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Canada and the United States of America share the longest common border among any two countries that is not militarized or actively patrolled. The terrestrial boundary (including small portions of maritime boundaries on the Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic coasts as well as the Great Lakes) is 8,891 km long, including 2,477 km shared with Alaska.
History
Officially known as the International Boundary, the present border originated with the Treaty of Paris in 1783, which ended the war between Great Britain and the separating colonies which would form the United States. The Jay Treaty of 1794 created the International Boundary Commission, which was charged with surveying and mapping the boundary. Disputes over the interpretation of boundary demarcation led to the Aroostook War and the ensuing Webster–Ashburton Treaty in 1842 which better defined the boundary between Maine and New Brunswick and the Province of Canada. Westward expansion of both British North America and the United States saw the boundary extended west from the Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains under the Convention of 1818. An 1844 boundary dispute during U.S. President James K. Polk's administration led to a call for the northern boundary of the U.S. to be 54°40′ north (related to the southern boundary of Russia's Alaska Territory), but Great Britain wanted a border that followed the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. The dispute was resolved in Oregon Treaty of 1846, which established the 49th parallel as the boundary through the Rockies. In 1903 a joint Great Britain–Canada–U.S. tribunal established the boundary with Alaska. In 1925 the International Boundary Commission was made a permanent organization responsible for surveying and mapping the boundary, maintaining boundary monuments (and buoys where applicable), as well as keeping the boundary clear of brush and vegetation for 6 metres (20 feet) on each side of the line. Painting by Benjamin West depicting John Jay, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Henry Laurens, and William Temple Franklin. ...
1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
John Jay The Jay Treaty of 1795 (also known as Jays Treaty or the Treaty of London), named after Chief Justice of the United States John Jay, was a treaty between the United States and Great Britain signed on November 19, 1794 that attempted to clear up some of...
1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
The Aroostook War, also called the Pork and Beans War, the Lumberjacks War or the Northeastern Boundary Dispute, was an undeclared, bloodless North American war that occurred in the winter of 1838 and early spring of 1839. ...
The Webster-Ashburton Treaty, signed August 9, 1842, settled the unofficial war over the location of the Maine-New Brunswick border between the United States and Canada, known as the Aroostook War as well as the location of the border in the westward frontier up to the Rocky Mountains. ...
1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
Official language(s) None Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 39th 86,542 km² 305 km 515 km 13. ...
Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope was restored) Official languages English, French Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Lieutenant-Governor Herménégilde Chiasson Premier Bernard Lord (PC) Parliamentary representation - House seat - Senate seats 10 10 Area - Total - % water Ranked 11th 72 908 km² 2. ...
Note: for information about Canadas present-day provinces, see Provinces of Canada. ...
Lake of the Woods from space, May 1998 Lake of the Woods. ...
White Goat Wilderness Area, Alberta, Canada The Rocky Mountains, often called the Rockies, are a broad mountain range in western North America. ...
The Convention of 1818 between the United States and Great Britian, also known as the London Convention, Anglo-American Convention of 1818, or simply the Treaty of 1818, was a treaty signed in 1818 between the United States and the United Kingdom. ...
The Oregon boundary dispute arose as a result of rival British and American claims to the Oregon Country, a region of western North America, in the first half of the 19th century. ...
James Knox Polk (November 2, 1795–June 15, 1849) was the eleventh President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1845 to March 3, 1849. ...
Latitude, sometimes denoted by the Greek letter φ, gives the location of a place on Earth north or south of the Equator. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Juneau Largest city Anchorage Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 1st 663,267 mi² / 1,717,854 km² 808 mi / 1,300 km 1,479 mi / 2,380 km 13. ...
Columbia River Gorge, Washington or North side The Columbia River is a river situated in British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest of the United States. ...
The 1846 Oregon Treaty, formally titled Treaty with Great Britain, in Regard to Limits Westward of the Rocky Mountains, and also known as the Treaty of Washington, established the border between the British and American sections of the Oregon Country. ...
1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
The 49th parallel of north latitude forms part of the International Boundary between Canada and the United States from Manitoba to British Columbia on the Canadian side and from Minnesota to Washington on the U.S. side. ...
1903 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
The Alaska Boundary Dispute was a territorial dispute between the United States of America and Canada (then a British dominion), and at a subnational level between the territory of Alaska on the U.S. side vs. ...
1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...
A sea lion on navigational buoy #14 in San Diego Harbor A buoy is a floating device that can have various purposes, which determine whether the buoy is anchored (stationary) or allowed to drift: The word is derived from the Dutch boei. In North American English it is pronounced as...
metre or meter, see meter (disambiguation) The metre is the basic unit of length in the International System of Units. ...
A foot (plural: feet) is a non-SI unit of distance or length, measuring around a third of a metre. ...
