Canadian French is an umbrella term for the dialects or varieties of French found in Canada [1] and areas of French Canadian settlement in the United States. It is the mother tongue of about 6.7 million Canadians (23% of the Canadian population) [2]. While most native French speakers in Canada live in Quebec, where it is the majority language, about one million native francophones live in other provinces, forming sizeable minorities in Ontario and New Brunswick and significantly smaller communities in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. Many, but not all, of these communities are supported by French-language institutions. A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος, dialektos) is a variety of a language used by people from a particular geographic area. ... A variety of a language is a form that differs from other forms of the language systematically and coherently. ... French Canadian is a term that has several different connotations. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Look up Francophone in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages English (de facto) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 106 24 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total)  Ranked 4th 1,076... Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope restored) Official languages English, French Flower Purple Violet Tree Balsam Fir Bird Black-capped Chickadee Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Lieutenant-Governor Herménégilde Chiasson Premier Shawn Graham (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 10 10 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total)  Ranked... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Official languages English and French, per mandate of the Constitution Act 1982 Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 14 6 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total)  Ranked 8th 647... Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (Latin: From many peoples strength) Official languages English Flower Western Red Lily Tree Paper Birch Bird Sharp-tailed Grouse Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Lieutenant-Governor Gordon Barnhart Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 14 6 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of... Motto: Fortis et liber (Latin: Strong and free) Official languages English (see below) Flower   Wild rose Tree Lodgepole Pine Bird Great Horned Owl Capital Edmonton Largest city Calgary Lieutenant-Governor Norman Kwong Premier Ed Stelmach (PC) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 28 6 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total...

While French, with no specification as to dialect or variety, has the status as one of Canada's two official languages at the federal government level, English is the native language of the majority of Canadians. The federal government provides services and operates in both languages. French is the sole official language in Quebec at the provincial level and is co-official with English in New Brunswick. The provincial governments of Ontario, New Brunswick, and Manitoba are required to provide services in French where justified by the number of affected people. However, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms requires all provinces to provide primary and secondary education to their official-language minorities at public expense. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope restored) Official languages English, French Flower Purple Violet Tree Balsam Fir Bird Black-capped Chickadee Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Lieutenant-Governor Herménégilde Chiasson Premier Shawn Graham (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 10 10 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total)  Ranked... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages English (de facto) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 106 24 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total)  Ranked 4th 1,076... Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope restored) Official languages English, French Flower Purple Violet Tree Balsam Fir Bird Black-capped Chickadee Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Lieutenant-Governor Herménégilde Chiasson Premier Shawn Graham (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 10 10 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total)  Ranked... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Official languages English and French, per mandate of the Constitution Act 1982 Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 14 6 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total)  Ranked 8th 647... The Charter, signed by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau in 1981. ...

French dialects in Canada

As a consequence of geographical and political/historical (British Conquest) isolation, the French language in Canada presents three distinct dialects (distinct from French in Europe, but also among each other within Canada):

• Quebec French is spoken mainly in Quebec, but also by French-speaking communities in Northern Ontario, Western Canada, Labrador and even in the New England region of the USA (mainly Aroostook County, Maine).
• Acadian French is spoken by the Acadians in the Canadian Maritimes and some parts of Quebec and Newfoundland. It is an ancestor of Cajun French.
• Newfoundland French is spoken by a few people in Newfoundland. It is an endangered dialect.

