The Canadian parliament after the 1957 election

The Canadian federal election of 1957 was held June 10, 1957, to elect members of the 23rd Parliament of the Canadian House of Commons. An unexpected victory by the Progressive Conservative Party, led by John Diefenbaker, brought an end to 22 years of Liberal government. File links The following pages link to this file: Canadian federal election, 1957 Minority governments in Canada ... File links The following pages link to this file: Canadian federal election, 1957 Minority governments in Canada ... June 10 is the 161st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (162nd in leap years), with 204 days remaining. ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The 23rd Canadian parliament was in session from 1957 until 1958. ... The House of Commons (French: Chambre des communes) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the Senate. ... The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (PC) (In French: Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada) was a Canadian centre-right conservative political party that existed from 1867 to 2003. ... John George Diefenbaker, CH, PC, QC, BA, MA, LL.B, LL.D, DCL, FRSC, FRSA, D.Litt, DSL, (18 September 1895 – 16 August 1979) was the 13th Prime Minister of Canada (1957 – 1963). ... The Liberal Party of Canada (French: ), colloquially known as the Grits (originally Clear Grits), is a Canadian federal political party positioned at the centre of the political spectrum, combining a progressive social policy with moderate economics. ...

The Liberals had won several consecutive elections on programs of successful fiscal management and moderate and conciliatory policies. By the 1950s, many believed that the party was arrogant and too close to business. Controversial debates, such as the 1956 "Pipeline Debate" over the construction of the Trans-Canada Pipeline, had hurt the government and exposed it to charges of arrogance. In addition, Western Canadians felt alienated from a government that they believed was dominated by Ontario and Quebec interests. Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent, nicknamed 'Uncle Louis', was still popular, but many felt he had lost touch with ordinary Canadians. The Pipeline Debate (May 8 to June 6, 1956) was one of the pivotal moments in the history of the Parliament of Canada. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages English Flower White Trillium Tree Eastern White Pine Bird Common Loon Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 106 24 Area Total... Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Official languages French Flower Blue Flag Iris (Iris versicolor Linné) Tree Yellow Birch Bird Snowy Owl Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Lieutenant-Governor Lise Thibault Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Parliamentary representation  - House seat  - Senate seats 75 24 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of... The Prime Minister of Canada (French: Premier ministre du Canada), is the head of the Government of Canada. ... Louis Stephen St. ...

In 1956, the PC party had elected the fiery and charismatic Diefenbaker as their leader. Many people disliked him and felt that he did not have enough experience to be a strong challenger to the Liberals. Because they believed that there was little hope of defeating the Liberals in the next election, many Tories supported Diefenbaker as a caretaker leader.

The PC campaign was based on Canadian nationalism and the need for a change. The "Tories" also embraced their Red Tory side, pledging to out-spend the Liberals on social programs. The Liberals were attacked as free marketers who would leave the Canadian population without an adequate safety net. One of the most ambitious elements of the Tory program was the "New Frontier Policy" of infrastructure development that would lead to the populating of the north. The Red Tory Tradition: Ancient Roots-New Routes, by Ron Dart Red Tory is a term given to a political philosophy, tradition, and disposition in Canada. ... A free market is an idealized market, where all economic decisions and actions by individuals regarding transfer of money, goods, and services are voluntary, and are therefore devoid of coercion and theft (some definitions of coercion are inclusive of theft). Colloquially and loosely, a free market economy is an economy...

The Liberal campaign was far less ambitious, supporting a stay-the-course message with moderate reforms and a continuation of competent administration. The economy was booming and the Liberals felt this was enough to win a re-election. The Liberals also had ammunition to use against Diefenbaker: he was a member of the Orange Order and had a history of making anti-Catholic statements. Orangemen in traditional dress preparing to march. ...

