Due to budget constraints there were many canceled Apollo missions during Project Apollo. Along with Apollos 18, 19 and 20, which received some level of planning, there were a variety of later planned flights. Some of these were incorporated into the Apollo Applications Program, of which the only result was the Skylab space station. Project Apollo was a series of human spaceflight missions undertaken by the United States of America (NASA) using the Apollo spacecraft and Saturn launch vehicle, conducted during the years 1961–1975. ... The Apollo Applications Program (AAP) was established by NASA headquarters in 1968 to develop science based manned space missions using surplus material from the Apollo Lunar Landing Program. ... Drawing of Skylab with components labelled Skylab was the first space station the United States launched into orbit. ...

Mission types

In September 1967, the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, Texas, proposed a series of missions that would lead up to a manned lunar landing. Seven mission types were outlined, each testing a specific set of components and tasks; each previous step needed to be completed successfully before the next mission type could be undertaken. These were: 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... An aerial view of the complete Johnson Space Center facility in Houston, Texas in 1989. ... Nickname: Space City Location in the state of Texas Coordinates: Counties Harris County Fort Bend County Montgomery County Mayor Bill White Area    - City 1,558 km²  (601. ...

• A - Unmanned Command/Service Module (CSM) test
  
• B - Unmanned Lunar Module (LM) test
  
• C - Manned CSM in low Earth orbit
  
• D - Manned CSM and LM in low Earth orbit
  
• E - Manned CSM and LM in an elliptical Earth orbit with an apogee of 4600 mi (7400 km)
  
• F - Manned CSM and LM in lunar orbit
  
• G - Manned lunar landing

Later added to this were H missions, which were short duration stays on the Moon with two LEVAs ("moonwalks"). These were followed by the J missions, which were longer 3 day stays, with 3 LEVAs and the use of the lunar rover. Apollo 18 to 20 would have been J missions. The Command/Service Module (CSM) was a spacecraft built for NASA by North American Aviation. ... ¹ ² ³ ™ bob loves cheeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee: The LEM flight instrumentation panel and front windows. ... A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit in which objects such as satellites are below intermediate circular orbit (ICO) and far below geostationary orbit, but typically around 350 - 1400 km above the Earths surface. ... The ellipse and some of its mathematical properties. ... Astronaut Bruce McCandless on an untethered EVA Extra-vehicular activity (EVA) is work done by an astronaut away from the Earth and outside of his or her spacecraft. ... Lunar Rover-Manned land vehicle (NASA) The Lunar Roving Vehicle or Lunar rover or LRV is a land vehicle for use on the Moon. ...

In addition, a further group of flights — the I missions — were planned for. Lunar Orbital Survey Missions were conceived that would have seen a long duration orbital mission of the Moon using a Service Module bay loaded with scientific equipment. When it became obvious that later flights were being canceled, such mission plans were brought into the J missions that were actually flown.

Early Apollo missions

The prime crew for the second planned Apollo manned flight prepares for mission simulator tests at the North American Aviation plant. Left to right: Donn F. Eisele, Senior Pilot, Walter M. Schirra, Command Pilot, and Walter Cunningham, Pilot. (September 1966).

In 1962 it was planned to fly four manned Saturn I flights in 1965. These flights would be designated SA-11 through SA-14 and would be orbital flights. However by late 1963 a change in NASA testing to "all-up" led to the missions being canceled. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2712x2034, 493 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Cancelled Apollo missions ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2712x2034, 493 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Cancelled Apollo missions ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar). ... The Saturn I was Americas first large clustered rocket. ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ...

