminaldi showing the ascension of the Blessed Virgin. Galileo is believed to have formulated his theory about the movement of a pendulum by watching the swinging of the huge incense lamp (not the present one) hanging from the ceiling of the nave. The impressive granite Corinthian columns between the nave and the aisle came originally from the mosque of Palermo, captured by the Pisans in 1063. Mosaic is the art of decoration with small pieces of colored glass, stone or other material. ... This article is about an architectural feature; for the astronomical term see apsis. ... Crucifix (1287-88) Panel, 448 x 390 cm Basilica di Santa Croce, Florence Cenni di Pepo (Giovanni) Cimabue (c. ... Events July 11 - Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch), major victory of Flanders over the French occupier. ... The apse of the cathedral of Monreale Monreale is a small city in the province of Palermo, in Sicily, Italy. ... Sicily (Sicilia in Italian, Latin, Sicilian and Spanish, Î£Î¹ÎºÎµÎ»Î¯Î± in Greek, Sqallija Maltese) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,700 kmÂ² and 5 million inhabitants. ... Links to full descriptions of the elements of a Gothic floorplan are also found at the entry Cathedral diagram. ... Full descriptions of the elements of a Gothic floorplan are found at the entry Cathedral diagram. ... KDFSAJFKASJDKFJASDKLJFDKLASJFLKJASKLFJLAKSJFLKSJALFKJSKLJFto the Sun-centered solar system which Galileo supported. ... Simple gravity pendulum assumes no air resistance and no friction of/at the nail/screw. ... Incense is a preparation of aromatic plant matter, often with the addition of essential oils extracted from plant or animal sources, intended to release fragrant smoke for religious, therapeutic, or aesthetic purposes as it smolders. ... Links to full descriptions of the elements of a Gothic floorplan are also found at the entry Cathedral diagram. ... The Masjid al-Haram in Mecca as it exists today A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ... Palermo (Palermo in Italian, Palermu, Palemmu, Paliermu or Paliemmu in Sicilian) is the principal city and administrative seat of the autonomous region of Sicily, Italy as well as the capital of the Province of Palermo. ...

The coffer ceiling of the nave was replaced after the fire of 1595. The present gold-decorated ceiling carries the coat of arms of the Medici. The Medici coat of arms The Medici family was a powerful and influential Florentine family from the 13th to 17th century. ...

The elaborately carved pulpit (1302-1310), which also survived the fire, was the masterpiece of Giovanni Pisano. It was packed away during the redecoration and was not rediscovered and re-erected until 1926. It shows nine scenes from the New Testament, carved in white marble with a chiaroscuro effect. It contains a bold, naturalistic depiction of a naked Hercules For other uses of Ambo, see Ambo, Ethiopia, Kom Ombo, ambulance Ambo (band). ... Giovanni Pisano (c. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Tenebrism. ... Hercules and the Nemean Lion (detail), silver plate, 6th century BC (Cabinet des MÃ©dailles, Paris). ...

The church also contains the mummified body of St Ranieri, Pisa's patron saint, and the tomb of the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII, carved by Tino da Camaino in 1315. Mummified cat from Ancient Egypt. ... Saint Quentin is the patron saint of locksmiths and is also invoked against coughs and sneezes. ... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... Henry VII, (In German: Heinrich), ca. ... Events August 13 - Louis X of France marries Clemence dAnjou. ...

The building, as several in Pisa, is also slightly tilting since the construction.

Baptistery

The Baptistery, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, stands opposite the west end of the Duomo. The round Romanesque building was begun in the mid 12th century: 1153 Mense August fundata fuit haec ("In the month of August 1153 was set up here..."). It was built in Romanesque style by an architect known as Deotisalvi ("God Save You"). His name is mentioned on a pillar inside, as Diotosalvi magister. It was not, however, finished until the 14th century, when the loggia, the top storey and the dome were added in Gothic style by Nicola Pisano and Giovanni Pisano. It is the largest baptistery in Italy. Its circumference measures 107.25 m. Taking into account the statue of St. John the Baptist (attributed to Turino di Sano) on top of the dome, it is even a few centimetres higher than the Leaning Tower. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1200x1600, 379 KB) Pisa Baptistry. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1200x1600, 379 KB) Pisa Baptistry. ... In Christian architecture the baptistery or baptistry (Latin baptisterium) is the separate centrally-planned structure surrounding the baptismal font. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... Romanesque St. ... Architect at his drawing board, 1893 An Architect is a person who is involved in the planning, designing and oversight of a buildings construction. ... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ... See also Gothic art. ... Nicola Pisano (c. ... Giovanni Pisano (c. ... In Christian architecture the baptistery or baptistry (Latin baptisterium) is the separate centrally-planned structure surrounding the baptismal font. ...

The portal, facing the facade of the cathedral, is flanked by two classical columns, while the inner jambs are executed in Byzantine style. The lintel is divided in two tiers. The lower one depicts several episodes in the life of St. John the Baptist, while the upper one shows Christ between the Madonna and St John the Baptist, flanked by angels and the evangelists. Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire. ... Pre-fabricated, pre-tensioned concrete lintels spanning garage doors. ...