However, the Tories' greatest asset soon turned out to be Diefenbaker. The great-grandson of a German immigrant, his ethnic background attracted a new group of supporters to the traditionally Anglo-Saxon Tory party. He was also able to use his charisma to great success. This was the first Canadian election to be televised, and while only a minority of Canadians owned a television, most got some opportunity to see the candidates they were voting for. Diefenbaker was viewed as honest and dedicated, while the 75 year old St. Laurent was felt to be distant and humourless. Immigration to Canada is the process by which people migrate to Canada and become nationals of the country. ... The Anglo-Saxons refers collectively to the groups of Germanic tribes who achieved dominance in southern Britain from the mid-5th century, forming the basis for the modern English nation. ...

The worst moment for the Liberals, however, would be a rally at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto. While St. Laurent spoke on the stage, a 15 year old protester jumped on stage and tore up a poster. When security came to bring the boy off stage, he fell down a set of stairs and hit his head on the concrete floor, knocking him unconscious. While the boy turned out to be fine after being revived, the optics of having an opponent being hurt at the rally stung the Liberals. Diefenbaker would use this example in speeches, echoing the Pipeline Debate and perceived Liberal arrogance against opponents. Maple Leaf Gardens, 2006 Exterior signage as of 2006, with letters missing Maple Leaf Gardens is an indoor arena in Toronto, Ontario, on the northwest corner of Carlton Street and Church Street. ...

Social Credit campaigned on a platform of lowering personal income taxes by raising the basic amount of income exempt from tax by 50 percent to compensate for inflation; providing an old age pension of $60 per month for all pensioners, plus $40 a month extra for those in need; a national medicare plan for those provinces than want it; "parity prices" for farmers, and a program to sell surplus agricultural products to developing nations by accepting their own currencies instead of requiring payment in Canadian or US dollars; low-interest, long-term loans to encourage house construction; an income tax deduction for mortgage interest; and an end to the Bank of Canada's "tight money" policy. Social Credit won four additional seats, and increased its share of the popular vote by a small amount. The Social Credit Party of Canada was a conservative - populist political party in Canada that promoted social credit theories of monetary reform. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Bank of Canada Building in Ottawa The Bank of Canada is Canadas central bank. ...

The campaign was also the first in Canada to use modern political advertising techniques. PC strategists such as Dalton Camp and Allister Grosart ran a more tightly-planned campaign than any in Canadian history. An important strategy was almost completely ignoring the province of Quebec -- the PC strategists felt they had little chance there. They also believed they could win without the province. The Honourable Dalton Kingsley Camp, PC, OC, M.Sc, LL.D (September 11, 1920 – March 18, 2002) was a Canadian journalist, politician, political strategist and commentator and supporter of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. ... Allister Grosart The Honourable Allister Grosart (December 13, 1906 – February 8, 1984) was a Progressive Conservative politician, Senator, journalist and businessman in Canada. ...

In an era before widespread polling, the results of the election came as a surprise to most Canadians, including most politicians. The Liberals won the popular vote, but lost the election as they piled up massive majorities in Quebec. In the West, Ontario, and the Maritimes, the Tories gained enough seats to form a minority government. Noted Liberal ministers like C.D. Howe, the "Minister of Everything", lost their seats. The Maritime provinces. ... A minority government or a minority cabinet is a cabinet of a parliamentary system formed when no political party has won a majority of seats in the parliament, typically by the party that does have a plurality. ... The Right Honourable Clarence Decatur C.D. Howe, PC (January 15, 1886 - December 31, 1960) was a leading Canadian politician. ...

Many Canadians were overjoyed to see change, and spontaneous celebrations occurred in many parts of the country. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation anchor covering the election famously lit a cigar in satisfaction with the results. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), a Canadian crown corporation, is the country’s national public radio and television broadcaster. ...