Other missions received much more planning. It was originally planned that Apollo 1 would be followed by another Earth orbital flight of the Block I Command/Service Module (the Block I version was only designed for Earth orbit and not lunar flights). However it was decided that the flight was unnecessary and officially canceled on December 22, 1966. The crew of Walter Cunningham, Donn Eisele and Wally Schirra became the backup crew for Apollo 1 and eventually the crew for Apollo 7. Apollo One is the official name given retroactively to the Apollo/Saturn 204 (AS-204) spacecraft, destroyed by fire during a training exercise on January 27, 1967, at Pad 34 (Launch Complex 34 at Cape Canaveral) atop a Saturn IB rocket. ... December 22 is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... Walter Cunningham (born March 16, 1932 in Creston, Iowa) was an American astronaut. ... Donn F. Eisele June 23, 1930-December 2, 1987 was born in Columbus, Ohio and served as a Colonel in the USAF, as well as an astronaut with NASA. EDUCATION: Graduated from West High School, Columbus, Ohio; received a Bachelor of Science degree from the United States Naval Academy in... Walter M. “Wally” Schirra Walter Marty Schirra, Jr. ... Apollo One is the official name given retroactively to the Apollo/Saturn 204 (AS-204) spacecraft, destroyed by fire during a training exercise on January 27, 1967, at Pad 34 (Launch Complex 34 at Cape Canaveral) atop a Saturn IB rocket. ... Apollo 7 was the first manned mission in the Apollo program to be launched. ...

Also planned was the original D mission. Instead of using a Saturn V to launch the CSM and LM in one launch, this mission would have used two Saturn IBs to launch the components separately. It would have used the first block II CSM, CSM-101, and Lunar Module LM-2. CSM-101 was used by Apollo 7 and LM-2 went unused (Apollo 9 used LM-3) and currently is on display at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. The D mission crew would end up flying on Apollo 9. This article is about the rocket. ... The Saturn IB was an uprated version of the Saturn I, which was the first manned launch vehicle that was not directly derived from an ICBM (though its tanks were derived from the Jupiter and Redstone tanks, and its first stage engines were Navaho derived). ... Apollo 7 was the first manned mission in the Apollo program to be launched. ... Apollo 9 was the third manned mission in the Apollo program, a ten day earth-orbital mission launched 3 March 1969. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Of all the components of the Apollo system, the LM, which would eventually be used to land on the Moon, had the most issues. It was behind schedule and when the first model was shipped to Cape Canaveral in June 1968, over 101 separate defects were discovered. Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, which was the lead contractor for the LM predicted that the first mannable LM, to be used for the D mission, would not be ready until at least February 1969, delaying the entire sequence. Cape Canaveral from space, August 1991 Cape Canaveral (Cabo Cañaveral in Spanish) is a strip of land in Brevard County, Florida, United States, near the center of that states Atlantic coast. ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ... The Grumman logo The Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, later Grumman Aerospace Corporation, was a leading producer of military and civilian aircraft of the 20th century. ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ...

George Low, the Manager of the Apollo Spacecraft Program Office, proposed a solution in August. Since the CSM would be ready three months before the Lunar Module, they could fly a CSM-only mission in December 1968. But instead of just repeating the flight of Apollo 7, the C mission that would fly the CSM in Earth orbit, they could send the CSM all the way to the Moon and maybe even enter into orbit. This mission was dubbed the "C-Prime" mission. This new mission would allow NASA to test procedures that would be used on the manned lunar landings that would otherwise have to wait until Apollo 10, the F mission. There were also concerns from the CIA that the Soviets were planning their own circumlunar flight for December to upstage the Americans once again (see Zond program). This change of plans for Apollo 8 meant the cancellation of the E mission. The switch of missions was also decisive in who would be the first man to walk on the moon. Pete Conrad was back up Commander for the Block D mission that became Apollo 9 and by the process of crew rotation would have been in line for prime crew Commander of Apollo 11. G. David Low, NASA Astronaut PERSONAL DATA: Born February 19, 1956, in Cleveland, Ohio. ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ... NASA Insignia Listen to this article · (info) This audio file was created from an article revision dated 2005-09-01, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ... Apollo 10 was the fourth manned mission in the Apollo program, and the first (and only manned Saturn V) mission to launch from pad 39B. The mission included the second crew to orbit the Moon, and the test of the lunar module in lunar orbit. ... The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ... Soviet redirects here. ... The name Zond (meaning probe in Russian) is the name given to two series of Soviet unmanned space missions from 1964 to 1970 to gather information about nearby planets and test spacecraft. ... Apollo 8 was the second manned mission of the Apollo space program, in which Commander Frank Borman, Command Module Pilot James Lovell and Lunar Module Pilot William Anders became the first humans to orbit around the Moon. ... Charles Pete Conrad, Jr. ... Apollo 9 was the third manned mission in the Apollo program, a ten day earth-orbital mission launched 3 March 1969. ... Apollo 11 was the first manned mission to land on the Moon. ...