These dialects are not Old French – a much earlier stage of the language that was spoken during the High Middle Ages. Their origins in Canada lie in the 17th and 18th century regional varieties of early Modern French, also known as Classical French, and of other Oïl languages (such as Norman and Picard) that French colonists brought to New France. The three dialects can also be historically and geographically associated with three of the five former colonies of New France, respectively Canada, Acadia, and Terre-Neuve (Newfoundland). Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages English (de facto) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 106 24 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total)  Ranked 4th 1,076... Western Canada is a geographic region of Canada, also known as simply the West, generally considered to be west of the province of Ontario. ... Labrador (also Coast of Labrador) is a region of Atlantic Canada. ... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... The Acadians (French: Acadiens) are the descendants of the 17th-century French colonists who settled in Acadia (located on the northern portion of North Americas east coast). ... The Maritimes or Maritime provinces are a region of Canada on the Atlantic coast, consisting of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Newfoundland (disambiguation). ... Cajun French spread in Louisiana. ... Newfoundland French is a dialect of French that was once spoken by settlers in the French colony of Newfoundland. ... For other uses, see Newfoundland (disambiguation). ... Old French was the Romance dialect continuum spoken in territories corresponding roughly to the northern half of modern France and parts of Belgium and Switzerland from around 1000 to 1300 A.D. It was known at the time as the langue doïl to distinguish it from the langue... The cathedral Notre Dame de Paris, a significant architectural contribution of the High Middle Ages. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... French (français, langue française) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered in speakers only by Spanish and Portuguese. ... The langue doïl language family in linguistics comprises Romance languages originating in territories now occupied by northern France, part of Belgium and the Channel Islands. ... Norman is a Romance language and one of the Oïl languages. ... Picard is a language closely related to French, and as such is one of the larger group of Romance languages. ... Flag Capital Quebec Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholicism Government Monarchy King See List of French monarchs Governor See list of Governors Legislature Sovereign Council of New France Historical era Ancien Régime in France  - Royal Control 1655  - Articles of Capitulation of Quebec 1759  - Articles of Capitulation of Montreal 1760... Flag Capital Quebec Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholicism Government Monarchy King See List of French monarchs Governor See list of Governors Legislature Sovereign Council of New France Historical era Ancien Régime in France  - Royal Control 1655  - Articles of Capitulation of Quebec 1759  - Articles of Capitulation of Montreal 1760... The national flag of Acadia, adopted in 1884. ... For other uses, see Newfoundland (disambiguation). ...

In addition, Michif is a mixed language based on Cree and Quebec French. Michif (also Mitchif, Mechif, Michif-Cree, Métif, Métchif) is the language of the Métis people of Canada and the northern United States, who are the descendants of First Nations women (mainly Cree, Nakota and Ojibwe) and fur trade workers of European ancestry (mainly French Canadians). ... A mixed language is a language that arises when two languages are in contact and there is a high degree of bilingualism among speakers. ... Cree is the name for a group of closely-related Algonquian languages spoken by approximately 50,000 speakers across Canada, from Alberta to Labrador. ... Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ...

Labelling and dominance of Quebec French

Within Canadian French, Quebec French is so dominant that they are often considered one and the same. The liberal use of the label "Canadian French" is in some ways similar to the English and French uses of "Flemish" / "le flamand". These terms are almost always over-generalized to signify Dutch - the standard, common, and official language spoken by the Flemish Community of Belgium. For a detailed explanation, see the introductions for the articles on Flemish and on Dutch. The term Flemish can be a linguistic one, referring to the speech of the Flemings, inhabitants of Flanders, or a geographical one, referring to any attribute of Flanders, but not to its official language, which is exclusively Dutch. ... The term Flemish Community has two distinct, though related, meanings: culturally and sociologically, it refers to Flemish organisations, media, social and cultural life; alternative expressions for this concept might be the Flemish people or the Flemish nation (in a similar sense as the Scottish nation, the Basque or Catalan); politically... The term Flemish can be a linguistic one, referring to the speech of the Flemings, inhabitants of Flanders, or a geographical one, referring to any attribute of Flanders, but not to its official language, which is exclusively Dutch. ...

Speakers of Acadian French tend to view the more formal varieties of Quebec French as a linguistic standard for three main reasons:^{[citation needed]} In linguistics, a register is a subset of a language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting. ...

1. While being the only province whose majority is francophone, Quebec is also home to the majority of francophones in Canada.
2. The Quebec government has taken legislative action to improve the social and legal status of the French language through massive terminological work, the Charter of the French Language, and the Office québécois de la langue française.
3. On a pan-Canadian level, Quebec French overwhelmingly dominates francophone culture and the French-language media.

