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Encyclopedia > Candidates' Tournament

The Candidates Tournament was a triannual chess tournament organized by the world chess federation FIDE as the final contest to determine the challenger for the World Chess Championship. The winner of the Candidates earnt the right to a match for the World Championship against the incumbent World Champion. Chess is an abstract strategy board game for two players that is played both recreationally and competitively. ... The Fédération Internationale des Échecs or World Chess Federation is an international organization that connects the various national chess federations around the world. ... Current World Champion, Vladimir Kramnik. ...


The numbers in the tournament varied over the years, between eight and fifteen players. Most of these qualified from Interzonal tournaments, though the top one or two from the previous Candidates tournament gained direct entry without having to play the Interzonal. Interzonal chess tournaments were tournaments organized by FIDE, the World Chess Federation. ...


Before 1965, the tournament was organized in a round-robin format. From 1965 on, the tournament was played as knockout matches, often spread over several months. In 1995-6, the defending champion also entered the Candidates, so the winner was the FIDE world champion. 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... A round-robin tournament or all-play-all tournament is a type of group tournament in which each participant plays every other participant an equal number of times. ... A single-elimination tournament, also called a knockout or sudden death tournament, is a type of tournament where the loser of each match is immediately eliminated from winning the championship or first prize in the event. ...


FIDE discontinued the Candidates tournaments after 1996.


During its 1993-2006 split from FIDE, the "Classical" World Championship also held three candidates tournaments, under a different sponsor each time. In one of these cases (Alexei Shirov in 1998), no title match eventuated, due to a lack of sponsorhip. Alexei Shirov Alexei Shirov (Aleksejs Širovs, Алексе́й Широв) (born July 4, 1972 in Riga, Latvia), is one of the top chess grandmasters in the world today. ...


Results of Interzonal and Candidates Tournaments, 1948-2006

The table below shows the qualifiers and results for all Candidates tournaments. Players shown in bracketed in italics (like this) qualified for the Candidates, but did not play. Players shown bracketed in italics with an asterisk (like this*) were excluded from the Candidates by a rule limiting the number of players from one country. Players listed after bracketed players only qualified due to the non-participation of the bracketed players.