Security Commonly referred to as the world's longest undefended border, the International Boundary is actually defended, but by law enforcement and not military personnel. The relatively low level of security measures stands in stark contrast to that of the United States-Mexico border (1/3 as long as the Canada-U.S. border), which is actively patrolled by U.S. customs and immigration personnel to prevent Mexican citizens and other illegal migrants from illegally entering the United States (see United States-Mexico barrier). The international border between Mexico and the United States runs a total of 3,141 km (1,951 miles) from San Diego, California, and Tijuana, Baja California, in the west to Matamoros, Tamaulipas, and Brownsville, Texas, in the east. ...
The United States–Mexico barrier is actually several separation barriers designed to prevent illegal immigration into the United States from the territory of adjacent Mexico along the U.S.-Mexico border. ...
After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States, border security along the International Boundary was dramatically (and often covertly) improved by both nations in both populated and rural areas. Both nations are also actively involved in detailed and extensive tactical and strategic intelligence sharing. The September 11, 2001 attacks (also referred to as 9/11) were a set of coordinated suicide attacks upon the United States of America carried out on Tuesday, September 11, 2001, in which a total of nineteen Arab hijackers simultaneously took control of four U.S. domestic commercial airliners. ...
American and Canadian citizens owning property adjacent to the border are required to report construction of any physical border crossing on their land to their respective governments, and this is enforced by the International Boundary Commission. Where required, fences or vehicle blockades are used. All persons crossing the border are required to report to the respective customs and immigration agencies in each country. In remote areas where staffed border crossings are not available, there are hidden sensors on roads and also scattered in wooded areas near crossing points and on many trails and railways, but there are not enough border personnel on either side to verify and stop coordinated incursions. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Parts of the International Boundary cross through mountainous terrain or heavily forested areas, but significant portions also cross remote prairie farmland and the Great Lakes and Saint Lawrence River, in addition to the maritime components of the boundary at the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic oceans. The actual number of U.S. and Canadian border security personnel is not known but estimated to be less than 1,000 in total, largely clustered near major crossing points. In comparison, there are in excess of 7,000 U.S. border security personnel on the Mexico-U.S. border alone. The Great Lakes from space The Great Lakes are a group of five large lakes on or near the United States-Canadian border. ...
The Saint Lawrence River (French: fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large west-to-east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ...
The Atlantic Ocean is Earths second-largest ocean, covering approximately one-fifth of its surface. ...
For other meanings of Pacific, see Pacific (disambiguation). ...
The Arctic Ocean, located mostly in the north polar region, is the smallest of the worlds five oceans, and the shallowest. ...
In past years Canadian officials have complained of cigarette and firearms smuggling from the United States while U.S. officials have complained of drug smuggling from Canada. Human smuggling into both countries, but primarily from the U.S. into Canada, has been an ongoing problem for border security and law enforcement personnel, although a minor one in comparison to the Mexico-U.S. border. In July 2005 law enforcement personnel arrested three men who had built a 100-meter tunnel under the border between British Columbia and Washington that they used for smuggling marijuana, the first such tunnel known on this border. A cigarette will burn to ash on one end. ...
An assortment of modern firearms using fixed ammunition, including military assault rifles, a sporting shotgun (fourth from bottom), and a tactical shotgun (third from bottom). ...
The term narcotic, derived from the Greek word for stupor, originally referred to a variety of substances that induced sleep (such state is narcosis). ...
Motto: Splendor Sine Occasu (Latin: Splendour without diminishment) Official languages English Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Lieutenant-Governor Iona Campagnolo Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Parliamentary representation - House seat - Senate seats 36 6 Area - Total - % water Ranked 5th 944,735 km² 2. ...
Official language(s) None Capital Olympia Largest city Seattle Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 18th 184,824 km² 385 km 580 km 6. ...
Species Cannabis indica Cannabis ruderalis Cannabis sativa Cannabis is a genus of flowering plant that includes one or more species. ...
Remaining boundary disputes Main article: List of areas disputed by the United States and Canada Although Canada and The United States share the longest non-militarized border between two countries, there are four areas whose ownership is still disputed. ...
Machias Seal Island is an island located at 44° 30′10″N, 67° 06′10″W. Sovereignty of the island is under dispute with ownership claimed by both Canada and the United States. ...
Official language(s) None Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 39th 86,542 km² 305 km 515 km 13. ...
Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope was restored) Official languages English, French Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Lieutenant-Governor Herménégilde Chiasson Premier Bernard Lord (PC) Parliamentary representation - House seat - Senate seats 10 10 Area - Total - % water Ranked 11th 72 908 km² 2. ...
The Strait of Juan de Fuca separates Vancouver Island from the Olympic Peninsula of Washington state. ...
Official language(s) None Capital Olympia Largest city Seattle Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 18th 184,824 km² 385 km 580 km 6. ...