Effects

The Liberal defeat caused many high profile Liberals to resign and be replaced by younger members. St. Laurent resigned and was replaced by Lester B. Pearson. The Tory minority government lasted for less than a year before Diefenbaker called another election in which he won the largest majority in Canadian history, including winning many seats in Quebec. Lester Bowles Mike Pearson, PC, CC, OM, OBE, MA, LL.D. (April 23, 1897 – December 27, 1972) was a Canadian statesman, diplomat and politician who was made a Nobel Laureate in 1957. ...

National results

Turn-out: 74.1% of eligible voters voted.

Notes: National results Notes: (1) The Liberal-Labour MP sat with the Liberal caucus. ... The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (PC) (In French: Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada) was a Canadian centre-right conservative political party that existed from 1867 to 2003. ... John George Diefenbaker, CH, PC, QC, BA, MA, LL.B, LL.D, DCL, FRSC, FRSA, D.Litt, DSL, (18 September 1895 – 16 August 1979) was the 13th Prime Minister of Canada (1957 – 1963). ... The Liberal Party of Canada (French: ), colloquially known as the Grits (originally Clear Grits), is a Canadian federal political party positioned at the centre of the political spectrum, combining a progressive social policy with moderate economics. ... Louis Stephen St. ... The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) was a Canadian political party founded in 1932 in Calgary, Alberta, by a number of socialist, farm, co-operative and labour groups, and the League for Social Reconstruction. ... Hon. ... The Social Credit Party of Canada was a conservative - populist political party in Canada that promoted social credit theories of monetary reform. ... Categories: People stubs | 1900 births | 1962 deaths | Social Credit Party of Canada Leaders ... The Liberal-Labour banner has also been used several times by candidates in Canadian elections: Malcolm Lang, who was elected as a Labour Party of Canada Member of Parliament in the 1926 federal election, was re-elected as Liberal-Labour in the north-eastern Ontario riding of Timiskaming South in... Historically in Quebec, Canada, there was a number of political parties that were part of the Canadian social credit movement. ... David Réal Caouette (September 26, 1917 - December 16, 1976) was a Canadian politician from Quebec. ... The Labour-Progressive Party was a Communist party in Canada. ... Timothy (Tim) Buck (January 6, 1891-March 11, 1973) was a long-time leader of the Communist Party of Canada (known from the 1940s until the late 1950s as the Labour Progressive Party). ... Gerry Goeujon, a law student, ran as a Canadian Democrat candidate in the 1957 Canadian election in the riding of New Westminster in British Columbia, Canada. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Henri-Georges Grenier was a perennial candidate who ran unsuccessfully in thirteen federal elections and by-elections between 1945 and 1980 in Quebec, Canada. ... Henri-Georges Grenier was a perennial candidate who ran unsuccessfully in thirteen federal elections and by-elections between 1945 and 1980 in Quebec, Canada. ... John Bernard Ball ran as a National Credit Control candidate in the federal 1957 Canadian election in the riding of Regina City in Saskatchewan, Canada. ...

¹ The Liberal-Labour MP sat with the Liberal caucus.