Year Interzonal Format Interzonal Qualifiers Seeded into Candidates Candidates Format Candidates Winner Incumbent Champion Championship Result
1948-51 20 players, Single Round Robin, 8 qualified Bronstein, Szabo, Boleslavsky, Kotov, Lilienthal, Najdorf, Stahlberg, Flohr, (Bondarevsky) Smyslov, Keres (Euwe, Reshevsky, Fine) 10 players, Double round robin Bronstein (after playoff match against Boleslavsky) Botvinnik Drawn 12-12, Botvinnik retained title
1951-54 21 players, Single Round Robin, 8 qualified Kotov, Taimonov, Petrosian, Geller, Averbakh, Stahlberg, Szabo, Gligoric Bronstein, Boleslavsky, Smyslov, Keres, Najdorf (from previous Candidates), Reshevsky, Euwe (from 1948 Championship) 15 players, Double round robin Smyslov Botvinnik Drawn 12-12, Botvinnik retained title
1954-57 21 players, Single Round Robin, 9 qualified Bronstein, Keres, Panno, Petrosian, Geller, Szabo, Filip, Pilnik, Spassky Smyslov 10 players, Double round robin Smyslov Botvinnik Smyslov won 12.5-9.5
1958 rematch Botvinnik Smyslov Botvinnik won 12.5-10.5
1958-60 21 players, Single Round Robin, 6 qualified Tal, Gligoric, Petrosian, Benko, Olafsson, Fischer Smyslov, Keres 8 players, Quadruple round robin Tal Botvinnik Tal won 12.5-8.5
1961 rematch Botvinnik Tal Botvinnik won 13-8
1961-63 23 players, Single Round Robin, 6 qualified Fischer, Geller, Petrosian, Korchnoi, Filip, (Stein*), Benko Tal, Keres 8 players, Quadruple round robin Petrosian Botvinnik Petrosian won 12.5-9.5
1964-66 24 players, Single Round Robin, 6 qualified Smyslov, Larsen, Spassky, Tal, (Stein*), (Bronstein*), Ivkov, Portisch Keres, Geller 8 players, matches Spassky Petrosian Petrosian won 12.5-11.5
1967-69 23 players, Single Round Robin, 6 qualified Larsen, Korchnoi, Geller, Gligoric, Portisch, Reshevsky Spassky, Tal 8 players, matches Spassky Petrosian Spassky won 12.5-10.5
1970-72 24 players, Single Round Robin, 6 qualified Fischer, Larsen, Geller, Hubner, Taimanov, Uhlmann Petrosian, Korchnoi 8 players, matches Fischer Spassky Fischer won 12.5-8.5
1973-75 Two 18 player, single round robin Interzonals; 3 qualified from each Korchnoi, Karpov, Byrne; Mecking, Portisch, Polugaevsky Spassky, Petrosian 8 players, matches Karpov Fischer Karpov won on forfeit
1976-78 Two 20 player, single round robin Interzonals; 3 qualified from each Larsen, Petrosian, Portisch; Mecking, Polugaevsky, Hort Korchnoi, (Fischer), Spassky 8 players, matches Korchnoi Karpov Karpov won 6-5 (draws not counting)
1979-81 Two 18 player, single round robin Interzonals; 3 qualified from each Tal, Polugaevsky, Adorjan; Portisch, Petrosian, Hubner Korchnoi, Spassky 8 players, matches Korchnoi Karpov Karpov won 6-2 (draws not counting)
1982-85 Three 14 player, single round robin Interzonals; 2 qualified from each Ribli, Smyslov; Kasparov, Beliavsky; Portisch, Torre Korchnoi, Hubner 8 players, matches Kasparov Karpov Unlimited match abandoned after 48 games with Karpov leading 5-3; Kasparov won replay 13-11
1986 rematch Karpov Kasparov Kasparov won 12.5-11.5
1985-87 Three 16-18 player, single round robin Interzonals; 4 qualified from each Vaganian, Seirawan, Sokolov, Short; Timman, Nogueiras, Tal, Spraggett; Yusupov, Beliavsky, Portisch, Chernin Karpov, Korchnoi, Ribli, Smyslov, Spassky 16 player tournament; top 4 played matches; matches winner (Sokolov) played Karpov Karpov Kasparov Drawn 12-12, Kasparov retained title
1988-90 Three 17-18 player, single round robin Interzonals; 3 qualified from each Sax, Short, Speelman; Salov, Hjartason, Portisch; Korchnoi, Seirawan, Ehlvest Karpov, Sokolov, Timman, Vaganian, Yusupov, Spraggett 15 players, matches, (Karpov seeded into second round) Karpov Kasparov Kasparov won 12.5-11.5
1991-93 64 player swiss, 11 players qualified Gelfand, Ivanchuk, Anand, Sax, Short, Korchnoi, Hubner, Nikolic, Yudasin, Dolmatov, Dreev Karpov, Timman, Yusupov, Speelman 15 players, matches, (Karpov seeded into second round) Short, ahead of Timman, Karpov and Yusupov Kasparov Kasparov defeated Short 13-8 under the auspices of the PCA; Karpov defeated Timman 12.5-8.5 under the auspices of FIDE
1993-95 (PCA) 54 player swiss, 7 players qualified Adams, Anand, Kamsky, Kramnik, Tiviakov, Gulko, Romanishin Short 8 players, matches Anand Kasparov Kasparov won 10.5-7.5
1993-96 (FIDE) 73 player swiss, 10 players qualified Gelfand, Van der Sterren, Kamsky, Khalifman, Adams, Yudasin, Salov, Lautier, Kramnik, Anand Timman, Yusupov 12 players played two rounds of matches; then Karpov joined the final 3 (Gelfand, Kamsky, Salov) for matches Karpov, Kamsky (finalists) Karpov won 10.5-7.5
1997-98 (FIDE) 7 round, mini-match, knockout tournament Anand Karpov Drawn 3-3; Karpov won rapid playoff 2-0
1998 (Classical) None Kramnik, Shirov match Shirov Kasparov match never took place
1999 (FIDE) 7 round, mini-match, knockout tournament Khalifman, Akopian (finalists) Khalifman won 3.5-2.5
2000 (Classical) None Kramnik None Kasparov Kramnik won 8.5-6.5
2000 (FIDE) 7 round, mini-match, knockout tournament Anand, Shirov (finalists) Anand won 3.5-0.5
2001-2002 (FIDE) 7 round, mini-match, knockout tournament Ponomariov, Ivanchuk (finalists) Ponomariov won 4.5-2.5
2002-2004 (Classical) None Bareev, Adams, Leko, Morozevich, Topalov, Shirov, Gelfand, Lutz Two 4 player double-round robins; top 2 from each formed a final 4, who played 2 rounds of mini-matches Leko Kramnik drawn 7-7, Kramnik retained title
2004 (FIDE) 7 round, mini-match, knockout tournament Adams, Kasimdzhanov (finalists) drawn 3-3; Kasimdzhanov won rapid playoff 1.5-0.5
2005 (FIDE) None Adams, Kasimdzhanov (as FIDE 2004 finalists); Leko, (Kramnik) (as Classical 2004 finalists); Anand, Topalov, Morozevich, (Kasparov), Svidler, Polgar (on rating) 8 player, double round robin Topalov
2006 Reunification match between FIDE champion (Topalov) and Classical Champion (Kramnik) drawn 6-6, Kramnik won rapid playoff 2.5-1.5