Terminology, in its general sense, simply refers to the usage and study of terms, that is to say words and compound words generally used in specific contexts. ... The Charter of the French Language (also known as Bill 101 and Loi 101) is a framework law in the province of Quebec, Canada, defining the linguistic rights of all Quebecers and making French, the language of the majority, the sole official language of Quebec. ... The Office québécois de la langue française (OQLF) (Quebec Office of the French language) was established on March 24, 1961 along with the Quebec ministry of Cultural affairs. ...

The language across Canada

Quebec

Quebec is the only province whose sole official language is French. However, many of the services it provides are available in English for the sizeable anglophone population of the province (i.e. Montreal). Quebec French is noticeably different in pronunciation and vocabulary from Metropolitan French in France, but they are easily mutually comprehensible. The differences are due to the long history of French in North America and the fact that French immigrants to New France kept speaking the French of the Ancien régime (and slowly changing their language as all language communities do) while the French Revolution led to the standardization of bourgeois Parisian French in France. Today, 81.4 percent of Quebecers or Québécois are francophone. [3] Different regions of Quebec have their own style, due to their isolation for many years: Gaspé Peninsula, North Coast, Quebec City, Lac St-Jean, Outaouais, and Abitibi have clear differences in choice of words and pronunciation, based on culture, lifestyle, and origins. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Look up Anglophone in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Nickname: City of Mary Motto: Concordia Salus Coordinates: Country Canada Province Québec Founded 1642 Established 1832  - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1] [2]    - City 185. ... Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... French (français, langue française) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered in speakers only by Spanish and Portuguese. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... Flag Capital Quebec Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholicism Government Monarchy King See List of French monarchs Governor See list of Governors Legislature Sovereign Council of New France Historical era Ancien Régime in France  - Royal Control 1655  - Articles of Capitulation of Quebec 1759  - Articles of Capitulation of Montreal 1760... Ancien Régime, a French term meaning Former Regime, but rendered in English as Old Rule, Old Order, or simply Old Regime, refers primarily to the aristocratic social and political system established in France under the Valois and Bourbon dynasties. ... i heart kate young The French Revolution was a period of major political and social change in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to... Old French is a term sometimes used to refer to the langue doïl, the continuum of varieties of Romance language spoken in territories corresponding roughly to the northern half of modern France and parts of Belgium and Switzerland during the period roughly from 1000 to 1300 A.D... NASA satellite image of the Gaspé Peninsula. ... North Coast may refer to The Northeast Ohio or Greater Cleveland regions of the U.S. state of Ohio, on the south shore of Lake Erie and hence referred to as Americas North Coast. North Coast, New South Wales The California North Coast. ... Motto : « Don de Dieu feray valoir Â» (I shall put Gods gift to good use) Site in the province of Quebec Official logo Country  Canada Province Québec Agglomeration Quebec City Statute of the city Capitale-Nationale Administrative Region Capitale-Nationale Constitution date 1833 Geographical code 24 23027 Founder Foundation... Saguenay refers to: the city of Saguenay, Quebec; the Saguenay River; the region of the Saguenay (see Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean); the legendary Kingdom of the Saguenay. ... Outaouais is a region of the province of Quebec, Canada. ... Abitibi may refer to one of the following: Abitibi-Témiscamingue, one of the regions of Quebec, and is the name of a regional county municipality in Quebec see Abitibi Regional County Municipality, Quebec. ...

The Outaouais region is located near Ottawa. French-speaking people there use English words and deviations. You will find phrases like: Outaouais is a region of the province of Quebec, Canada. ... Motto: Advance Ottawa/Ottawa en avant Location of the City of Ottawa in the Province of Ontario Coordinates: Country Canada Province Ontario Established 1850 as Town of Bytown Incorporated 1855 as City of Ottawa Amalgamated January 1, 2001  - Mayor Larry OBrien  - City Council Ottawa City Council  - Representatives 8 MPs...

• "Tooter de la horn": To toot the horn.
• "Se faire couper les cheveux bawled": To get a bald head haircut.

In eastern regions, the pronunciation is the greatest differentiator.