* - not applicable - the party was not recognized in the previous election

x - less than 0.005% of the popular vote

Results by province

xx - less than 0.05% of the popular vote Motto: Splendor Sine Occasu (Latin: Splendour without diminishment) Official languages English de facto (none stated in law) Flower Pacific dogwood Tree Western Redcedar Bird Stellers Jay Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Lieutenant-Governor Iona Campagnolo Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 36 6 Area... Motto: Fortis et liber (Latin: Strong and free) Official languages English (see below) Flower   Wild rose Tree Lodgepole Pine Bird Great Horned Owl Capital Edmonton Largest city Calgary Lieutenant-Governor Norman Kwong Premier Ralph Klein; Ed Stelmach (Designate) (PC) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 28 6 Area Total  - Land... Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (Latin: From many peoples, strength) Official languages English Flower Western Red Lily Tree Paper Birch Bird Sharp-tailed Grouse Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Lieutenant-Governor Gordon Barnhart Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 14 6 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Official languages English and French, per mandate of the Constitution Act 1982 Flower Prairie Crocus Tree White Spruce Bird Great Grey Owl Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 14... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages English Flower White Trillium Tree Eastern White Pine Bird Common Loon Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 106 24 Area Total... Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Official languages French Flower Blue Flag Iris (Iris versicolor Linné) Tree Yellow Birch Bird Snowy Owl Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Lieutenant-Governor Lise Thibault Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Parliamentary representation  - House seat  - Senate seats 75 24 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of... Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope restored) Official languages English, French Flower Purple Violet Tree Balsam Fir Bird Black-capped Chickadee Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Lieutenant-Governor Herménégilde Chiasson Premier Shawn Graham (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 10 10 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total)  Ranked... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit (Latin: One defends and the other conquers) Official languages none (English, French, Gaelic) Flower Trailing arbutus Tree Red Spruce Bird Osprey Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 11 10 Area... Motto: Parva Sub Ingenti The Small Protected By The Great) Official languages English Flower Ladys Slipper Tree Red Oak Bird Blue Jay Capital Charlottetown Largest city Charlottetown Lieutenant-Governor Barbara Oliver Hagerman Premier Pat Binns (PC) Parliamentary representation  - House seat  - Senate seats 4 4 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of... Motto: Quaerite Prime Regnum Dei (Latin: Seek ye first the kingdom of God) Official languages English Flower Pitcher Plant Tree Black Spruce Bird Atlantic Puffin Capital St. ... Motto: none Official languages Chipewyan, Cree, English, French, Gwich’in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey, Tåîchô [1] Flower Mountain avens Tree Tamarack Bird Gyr Falcon Capital Yellowknife Largest city Yellowknife Commissioner Tony Whitford Premier Joe Handley (Consensus government (no party affiliations)) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats... Motto: none Official languages English, French Flower Fireweed Tree Subalpine Fir Bird Common Raven Capital Whitehorse Largest city Whitehorse Commissioner Geraldine Van Bibber Premier Dennis Fentie (Yukon Party) Parliamentary representation  - House seat  - Senate seats 1 1 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total)  Ranked 9th 482,443 km² 474,391 km... The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (PC) (In French: Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada) was a Canadian centre-right conservative political party that existed from 1867 to 2003. ... The Liberal Party of Canada (French: ), colloquially known as the Grits (originally Clear Grits), is a Canadian federal political party positioned at the centre of the political spectrum, combining a progressive social policy with moderate economics. ... The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) was a Canadian political party founded in 1932 in Calgary, Alberta, by a number of socialist, farm, co-operative and labour groups, and the League for Social Reconstruction. ... The Social Credit Party of Canada was a conservative - populist political party in Canada that promoted social credit theories of monetary reform. ... The Liberal-Labour banner has also been used several times by candidates in Canadian elections: Malcolm Lang, who was elected as a Labour Party of Canada Member of Parliament in the 1926 federal election, was re-elected as Liberal-Labour in the north-eastern Ontario riding of Timiskaming South in... Historically in Quebec, Canada, there was a number of political parties that were part of the Canadian social credit movement. ... The Labour-Progressive Party was a Communist party in Canada. ... Gerry Goeujon, a law student, ran as a Canadian Democrat candidate in the 1957 Canadian election in the riding of New Westminster in British Columbia, Canada. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Henri-Georges Grenier was a perennial candidate who ran unsuccessfully in thirteen federal elections and by-elections between 1945 and 1980 in Quebec, Canada. ... John Bernard Ball ran as a National Credit Control candidate in the federal 1957 Canadian election in the riding of Regina City in Saskatchewan, Canada. ...