David Bronstein David Ionovich Bronstein (Дави́д Ио́нович Бронште́йн) (February 19, 1924, Bila Tserkva, Ukraine – December 5, 2006, Minsk, Belarus) was renowned as a leading chess grandmaster and writer. ... // Headline text László Szabó (March 19, 1917 – August 8, 1998) was a prominent Hungarian International Grandmaster of chess. ... Isaac Yefremovich Boleslavsky (1919 – February 15, 1977) was a Ukrainian-Jewish chess grandmaster. ... Alexander Kotov (Александр Александрович Котов) (August 12, 1913 – January 8, 1981) was a chess grandmaster and author. ... Andre Lilienthal (born 5 May 1911) is a Hungarian chess grandmaster. ... Miguel Najdorf (born as Mieczysław Najdorf; 1910 - 1997) was a Polish-Argentine chess player. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Igor Zakharovich Bondarevsky (May 12, 1913, Rostov-on-the-Don, Russia – June 14, 1979, Piatigorsk) was a Soviet Russian chess grandmaster in both over the board and correspondence chess, International Judge, trainer and author of chess books. ... Vasily Smyslov Vasily Vasiliyevich Smyslov (Васи́лий Смысло́в) (born March 24, 1921) is a chess player. ... Paul Keres Paul Keres (born January 7, 1916, in Narva, Estonia; died June 5, 1975, in Helsinki, Finland) was an Estonian chess grandmaster and one of the strongest chess players of all time, apart from the World chess champions. ... Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wÉ™/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess player. ... Samuel Herman (Sammy) Reshevsky (born November 26, 1911, Ozorkow, Poland - died April 4, 1992, New York, USA) was a leading American chess Grandmaster. ... Reuben Fine (October 11, 1914 - March 26, 1993) was one of the best chess players in the world during the 1930s. ... Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (IPA: ; Russian: ) (August 17, 1911 [O.S. August 4] - May 5, 1995) was a Jewish Russian International Grandmaster and long-time World Champion of chess. ... Mark Evgenievich Taimanov (Марк Евгеньевич Тайманов) (born February 7, 1926) is a leading Russian chess player and concert pianist. ... Tigran Petrosian. ... Efim Petrovich Geller (March 2, 1925 – November 17, 1998) was a Soviet chess player. ... Averbakh in the 1950s Yuri Lvovich Averbakh (born February 8, 1922) is a Russian chess player and author. ... Svetozar Gligorić (Светозар Глигорић) (born February 2, 1923) is a chess grandmaster. ... Oscar R. Panno (born 1935) was an Argentine chess grandmaster. ... Miroslav Filip (born October 27, 1928 in Prague) is an International Grandmaster of chess from the Czech Republic. ... Herman Pilnik (8 January 1914, Stuttgart, Germany – 12 November 1981, Caracas, Venezuela) was an Argentine (German origin) chess grandmaster. ... Boris Spassky Boris Vasilievich Spassky (also Spasski) (Бори́с Васи́льевич Спа́сский) (born January 30, 1937) is a Russian chess player and former world champion. ... Mikhail Tal Mikhail Nekhemievich Tal (IPA: ; Latvian: ; Russian: ) (November 9, 1936 - June 28, 1992) was a Jewish Latvian chess player and the eighth World Chess Champion. ... Pál BenkÅ‘ (born July 15, 1928 in Amiens) is a chess grandmaster, author, and composer of endgame studies and chess problems. ... Friðrik Ólafsson (born January 26, 1935) is a chess Grandmaster. ... Robert James Bobby Fischer (born March 9, 1943) is a United States-born Icelandic chess grandmaster and in 1972 became the only US-born chessplayer ever to win the World Chess Championship. ... Viktor Korchnoi (Ви́ктор Льво́вич Корчно́й) (born March 23, 1931) is sometimes reckoned to be the strongest chess player never to have been world champion. ... Leonid Stein (1934 – 1973), Soviet chess player from Ukraine. ... Bent Larsen Bent Larsen (born March 4, 1935) is a Danish chess player. ... Borislav Ivkov (born November 12, 1933 in Belgrade) is a Serbian chess player. ... Lajos Portisch is a Hungarian chess player, born in 1937, whose positional style earned him the nickname of the Hungarian Botvinnik. One of the strongest non-Soviet grandmasters in the 1960s and 1970s, he participated in 12 straight interzonals and qualified for the