Atlantic Canada

French is one of the two official languages of the province of New Brunswick. Apart from Quebec, this is the only other Canadian province that recognizes French as an official language. Approximately one third of New Brunswickers are francophone [4], the largest Acadian population in Canada. Most commonly known as Acadian French, the variety of French spoken in Atlantic Canada possesses features different from those of Québécois French. It also has speakers in the provinces of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. Newfoundland is also home to its own distinct dialect of French, Newfoundland French. Acadian French is historically related to Cajun French. Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope restored) Official languages English, French Flower Purple Violet Tree Balsam Fir Bird Black-capped Chickadee Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Lieutenant-Governor Herménégilde Chiasson Premier Shawn Graham (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 10 10 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total)  Ranked... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... The four Canadian Atlantic provinces. ... Quebec French or Québécois French is a dialect of French spoken natively by the great majority (82. ... For other uses, see Newfoundland (disambiguation). ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit (Latin: One defends and the other conquers) Official languages English, French (Canadian Gaelic) [] Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 11 10 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total)  Ranked... Motto: Parva Sub Ingenti The Small Protected By The Great) Official languages English Flower Pink Ladys Slipper Tree Red Oak Bird Blue Jay Capital Charlottetown Largest city Charlottetown Lieutenant-Governor Barbara Oliver Hagerman Premier Pat Binns (PC) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 4 4 Area Total  - Land  - Water... For other uses, see Newfoundland (disambiguation). ... Newfoundland French is a dialect of French that was once spoken by settlers in the French colony of Newfoundland. ... Cajun French spread in Louisiana. ...

Although not traditionally associated with Acadia, the Magdalen Islands, an archipelago of 9 small islands belonging to Quebec, also have historical ties with Acadian French. The Magdalen Islands The Magdalen Islands (French, ÃŽles de la Madeleine) form a small archipelago in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence with a land area of 205. ...

In Acadia, French is a minority language. In some communities, it is an endangered language. A minority language is a language spoken by a minority of the population of a country. ... An endangered language is a language with so few surviving speakers that it is in danger of falling out of use. ...

Ontario

Although French is the native language of just over half a million Canadians in Ontario, francophone Ontarians represent only 4.4 percent of the province's population and are concentrated near the border with Quebec (Eastern Ontario), in Sudbury, and much of north-eastern Ontario. Nonetheless, they are also present in smaller numbers throughout the province as well. However, a third of Franco-Ontarians no longer speak the language at home. Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages English (de facto) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 106 24 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total)  Ranked 4th 1,076... This article describes the Canadian province. ... Eastern Ontario is the region of the Canadian province of Ontario which lies between the Ottawa and St. ... Greater Sudbury (2001 census population 155,219) is a city in Northern Ontario. ... Franco-Ontarians (French: Franco-ontarien) are French Canadian or francophone residents of the Canadian province of Ontario. ...

The province has no official language, although it is a largely English-speaking province. Ontario law requires that the provincial Legislative Assembly operate in both English and French (individuals can speak in the Assembly in the official language of their choice), and requires that all provincial statutes and bills be made available in English and French. Furthermore, an individual is entitled to communicate with the head or central office of any provincial government department or agency in French, and an individual is entitled to receive all government services in French in 23 designated areas in the province. The provincial government of Ontario's website is bilingual. Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages English (de facto) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 106 24 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total)  Ranked 4th 1,076...

Western Canada

Manitoba also has a significant Franco-Manitoban community, centred especially in the St. Boniface area of Winnipeg, but also in many surrounding villages. The provincial government of Manitoba boasts the only bilingual website of the Prairies; the Canadian constitution makes French an official language in Manitoba for the Legislature and Courts. Saskatchewan also has a Fransaskois community, as does Alberta with its Franco-Albertans. British-Columbia, on the other hand, hosts only a small francophone population, the Franco-Columbians. The Franco-Manitobans are a community of French-speaking people living in Manitoba. ... Saint Boniface is an area of the city of Winnipeg, home to the Franco-Manitoban community. ... Motto: Template:Unhide = Unum Cum Virtute Multorum (One With the Strength of Many) Location City Information Established: 1738 (Fort Rouge), 1873 (City of Winnipeg) Area: 465. ... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Official languages English and French, per mandate of the Constitution Act 1982 Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 14 6 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total)  Ranked 8th 647... Flag of the Fransaskois Fransaskois are francophones or French Canadians living in the Prairie province of Saskatchewan. ... The Franco-Albertans are an extended community of French Canadians or French-speaking people living in Alberta. ... Franco-Columbians or Franco-Colombiens are French speaking Canadians living in the Pacific province of British Columbia. ...