Apollos 18–20

Originally, NASA produced fifteen flight-worthy Saturn Vs; inclusive of two unmanned tests, this was enough to provide thirteen manned missions; these would have been the missions that took place plus Apollo 18 through Apollo 20.

Cancellation

The first mission to be canceled was Apollo 20. On January 4, 1970 NASA announced it was canceling the Apollo 20 as its Saturn V rocket was now needed for the Skylab space station and budget restrictions had limited the Saturn V production to the original 15 flight models. January 4 is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... This article is about the rocket. ... Drawing of Skylab with components labelled Skylab was the first space station the United States launched into orbit. ... This article is about the rocket. ...

Then on September 2, 1970, NASA announced it was canceling what were to be the Apollo 15 and Apollo 19 missions. Apollo 15 was originally meant to be an H mission — like Apollo 12, 13 and 14. These cancellations meant that Apollo 15 became a J mission — three day stay on the moon with the lunar rover and that Apollo 18 would no longer be launched. September 2 is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... Apollo 12 was the sixth manned mission in the Apollo program and the second to land on the Moon. ... Apollo 13 was the third American-manned lunar-landing mission, part of the Apollo program. ... Apollo 14 was the eighth manned mission in the Apollo program and the third mission to land on the Moon. ...

Crews

Deke Slayton was the Director of Flight Crew Operations and effectively chose the crews for the flights. During the early Apollo missions he had used a rotation system of assigning a crew as backup and then three missions later they would be the prime crew. However, by the later Apollo flights, this system was used less frequently as astronauts left the program, Slayton wanted to give rookies a chance, and astronauts didn't want to take dead-end backup positions. Deke Slayton prepares for a pre-mission test leading up to his Apollo-Soyuz flight Donald Kent Deke Slayton (March 1, 1924–June 13, 1993) was an American astronaut. ...

In the case of Apollo 18 the crew was probably the Apollo 15 backup crew:

• Richard F. Gordon, Jr. (Commander (CDR)
• Vance D. Brand (Command Module Pilot (CMP)
• Harrison Schmitt (Lunar Module Pilot (LMP)

When Apollo 18 was effectively canceled, Schmitt was moved up to Apollo 17, replacing Joe Engle, under pressure from the scientific community. Schmitt, a geologist, became the only professional scientist and the twelfth man to walk on the Moon. Richard F. Gordon, Jr. ... Vance DeVoe Brand (born May 9, 1931) is a former NASA astronaut. ... Dr. Harrison Hagan Jack Schmitt (born July 3, 1935) is a geologist, astronaut and former U.S. senator. ... Apollo 17 was the eleventh manned space mission in the NASA Apollo program and was the sixth and last manned mission to date to land on the Moon. ... Joseph Joe Henry Engle (born August 26, 1932 in Dickinson County, Kansas) is a former NASA astronaut and a retired U.S. Air Force colonel. ...

As for the later flights, the crews are mostly based on speculation. The most accepted guesses for Apollo 19 are:

• Fred Haise (CDR)
• William R. Pogue (CMP)
• Gerald P. Carr (LMP)

For Apollo 20 there is even more uncertainty. Based on normal crew rotation, the crew would have been: Fred Wallace Haise, Jr. ... William R. Pogue William Reid Pogue (born January 23, 1930) was an American astronaut. ... Gerald Paul Carr Gerald P. Carr is a retired United States Marine Corps Colonel and former NASA astronaut. ...