candidates cycle 5 times. ... Doctor Robert Hübner (born November 6, 1948 in West Germany) is a respected German chess Grandmaster and papyrologist (recognised as an expert in Egyptian hieroglyphics). ... Wolfgang Uhlmann (born March 29, 1935) is a prominent German International Grandmaster of chess. ... Anatoly Karpov Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov (Russian: ) (born May 23, 1951) is a Russian chess grandmaster and former World Champion. ... Robert E. Byrne (born April 20, 1928) is a leading American chess player, who won the U.S. Championship in 1972. ... Henrique Mecking (born 23 January 1952; first name spelled Enrique in some references) was a leading Brazilian chess master in the 1970s. ... Lev Polugaevsky (sometimes transliterated Polugayevsky; (20 November 1934-30 August 1995) was an International Grandmaster of chess and frequent contender for the world chess championship, although he never achieved that title. ... Vlastimil Hort (b. ... András Adorján (born March 31, 1950) is known as an author and Hungarian International Grandmaster of chess. ... Zoltán Ribli (born September 6, 1951 in Mohács) is a Hungarian chess grandmaster and three times national champion. ... A. Beliavsky, at 35th chess olympiad Bled 2002 Alexander Beliavsky (born December 17, 1953) is a Ukrainian chess grandmaster. ... Eugenio Torre (born November 4, 1951) is a chess Grandmaster. ... Rafael Vaganian Rafael Artemovich Vaganian, also transliterated Vahanyan (Armenian: , Russian: ) is an Armenian chess grandmaster known for his sharp tactical style of play. ... Yasser Seirawan Yasser Seirawan (born March 24, 1960) is a chess grandmaster and 4-time US-champion. ... Ivan Sokolov is a chess grandmaster from Yugoslavia, currently playing for the Netherlands. ... Nigel Short MBE (born June 1, 1965 in Leigh, Lancashire) is widely regarded as the strongest British chess player of the 20th century. ... Jan Timman Jan Timman (born December 14, 1951) is a famous Dutch chessplayer who had his greatest successes in the 1970s and 1980s. ... Kevin Spraggett Kevin Spraggett (born 10 November 1954, Montreal) is a Canadian chess grandmaster. ... Artur Mayakovich Yusupov (in German - Jussupow), born February 13, 1960 is a naturalised German International Grandmaster of chess. ... Gyula Sax (born June 18, 1951 Budapest, Hungary) is a Hungarian chess player. ... Jonathan Speelman (born October 2, 1956) is an English chess player. ... Jaan Ehlvest (born 14 October 1962 at Tallinn in Estonia) is a chess player. ... Boris Gelfand (born 24 June 1968) is a chess grandmaster. ... Vassily Ivanchuk (Васи́лий Ива́нчук), born March 18, 1969 in Berejiany, Ukraine, is a Ukrainian chess grandmaster. ... Viswanathan Anand Viswanathan Anand (IPA: ) (born December 11, 1969 in Chennai (then called Madras), India) is an Indian chess grandmaster and former FIDE world champion. ... Predrag Nikolić (born 11 September 1960 in Bosanski Å amac, Bosnia) is a Bosnian chess grandmaster. ... Leonid Grigoryevich Yudasin (born Leningrad, August 8, 1959) is a prominent Jewish grandmaster of chess now living in Israel. ... Sergey Viktorovich Dolmatov (born February 20, 1959) is a Russian International Grandmaster of chess and former World Junior Chess Champion. ... Alexey Dreev is a chess grandmaster from Russia. ... The Professional Chess Association was created 1993 by Garry Kasparov and Nigel Short for the marketing and organization of its chess world championship, as a consequence of the then FIDE President, Florencio Campomanes, abrogating the voting rights of the players. ... The Fédération Internationale des Échecs or World Chess Federation is an international organization that connects the various national chess federations around the world. ... The Professional Chess Association was created 1993 by Garry Kasparov and Nigel Short for the marketing and organization of its chess world championship, as a consequence of the then FIDE President, Florencio Campomanes, abrogating the voting rights of the players. ... Michael Adams Michael Adams (born October 17, 1971 in Truro, Cornwall, England) is an International