Canadian Light Source architectural scale model

Canadian Light Source Building

Canadian Light Source Entrance

Canadian Light Source rear view of building

The Canadian Light Source (CLS) is a third-generation 2.9 GeV synchrotron located in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. It opened on October 22, 2004 after three years of construction and cost C$173.5 million. One of only 42 such facilities in the world, it occupies a footprint the size of a football field on the grounds of the University of Saskatchewan. The CLS is operated by CLS Inc. a not-for-profit corporation owned by the University of Saskatchewan. A non-profit organization (often called non-profit org or simply non-profit or not-for-profit) can be seen as an organization that doesnt have a goal to make a profit. ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ... Saskatoon is a city located in central Saskatchewan, Canada, on the South Saskatchewan River. ... Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (Latin: The Strength of Many Peoples) Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Gordon Barnhart - Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (Split from NWT) (9th (province)) Area  Ranked... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... For the album by the Kaiser Chiefs see Employment (album) Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. ... A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos and other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the Internet, cell phone or a LAN. A Web page is a document, typically written in HTML... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2304 × 1728 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2304 × 1728 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 410 pixelsFull resolution (2236 × 1147 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 410 pixelsFull resolution (2236 × 1147 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2304 × 1728 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2304 × 1728 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 798 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2133 × 1602 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 798 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2133 × 1602 pixel, file size: 1. ... A GEV (or Ground Effect Vehicle) is vehicle that takes advantage of the aerodynamic principle of ground effect (or Wing-in-ground). ... Synchrotrons are now mostly used for producing monochromatic high intensity X-ray beams; here, the synchrotron is the circular track, off which the beamlines branch. ... Saskatoon is a city located in central Saskatchewan, Canada, on the South Saskatchewan River. ... is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Lilium University of Saskatchewan - The University of Saskatchewan Centennial Lily by plant breeder Donna Hay. ...

Overview

The CLS is one of the largest science project in Canadian history, and represents an unprecedented level of cooperation between the Government of Canada, the governments of Saskatchewan, Ontario and Alberta, the City of Saskatoon, universities across Canada and industry. Bold text The Canada wordmark, used by most agencies of the Canadian federal government. ... Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (Latin: The Strength of Many Peoples) Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Gordon Barnhart - Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (Split from NWT) (9th (province)) Area  Ranked... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman - Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 106 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area [1] Ranked... Motto: Fortis et liber(Latin) Strong and free Capital Edmonton Largest city Calgary Official languages English (see below) Government - Lieutenant-Governor Norman Kwong - Premier Ed Stelmach (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 28 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (split from Northwest Territories) (8th [Province]) Area Ranked... Nickname: Location of Saskatoon (indicated by the red star) Coordinates: Country Canada Province Saskatchewan Establishment 1883 Incorporation 1906 Government  - Mayor Don Atchison  - Governing body Saskatoon City Council  - MP Carol Skelton Brad Trost Maurice Vellacott Lynne Yelich  - MLAs Graham Addley Pat Atkinson Lorne Calvert Ken Cheveldayoff Eric Cline David Forbes Andy...

A synchrotron produces extremely bright light by using radio frequency waves to accelerate electrons to nearly the speed of light and then bending the path of the electron stream into a circle using powerful electromagnets. As they travel in their circular path, the electrons shed energy as photons across the electromagnetic spectrum including infrared, ultraviolet and X-rays. The light is shone down beamlines to endstations (small laboratories) where scientists can select different parts of the spectrum to “see” the microscopic nature of matter, right down to the level of the atom. Synchrotrons are now mostly used for producing monochromatic high intensity X-ray beams; here, the synchrotron is the circular track, off which the beamlines branch. ... A WAVES Photographer 3rd Class The WAVES were a World War II era division of the U.S. Navy that consisted entirely of women. ... Properties The electron (also called negatron, commonly represented as e−) is a subatomic particle. ... An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is induced by a flow of electric current. ... In physics, the photon (from Greek φως, phōs, meaning light) is the quantum of the electromagnetic field; for instance, light. ... Legend γ = Gamma rays HX = Hard X-rays SX = Soft X-Rays EUV = Extreme ultraviolet NUV = Near ultraviolet Visible light NIR = Near infrared MIR = Moderate infrared FIR = Far infrared Radio waves EHF = Extremely high frequency (Microwaves) SHF = Super high frequency (Microwaves) UHF = Ultra high frequency VHF = Very high frequency HF = High... Image of two girls in mid-infrared (thermal) light (false-color) Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than that of visible light, but shorter than that of radio waves. ... “UV” redirects here. ... In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by Röntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz... In particle physics, a beamline is the line in a linear accelerator along which a beam of particles travels. ...