• Pete Conrad (CDR)
• Paul J. Weitz (CMP)
• Jack R. Lousma (LMP)

This crew however had been transferred to the Skylab program and Conrad had already walked on the Moon. So it is thought that the Apollo 20 crew would have been: Charles Pete Conrad, Jr. ... Astronaut Paul J. Weitz Paul J. Weitz (pronounced WHITES) (born July 25, 1932) was an American astronaut who flew in space twice. ... The Skylab 3 crew: (left to right) Owen Garriott, Jack Lousma, and Alan Bean Jack Robert Lousma (born February 29, 1936) is a former NASA Astronaut. ... Drawing of Skylab with components labelled Skylab was the first space station the United States launched into orbit. ... Adjective lunar Bulk silicate composition (estimated wt%) SiO2 44. ...

• Stuart Roosa (CDR)
• Jack R. Lousma (CMP)
• Don L. Lind (LMP)

Stuart Roosa (left) poses with Alan Shepard (middle) and Edgar Mitchell (right) Stuart Allen Roosa (August 16, 1933 - December 12, 1994) was a NASA astronaut, who was the command module pilot for the Apollo 14 mission. ... The Skylab 3 crew: (left to right) Owen Garriott, Jack Lousma, and Alan Bean Jack Robert Lousma (born February 29, 1936) is a former NASA Astronaut. ... Official astronaut portrait of Don Lind Don Leslie Lind is a former NASA astronaut who was born in Midvale, Utah on May 18, 1930. ...

Surplus hardware

LM-2 on display at the National Air and Space Museum

Two Saturn Vs went unused after the Apollo program, SA-514 and -515 and the third stage of the SA-513 was also unused. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1512x2016, 528 KB) The Apollo Lunar Module is LM-2 and built for an unmanned test flight in Earth orbit, but was never used. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1512x2016, 528 KB) The Apollo Lunar Module is LM-2 and built for an unmanned test flight in Earth orbit, but was never used. ...

• At the Johnson Space Center the Saturn V display is made up of the first stage of SA-514, the second stage from SA-515 and the third stage from SA-513.
• At the Kennedy Space Center the Saturn V display is made up of S-IC-T (test stage) and the second and third stages from SA-514.
• The first stage from SA-515 resides at the Michoud Assembly Facility, New Orleans, Louisiana and the third stage was converted for use as backup Skylab and is now on display at the National Air and Space Museum.

Likewise the flights Apollo Command/Service Modules (CSM) and Apollo Lunar Modules (LM) went either unused or were used for other missions: An aerial view of the complete Johnson Space Center facility in Houston, Texas in 1989. ... Merritt Island and Kennedy Space Center The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is the NASA space vehicle launch facility (spaceport) at Cape Canaveral on Merritt Island in Florida, United States. ... Michoud Assembly Facility in 1968 The Michoud Assembly Facility is an 832 acre (3. ... Nickname: The Crescent City, The Big Easy, The City That Care Forgot, NOLA (acronym for New Orleans, LA) Location in the State of Louisiana and the United States Coordinates: Country United States State Louisiana Parish Orleans Founded 1718 Mayor Ray Nagin (D) Area    - City 350. ... Drawing of Skylab with components labelled Skylab was the first space station the United States launched into orbit. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Command/Service Module (CSM) was a spacecraft built for NASA by North American Aviation. ... ¹ ² ³ â„¢ bob loves cheeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee: The LEM flight instrumentation panel and front windows. ...