Grandmaster of chess. ... Gata Kamsky (Tatar:Äžataulla Kamski) (born June 2, 1974) is an American chess grandmaster. ... Vladimir Kramnik at the 2005 Corus chess tournament. ... Sergei Tiviakov (b. ... Boris Gulko Boris Gulko (b. ... Oleg Mikhailovich Romanishin (born January 10, 1952 in Lvov) is a Ukrainian chess grandmaster and former European junior champion. ... The Fédération Internationale des Échecs or World Chess Federation is an international organization that connects the various national chess federations around the world. ... Alexander Valeryevich Khalifman (born January 18, 1966) is a Russian chess player. ... Valery Salov (born May 26, 1964) is a Russian chess grandmaster. ... Joel Lautier (born 12 April 1973) is a French chess grandmaster. ... The Fédération Internationale des Échecs or World Chess Federation is an international organization that connects the various national chess federations around the world. ... Alexei Shirov Alexei Shirov (Aleksejs Å irovs, Алексе́й Широв) (born July 4, 1972 in Riga, Latvia), is one of the top chess grandmasters in the world today. ... The Fédération Internationale des Échecs or World Chess Federation is an international organization that connects the various national chess federations around the world. ... Vladimir Hakobyan (Armenian: ; born December 7, 1971 in Baku) is a leading Armenian chess Grandmaster. ... The Fédération Internationale des Échecs or World Chess Federation is an international organization that connects the various national chess federations around the world. ... The Fédération Internationale des Échecs or World Chess Federation is an international organization that connects the various national chess federations around the world. ... Ruslan Ponomariov (Ukrainian: Руслан Пономарьов; Russian: Русла́н Пономарёв) (born October 11, 1983) is a Ukrainian chess player. ... Evgeny Bareev (b. ... Image:Leko2. ... Alexander Morozevich Alexander Morozevich (Александр Морозе́вич) (born July 18, 1977) is a Russian chess player. ... Veselin Topalov 2005 Veselin Topalov (IPA: ; Bulgarian: ) (born 15 March 1975) is a Bulgarian chess grandmaster and former FIDE world champion. ... Christopher Lutz (born 1971), is a German chess grandmaster, and German chess champion in 1995 and 2001. ... The FIDE World Chess Championship, 2004 was held at the Almahary Hotel in Tripoli, Libya, from June 18 to July 13. ... (Rustam Qosimjonov in Uzbek, Рустам Касымджанов in Russian born December 5, 1979) is a chess grandmaster from Uzbekistan. ... Peter Svidler Peter Svidler (Пётр Свидлер; Pyotr Svidler, born June 17, 1976 in Leningrad) is a Russian chess grandmaster. ... Judit Polgár (born July 23, 1976) is a Hungarian chess player. ... The FIDE World Chess Championship 2006 was a chess match between Classical World Chess Champion Vladimir Kramnik, and FIDE World Chess Champion Veselin Topalov. ...

External links

Mark Weeks' pages FIDE World Championship events 1948-1990 and World Championship events 1991-present are the main sources for this article.


  Results from FactBites:
 
Candidates Tournament - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (206 words)
The Candidates Tournament was a triannual chess tournament organized by the world chess federation FIDE as the final contest to determine the challenger for the World Chess Championship.
Most of these qualified from Interzonal tournaments, though the top one or two from the previous Candidates tournament gained direct entry without having to play the Interzonal.
Before 1965, the tournament was organized in a round-robin format.
Wisconsin Youth Soccer (536 words)
Prerequisites: Candidates must be 21 years old and have earned a National "B" License (held for minimum of 12 months) and meets 3.2 Rule requirement.
Prerequisites: Candidates must be 19 years old and have earned a National "C" License (held for minimum of 12 months) and meets 3.2 Rule requirement.
The course places considerable emphasis on the “Methods of Coaching” and candidates are tested in their ability to apply these in teaching fundamental techniques.
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