Synchrotrons like the CLS can be used to probe the structure of matter and analyze a host of physical, chemical, geological and biological processes. Information obtained by scientists can be used to help design new drugs, examine the structure of surfaces in order to develop more effective motor oils, biomedical imaging of tumours and other biological tissues, build more powerful computer chips, develop new materials for safer medical implants, and help with clean-up of mining wastes, to name just a few applications. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Matter is the substance of which physical objects are composed. ... Tumor (American English) or tumour (British English) originally means swelling, and is sometimes still used with that meaning. ... Biological tissue is a collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism. ... A microchip is, properly, an integrated circuit (IC). ...

History

Before The CLS

The first accelerator research programs at the University of Saskatchewan was established in 1948, when Canada's first betatron (a 25 MeV machine) was constructed in the Physics Building. Based on this early success in 1951 the world's first non-commercial cobalt-60 therapy unit for the treatment of cancer was constructed on campus and then in 1961 construction of the Saskatchewan Accelerator Laboratory (SAL) started and was completed in 1964. In 1999 SAL operations were discontiuned and the accelerator used as an injector for the CLS. In addition to the CLS the University continues to operate a small Tokamak as part of the Plasma Physics Laboratory. 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... A betatron is a particle accelerator developed by Donald Kerst at the University of Illinois in 1940 to accelerate electrons. ... Cobalt 60 is a Front 242 side project featuring Front 242s Jean-Luc de Meyer and Dominique Lallement. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Saskatchewan Accelerator Laboratory (SAL) was a linear accelerator facility on the University of Saskatchewan campus in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ... The Plasma Physics Laboratory at the University of Saskatchewan was established in 1959 by H. M. Skarsgard, early work centered on research with a Betatron. ...

Prior to the CLS, Canada (through the University of Western Ontario) operated several beamlines at the Synchrotron Radiation Center (SRC), at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, in Stoughton, Wisconsin. The University of Western Ontario (known as Western, as well as UWO or Western Ontario) is a research university located in London, Ontario, Canada. ... The Synchrotron Radiation Center [1] (SRC), located at the University of Wisconsin-Madison [2], was originally built around Tantalus, a 240 MeV electron storage ring, which was a legacy of the Midwestern Universities Research Association (MURA) laboratory. ... The University of Wisconsin–Madison (also known as UW–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin, or UW) is a highly selective public research university located in Madison, Wisconsin. ... Stoughton is a city in Dane County, Wisconsin. ...

The CLS Project

On March 31 1999 The Canada Foundation for Innovation provided partial funding for the construction of the CLS facility. The remaining matching funds from Saskatchewan, Ontario, Alberta, Saskatoon and industry would follow between 1999 and 2001. On September 21 1999 The CLS project was officially launched. On February 21 2001 the CLS building expansion was completed. Mission and Mandate The Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) is an independent corporation created by the Government of Canada to fund research infrastructure. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...

The Linac was refurbished and placed back into service on September 13 2001 while the Booster Ring (BR1) and Storage Ring (SR1) were still under construction. First turn was achieved in the BR1 ring in July 2002 with BR1 fully commissioned by September 2002. First turn in the SR1 ring was achieved on September 2003, with first light in December. In April of 2004 SR1 achieved 100 mA.

In 2002 the CLS Project was awarded the National Award for Exceptional Engineering Achievement by the Canadian Council of Professional Engineers. The Canadian Council of Professional Engineers (CCPE) is the national organization of the 12 provincial and territorial associations that regulate the practice of engineering in Canada. ...

The CLS Project was officially completed June 30, 2005.