• After Apollo 15's original H mission was canceled, there was a surplus H mission Lunar Module. LM-9 is on display at the Kennedy Space Center (Apollo/Saturn V Center)
• Apollo 18's CSM and LM were used by Apollo 17.
• Apollo 19's CSM is displayed on the Saturn V located at the Johnson Space Center. Its LM was only partially completed by Grumman and is now on display at the Cradle of Aviation Museum on Long Island.
• Apollo 20's CSM was never completed and was scrapped. The LM was also scrapped before completion, though there are some unconfirmed reports that some parts (in addition to parts from the LM test vehicle LTA-3) are included in LM on display at the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Apollo 17 was the eleventh manned space mission in the NASA Apollo program and was the sixth and last manned mission to date to land on the Moon. ... The Grumman logo The Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, later Grumman Aerospace Corporation, was a leading producer of military and civilian aircraft of the 20th century. ... An aviation museum located in Long Island, NY. Contains full scale models of airplances from various time periods. ... Mercator projection of Long Island Long Island is an island in New York, USA. It has an area of 1,377 square miles (3567 km²) and a population of 7. ... The Franklin Institute is the memorial to Benjamin Franklin, that serves to perpetuate his legacy; the museum contains many of Franklins personal effects. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ...

Landing sites

Being effectively canceled at least two years before they would have launched, little detailed planning had happened for the missions. A variety of landing sites were given for each flight.

According to "NASA OMSF, Manned Space Flight Weekly Report" from July 28, 1969, Apollo 18 would have landed at Schroter's Valley in February 1972. Other NASA sources list the landing site as Copernicus or Gassendi craters, with a launch date in July 1973. The same report gives Apollo 19 as landing in the Hyginus rille region in July 1972. Other NASA sources list the landing site as Hadley rille in September 1972 (the eventual landing site of Apollo 15). Following the failure of Apollo 13 the landing sites for the remaining moon landings were changed accounting for these discrepancies. Apollo 20 had the most uncertainty. Among sites suggested are Copernicus in December 1972. Other NASA sources list the landing site as Tycho. July 28 is the 209th day (210th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 156 days remaining. ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... Vallis Schröteri is a sinuous valley on the surface of the Moon. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Copernicus is a prominent lunar impact crater located on the eastern Oceanus Procellarum. ... Gassendi is a large lunar crater feature located at the northern edge of Mare Humorum. ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... Hyginus is a small lunar crater located at the east end of the Sinus Medii. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Jim Irwin and the LRV from Apollo 15, with Mons Hadley in the background Mons Hadley is a massif is the northern portion of the Montes Apenninus, a range in the north hemisphere of the Moon. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Apollo 15 was the ninth manned mission in the Apollo program and the fourth mission to land on the Moon. ... Apollo 13 was the third American-manned lunar-landing mission, part of the Apollo program. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Tycho is a prominent lunar impact crater located in the southern lunar highlands. ...

Apollo 21

A number of sources refer to an Apollo 21 lunar-landing mission, cancelled around 1969.^[1] While this seems unlikely, as there would not have been a Saturn V to launch the flight, the discrepancy is likely due to Apollo 8. 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ...

Apollo 8 was originally slated to be a D mission, flying the LM and CSM in Earth orbit. However, the LM was delayed by engineering problems, and the mission would not be able to fly as planned. As such, NASA changed the mission plan to be a "C-prime" mission — it would only consist of the manned CSM, but it would go all the way to the Moon. This would, of course, require the use of a Saturn V, leaving twelve more for later missions.

Initially, however, the plan had been for the D mission to consist of two separate flights, with one Saturn IB carrying the CSM and, a few days later, another launching with the LM. Had this been carried out, there would have been thirteen Saturn Vs left after Apollo 8 - in other words, enough to go to a hypothetical Apollo 21.

It is likely that references to Apollo 21 originate in this short period between the flight of Apollo 7, and the announcement of the change of mission of Apollo 8. The knowledge that the C mission was numbered 7 allowed the calculation that there would be a D mission, and then thirteen missions requiring Saturn Vs, to a final Apollo 21. After Apollo 8, however, it became clear that all future Apollo missions would be on Saturn Vs — and the boosters would end at number 20. At the time, no specific plans for the late Apollo missions, besides rough dates, existed. Apollo 7 was the first manned mission in the Apollo program to be launched. ... Apollo 8 was the second manned mission of the Apollo space program, in which Commander Frank Borman, Command Module Pilot James Lovell and Lunar Module Pilot William Anders became the first humans to orbit around the Moon. ...