Motto: Splendor Sine Occasu (Latin: Splendour without diminishment) Official languages English Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Lieutenant-Governor Iona Campagnolo Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Parliamentary representation - House seat - Senate seats 36 6 Area - Total - % water Ranked 5th 944,735 km² 2. ...
The Dixon Entrance is a strait about 80 km (50 miles) long and wide in the Pacific Ocean at the International Boundary between the United States ( Alaska) and Canada. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Juneau Largest city Anchorage Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 1st 663,267 mi² / 1,717,854 km² 808 mi / 1,300 km 1,479 mi / 2,380 km 13. ...
Motto: Splendor Sine Occasu (Latin: Splendour without diminishment) Official languages English Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Lieutenant-Governor Iona Campagnolo Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Parliamentary representation - House seat - Senate seats 36 6 Area - Total - % water Ranked 5th 944,735 km² 2. ...
Approximate area of the Beaufort Sea, and the disputed waters The Beaufort Sea is a large body of water north of The Northwest Territories, the Yukon, and Alaska and west of Canadas arctic islands that is a part of the Arctic Ocean. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Juneau Largest city Anchorage Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 1st 663,267 mi² / 1,717,854 km² 808 mi / 1,300 km 1,479 mi / 2,380 km 13. ...
Motto: none Official languages English Capital Whitehorse Largest city Whitehorse Commissioner Geraldine Van Bibber Premier Dennis Fentie (Yukon Party) Parliamentary representation - House seat - Senate seats 1 1 Area - Total - % water Ranked 9th 482,443 km² 1. ...
Other border crossings (airports, seaports) The U.S. maintains immigration offices, called "pre-clearance facilities," in Canadian airports with international air service to the United States (Calgary, Edmonton, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Winnipeg, Vancouver and beginning in 2006, Halifax). This expedites travel by allowing flights originating in Canada to land at a U.S. airport without being processed as an international arrival. Similar arrangements exist at major Canadian seaports which handle sealed direct import shipments into the United States. Canada also maintains equivalent personnel at selected U.S. airports and seaports. Additionally, at the main train station in Vancouver, passengers using the Amtrak train to Seattle are required to pass through US "pre-clearance facilities" and pass their baggage through an x-ray before being allowed to board the train, which makes no more stops before crossing the border. Template:Hide = Motto: Template:Unhide = Onward City of Calgary, Alberta, Canadas Location. ...
Template:Hide = Motto: Template:Unhide = Industry Integrity Progress City of Edmonton, Alberta, Canadas Location. ...
City motto: Concordia Salus (Latin: Well-being through harmony) Province Quebec Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area - % water 366. ...
Template:Hide = Motto: Template:Unhide = Advance Ottawa/Ottawa en avant City of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Ville dOttawa, Ontario, Canadas Location. ...
Template:Hide = Motto: Template:Unhide = Diversity Our Strength City of Toronto, Ontario, Canadas Location. ...
Motto: Unum Cum Virtute Multorum (One With the Strength of Many) Area: 465. ...
Members of Parliament Libby Davies, Ujjal Dosanjh, David Emerson, Hedy Fry, Stephen Owen Members of the Legislative Assembly Gordon Campbell, David Chudnovsky, Adrian Dix, Colin Hansen, Jenny Kwan, Lorne Mayencourt, Wally Oppal, Gregor Robertson, Shane Simpson, Carole Taylor Mayor Sam Sullivan City Manager Judy Rogers Governing Body Vancouver City Council...
Template:Hide = Motto: Template:Unhide = E Mari Merces (Wealth from the Sea) Logo: City Symbol: Kingfisher Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, Canadas Location. ...
Members of Parliament Libby Davies, Ujjal Dosanjh, David Emerson, Hedy Fry, Stephen Owen Members of the Legislative Assembly Gordon Campbell, David Chudnovsky, Adrian Dix, Colin Hansen, Jenny Kwan, Lorne Mayencourt, Wally Oppal, Gregor Robertson, Shane Simpson, Carole Taylor Mayor Sam Sullivan City Manager Judy Rogers Governing Body Vancouver City Council...
Amtrak, is the brand name of the intercity passenger train system created on May 1, 1971 in the United States. ...
Several ocean-based ferry services operate between the provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia to the state of Maine, as well as between the province of British Columbia and the state of Washington. There are also several ferry services in the Great Lakes operating between the province of Ontario and the states of Michigan, New York, and Ohio. The Pride of Burgundy, a P&O Ferries car ferry on the Dover-Calais route A ferry is a boat or a ship carrying passengers, and sometimes their vehicles, on scheduled services. ...
External links - International Boundary Commission
- Indepth: It's a fine line -- Disputing boundaries CBC News Online, Oct. 11, 2005
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