Operation

On July 15 2004 CLS received regulatory approval from the CNSC for normal operation. The grand opening occurred in October 2004. On May 19 2005 Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II (Queen of Canada) and His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh visited the CLS. A few days later on May 27 the first experiment by an outside user was conducted. The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) is best described as the nuclear energy and materials watchdog in Canada. ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ... Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada, wearing the Sovereigns insignia of the Order of Canada and the Order of Military Merit The style of the Canadian Sovereign has varied over the years. ... Sleeping Beauty character (actually spelled Phillip), see Sleeping Beauty (1959 film). ...

Phase II Beamlines

On March 8 2004 CLS received partial funding ($18M) from the Canadian Foundation for Innovation for the phase II beamline expansion project.[1] The phase II beamlines include:

• Biomedical Imaging and Therapy (BMIT), $17M;
• Soft X-Ray Beamline for Microcharacterization of Materials, $4M;
• Very Sensitive Elemental and Structural Probe Employing Radiation from a Synchrotron (VESPERS), $4.5M;
• Resonant Elastic and Inelastic Soft X-Ray Scattering, $8.3M; and
• High-Throughput Macromolecular Crystallography, $10.4M.
• Synchrotron Laboratory for Micro and Nano Devices (SyLMAND)

Accelerators

Linac

Originally part of the SAL facility, the linear accelerator was refurbished and modified in 1999-2000 to become the injector for the CLS. Originally intended to operate at 180 Hz, the linac was modified for 1 Hz operation. The linac is followed by an Energy Compression System and then a 70 m transfer line (LTB1) that delivers the beam to the booster ring (BR1). A Linear particle accelerator is an electrical device for the acceleration of subatomic particles. ...

Booster Ring (BR1)

Beam is delivered to the booster at 200-250 MeV where it is accelerated to a final energy of 2.9 GeV. The Booster ring was manufactured by Danfysik with final installation and assembly done at the CLSI. The booster ring uses an RF frequency of 500 MHz. The beam is extracted from the booster and transferred through the BTS line and into the SR1 ring.

Storage Ring (SR1)

The SR1 ring was designed and assembled by CLSI. The storage ring uses a 12-fold periodic layout of cells consisting of dipole, quadrupole and sextupole magnets to create a stable operating region for the beam. For high quality light sources, insertion devices (wigglers or undulators) are placed in the straight sections between the magnets. To accommodate a large number of users at the same time, nine straight sections are available for insertion devices. The synchrotron light from any of the dipole magnets in the lattice is also available to users.

Initially, the stored current will be only 200 mA due to the RF power constraints. Based on the anticipated lifetime of the stored beam, the storage ring will be re-filled at intervals of 4 to 12 hours.

SR1 Beamlines

Executive Director

• Dennis Skopik - Acting Director (May 1999 - Sept. 1999)[2]
• Michael Bancroft - Interim Director (Sept. 1999 - Oct. 2001) [3]
• Mark de Jong - Acting Director (Oct. 2001 - Nov. 2002) [4]
• Bill Thomlinson - Executive Director (Nov. 2002-)

See also

• List of synchrotron radiation facilities
• Plasma Physics Laboratory (Saskatchewan)
• Saskatchewan Accelerator Laboratory
• Innovation Place Research Park
• Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization
• EPICS (Used for Accelerator and Beamline Control Systems)

A list of storage rings and free electron lasers used as synchrotron radiation sources by country. ... The Plasma Physics Laboratory at the University of Saskatchewan was established in 1959 by H. M. Skarsgard, early work centered on research with a Betatron. ... The Saskatchewan Accelerator Laboratory (SAL) was a linear accelerator facility on the University of Saskatchewan campus in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. ... Innovation Place is an initiative of the Province of Saskatchewan to construct and operate two research parks, one located near the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan and the second in near the University of Regina, in Regina, Saskatchewan. ... The Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization is a non-profit organization owned by the University of Saskatchewan and operates with financial support for Governments of Saskatchewan, Alberta and Canada and industry funding. ... The Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) is a software environment used to develop and implement distributed control systems to operate devices such as particle accelerators, telescopes and other large experiments. ...

External links

• Canadian Light Source Website
• CLSS FAQ (CBC)
• Lightsources.org
• Queen of Canada's Day in Saskatoon
• Queen Visits Canadian Light Source (2005)
• University of Saskatchewan Research Communications Videos (includes several about the Canadian Light Source)

Coordinates: 52°08′12.5″N, 106°37′52.5″W Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...