The immensity of the interior is overwhelming, but it is surprisingly plain and lacks decoration. It has a notable acoustics also. Acoustics is a branch of physics and is the study of sound (mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids). ...

The octagonal font at the centre dates from 1246 and was made by Guido Bigarelli da Como. The bronze sculpture of St. John the Baptist at the centre of the font, is a remarkable work by Italo Griselli. A font can mean: A member of a typeface family; or digital font - file format that encapsulates a typeface family in a database. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Saga, emperor of Japan. ...

The pulpit was sculpted between 1255-1260 by Nicola Pisano, father of Giovanni Pisano, the artist who produced the pulpit in the Duomo. The scenes on the pulpit, and especially the classical form of the naked Hercules, show at best Pisano's qualities as the most important precursor of Italian renaissance sculpture. Nicola Pisano (c. ... Giovanni Pisano (c. ...

Camposanto

The Camposanto monumentale ("monumental cemetery") lies at the northern edge of the Campo. It is a walled cemetery, which many claim is the most beautiful cemetery in the world. It is said to have been built around a shipload of sacred soil from Golgotha, brought back to Pisa from the 4th Crusade by the archbishop Ubaldo de' Lanfranchi in the 12th century. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x960, 386 KB) Summary Pisa, Italy - Camposanto Monumentale with gothic tabernacle Own work - photo taken by Georges Jansoone on 10 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Campo dei Miracoli ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x960, 386 KB) Summary Pisa, Italy - Camposanto Monumentale with gothic tabernacle Own work - photo taken by Georges Jansoone on 10 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Campo dei Miracoli ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 162 KB) Summary Description: Interior courtyard of the Camposanto (monumental cemetery) at the Campo dei Miracoli, Pisa, Italy Source: self-made Date: 2005-03-04 Author: Kian Wright Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 162 KB) Summary Description: Interior courtyard of the Camposanto (monumental cemetery) at the Campo dei Miracoli, Pisa, Italy Source: self-made Date: 2005-03-04 Author: Kian Wright Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete... Graves at Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York A cemetery is a place in which dead bodies and cremated remains are buried. ... Calvary (Golgotha) was the hill outside Jerusalem on which Jesus was crucified. ... This article is about the medieval crusades. ... In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop. ...

The building itself dates from a century later and was erected over the earlier burial ground. The building of this huge, oblong Gothic cloister began in 1278 by the architect Giovanni di Simone. He died in 1284 when Pisa suffered a defeat in a naval battle of Meloria against the Genoans. The cemetery was only completed in 1464. The outer wall is composed of 43 blind arches. There are two doorways. The one on the right is crowned by a gracious Gothic tabernacle. It contains the Virgin Mary with Child, surrounded by four saints. It is the work from the second half of the 14th century by a follower of Giovanni Pisano. Most of the tombs are under the arcades, although a few are on the central lawn. The inner court is surrounded by elaborate round arches with slender mullions and plurilobed tracery. Cloister of Saint Trophimus, in Arles, France A cloister (from latin claustrum) is a part of cathedral, monastic and abbey architecture. ... Combatants Genoa Pisa Commanders Oberto Doria Benedetto Zaccaria Alberto Morosini Ugolino della Gherardesca Andreotto Saraceno Strength 78 galleys and 8 panfili Unknown Casualties The Battle of Meloria was fought on Sunday August 6, 1284 near the Meloria islet, in the Tyrrhenian Sea. ... Mullion, Cornwall is also the name of a village in Cornwall off the Lizard. ... Tracery is implementation of net-like decorations in a building used especially in Gothic architecture. ...

It contained a huge collection of Roman sculptures and sarcophagi, but now there are only 84 left. The walls were once covered in frescoes, the first were applied in 1360, the last about three centuries later. The Stories of the Old Testament by Benozzo Gozzoli (15th century) were situated in the north gallery, wile the south arcade was famous for the Stories of the Genesi by Piero di Puccio (end 15th century). The most remarkable fresco is the realistic The Triumph of Death, the work of an unknown master, called Maestro del Trionfo delle Morte. But on 27 July 1944 incendiary bombs dropped by Allied aircraft set the roof on fire and covered them in molten lead, all but destroying them. Since 1945 restoration works have been going on and now the Camposanto has been brought back to its original state. Stone sarcophagus of Pharaoh Merenptah Detail of a stone sarcophagus in the Istanbul Archeological Museum showing a hunting scene Anthropoid sarcophagus discovered at CÃ¡diz A sarcophagus is a stone container for a coffin or body. ... Fresco by Dionisius representing Saint Nicholas. ... Benozzo Gozzoli Three Wise Men, fresco in the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi, Florence, 1459-1461. ... July 27 is the 208th day (209th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 157 days remaining. ... Year 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... Incendiary bombs are bombs designed to start fires or destroy sensitive equipment using materials such as napalm, thermite, or white phosphorus. ... In general, allies are people or groups that have joined an alliance and are working together to achieve some common purpose. ...

See also

Montreal (Canada) cathedral Cathedrals are among the most ambitious buildings ever conceived, far exceeding the size and complexity of most other constructions and often requiring many years to complete. ...

External links

World Heritage Sites in Italy

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Coordinates: 43°43′24″N, 10°23′43″E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Contents

Baptistery

Camposanto

See also

External links