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The Canadian federal election of 1949 was the first election in Canada in almost thirty years in which the Liberals were not led by William Lyon Mackenzie King. ... National results Notes: (1) The Liberal-Labour MP sat with the Liberal caucus. ... The 24th general election was held just nine months after the 23rd and transformed Prime Minister John Diefenbakers minority into the largest ever majority government in Canadian history. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1962 election The Canadian federal election of 1962 was held on June 18, 1962 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The Canadian federal election of 1963 resulted in the defeat of the minority Progressive Conservative government of John George Diefenbaker. ... In the Canadian federal election of 1965, the Liberal Party of Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson was re-elected with a larger number of seats in the Canadian House of Commons. ... In the Canadian federal election of June 25, 1968, the Liberal Party won a majority government under its new leader, Pierre Trudeau. ... The House of Commons after the 1972 election The Canadian federal election of 1972 was held on October 30, 1972 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The House of Commons after the 1974 election The Canadian federal election of 1974 was held on July 8, 1974 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The House of Commons after the 1979 election The Canadian federal election of 1979 was held on May 22, 1979 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The House of Commons after the 1980 election The 1980 Canadian federal election was called when the minority Progressive Conservative government led by Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. ... The Canadian federal election of 1984 was called on July 4, 1984, and held on September 4 of that year. ... Map of the Popular Vote with bar graphs showing seat totals in the provinces and territories The Canadian Parliament after the 1988 election The Canadian federal election of 1988 was held November 21, 1988, to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... Popular vote map with bar graphs showing seat totals in the provinces and territories. ... 36th Parliament The Canadian federal election of 1997 was held on June 2, 1997, to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The 2000 Canadian federal election was held on November 27, 2000, to elect 301 Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of Canada. ... The Canadian federal election, 2004 (more formally, the 38th general election), was held on June 28, 2004 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... Rendition of party representation in the 39th Canadian parliament decided by this election. ... Conservative leader Stephen Harper. ... For detailed results for an election, including results for each province, see: Canadian Federal Election, 1867 Canadian Federal Election, 1872 Canadian Federal Election, 1874 Canadian Federal Election, 1878 Number of seats won Notes: (+) The Liberal-Conservatives sat with the Conservatives in parliament. ... 5th General Election - 1882 1882 Conservatives (139), Liberals (69), Independent Liberal (1), Independent Conservative (1) see also: By-elections of the 5th Canadian Parliament 6th General Election - 1887 1887: Conservatives (126), Liberals (84), Independent(2), Independent Conservative (2), Nationalist (1) see also: By-elections of the 6th Canadian Parliament 7th... For detailed results for an election, including results for each province and terrritory, see: 9th General Election, 1900 10th General Election, 1904 11th General Election, 1908 12th General Election, 1911 13th General Election, 1917 Number of seats won Note: + In the 1917 election, the Conservative Party, along with many Liberals... For detailed results for an election, including results for each province and territory, see: 14th General Election, 1921 15th General Election, 1925 16th General Election, 1926 17th General Election, 1930 18th General Election, 1935 Number of seats won Popular vote Note: x - indicates less than 0. ... For detailed results for an election, including results for each province, see: 19th General Election, 1940 20th General Election, 1945 21st General Election, 1949 22nd General Election, 1953 23rd General Election, 1957 24th General Election, 1958 Number of seats won Notes: (+) In 1940, the Conservative Party ran under the name... For detailed results for an election, including results in each province and territory, see: 25th General Election, 1962 26th General Election, 1963 27th General Election, 1965 28th General Election, 1968 29th General Election, 1972 30th General Election, 1974 31st General Election, 1979 Number of seats won Percentage of popular vote... For detailed results for an election, including results for each province and territory, see: 32nd General Election, 1980 33rd General Election, 1984 34th General Election, 1988 35th General Election, 1993 36th General Election, 1997 Number of seats won Popular Vote Preceding elections Canadian federal election results (1960_1979) Following elections Canadian... For detailed results for an election, including results for each province and territory, see: Canadian federal election, 2000 - 37th general election Canadian federal election, 2004 - 38th general election Canadian federal election, 2006 to be held on January 23, 2006 Number of seats won Popular vote Note: 1 Prior to the...
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