Using the internal NASA numbering conventions of the time, the "Apollo 21" discussed in 1968 would have been AS-515. This was the numbering used for the canceled Apollo 20 mission; in other words, Apollo 21 was simply an early name for the mission that later became planned as Apollo 20.

Skylab

Main article: Skylab Rescue

Vance Brand and Don Lind, the crew for the unflown Skylab Rescue mission.

During Skylab 3, a malfunction on the Apollo CSM docked to the station caused fears that the crew would not be able to return safely. A modified Apollo CSM was prepared, with two crew spaces and three additional bunks crammed in beneath them; however, the problem was fixed without requiring a rescue flight, and the mission was stood down. The CSM was later used as a backup for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. As of 2005 it is on display at the Kennedy Space Center. The two astronauts planned for this crew were Don Lind and Vance Brand. During the second crewed Skylab mission a rescue flight was assembled as a backup contingency. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1893x2347, 632 KB) Vance Brand and Don Lind, the crew for the unflown Skylab Rescue mission. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1893x2347, 632 KB) Vance Brand and Don Lind, the crew for the unflown Skylab Rescue mission. ... Vance DeVoe Brand is a former NASA astronaut. ... Don Leslie Lind is a former NASA astronaut who was born in Midvale, Utah on May 18, 1930. ... During the second crewed Skylab mission a rescue flight was assembled as a backup contingency. ... Skylab 3 or SL-3 was the second manned mission to Skylab. ... The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project was the first joint flight of the US and Soviet space programs. ... Don Leslie Lind is a former NASA astronaut who was born in Midvale, Utah on May 18, 1930. ... Vance DeVoe Brand is a former NASA astronaut. ...

Along with the Skylab Rescue mission, there were also plans for a short 20-day Skylab 5 flight that would use this backup CSM. The crew would have performed some scientific research and boosted the station into a higher orbit for use by the Space Shuttle. Another plan would have been to use the backup Skylab that had been constructed and launch it using one of the surplus Saturn V rockets left over from the cancellation of later lunar landing missions. It would have been served by Apollo spacecraft and perhaps been used for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. NASAs Space Shuttle, officially called Space Transportation System (STS), is the United States governments current manned launch vehicle. ...

In fiction

James A. Michener's novel Space features a fictional Apollo 18 which makes a fateful trip to the far side of the Moon. James Albert Michener (February 3, 1907? - October 16, 1997) was the American author of such books as Tales of the South Pacific (for which he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1948), Hawaii, The Drifters, Centennial, The Source, The Fires of Spring, Chesapeake, Caribbean, Caravans, Alaska, Texas, and Poland. ... Space is a novel by James A. Michener published in 1982. ... Far side of the Moon. ... Adjective lunar Bulk silicate composition (estimated wt%) SiO2 44. ...

Shane Johnson's novel Ice likewise features a fictional Apollo 19 which makes a trip to a deep basin on the south lunar pole that is now believed to contain a vast formation of water ice, and an equally fictional Apollo 20, using a Skylab rescue CSM, to the same site. Shane Johnson is an author, a graphic artist, and an amateur historian specializing in Project Apollo. ... Ice is an alternate history novel concerning a fictional Apollo 19 mission that suffers a major system failure. ...

Stephen Baxter's Moonseed opens with a recounting of the Apollo 18 mission to Aristarchus. Stephen Baxter at the Science-Fiction-Tage NRW in Dortmund, Germany, March 1997 Stephen Baxter (born in Liverpool, 13 November 1957) is a British hard science fiction author. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ...

References

• Apollo 18, 19, 20, Skylab B and Skylab 5 at the Encyclopedia Astronautica
• Apollo 18 through 20 from the Goddard Space Flight Center. Retrieved 10 September 2005.
• CM-115 on display at Johnson Space Center. Retrieved 10 September 2005.

The Encyclopedia Astronautica is a reference web site on space travel. ... Aerial view of Goddard Space Flight Center. ... September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Location of space hardware
• Astronautix