Although not a dialect of French, Michif, a unique mixed language based on Cree and French, is spoken by a small number of Métis living mostly in the province of Manitoba. Michif is the indigenous language of the Métis people of Canada. ... A mixed language is a language that arises when two languages are in contact and there is a high degree of bilingualism among speakers. ... Cree is the name for a group of closely-related Algonquian languages spoken by approximately 50,000 speakers across Canada, from Alberta to Labrador. ... The Métis (pronounced MAY tee, SAMPA: [meti], in French: [metis] or, [mEtIs]) are an ethnic group of the Canadian prairies and Ontario. ... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Official languages English and French, per mandate of the Constitution Act 1982 Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 14 6 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total)  Ranked 8th 647...

Northern Canada

French is an official language in each of the three northern territories: Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. This article is about Yukon Territory in Canada. ... Motto: none Official languages Chipewyan, Cree, English, French, Gwich’in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey, Tåîchô [1] Flower Mountain avens Tree Tamarack Bird Gyr Falcon Capital Yellowknife Largest city Yellowknife Commissioner Tony Whitford Premier Joe Handley (Consensus government (no party affiliations)) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats... Motto: Nunavut Sannginivut (Inuktitut: Nunavut our strength or Our land our strength) Official languages Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, English, French Capital Iqaluit Largest city Iqaluit Commissioner Ann Meekitjuk Hanson Premier Paul Okalik (Consensus government) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 1 (Nancy Karetak-Lindell) 1 (Willie Adams) Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of...

French-speaking communities in Canada outside of Quebec

• Franco-Ontarians
• Franco-Manitobans
• Fransaskois (in Saskatchewan)
• Franco-Albertans
• Franco-Columbians
• Acadians (in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island)
• Franco-Terreneuvians

Franco-Ontarians (French: Franco-ontarien) are French Canadian or francophone residents of the Canadian province of Ontario. ... The Franco-Manitobans are a community of French-speaking people living in Manitoba. ... Flag of the Fransaskois Fransaskois are francophones or French Canadians living in the Prairie province of Saskatchewan. ... Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (Latin: From many peoples strength) Official languages English Flower Western Red Lily Tree Paper Birch Bird Sharp-tailed Grouse Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Lieutenant-Governor Gordon Barnhart Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 14 6 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of... The Franco-Albertans are an extended community of French Canadians or French-speaking people living in Alberta. ... Franco-Columbians or Franco-Colombiens are French speaking Canadians living in the Pacific province of British Columbia. ... The Acadians (French: Acadiens) are the descendants of the 17th-century French colonists who settled in Acadia (located on the northern portion of North Americas east coast). ... Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope restored) Official languages English, French Flower Purple Violet Tree Balsam Fir Bird Black-capped Chickadee Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Lieutenant-Governor Herménégilde Chiasson Premier Shawn Graham (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 10 10 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total)  Ranked... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit (Latin: One defends and the other conquers) Official languages English, French (Canadian Gaelic) [] Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 11 10 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total)  Ranked... Motto: Parva Sub Ingenti The Small Protected By The Great) Official languages English Flower Pink Ladys Slipper Tree Red Oak Bird Blue Jay Capital Charlottetown Largest city Charlottetown Lieutenant-Governor Barbara Oliver Hagerman Premier Pat Binns (PC) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 4 4 Area Total  - Land  - Water...

External links

• "French language: Canadian French today" The Canadian Encyclopedia. Toronto: Hurtig Publishers.
• Canadian French - English Dictionary
• 2001 Census: Language
• Office québécois de la langue française
• Grand dictionnaire terminologique
• Salon Quebecois Internet's Largest Canadian French Glossary

To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

See also

• Bilingualism in Canada
• French in the United States
• French Language
• French pronunciation
• Language in Canada
• Quebec French lexicon