Canso (2001 population: 992) is a small Canadian town in Guysborough County, on the north-eastern tip of mainland Nova Scotia. 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Guysborough County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit (One defends and the other conquers) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Lieutenant Governor Myra A. Freeman Premier John Hamm (PC) Area {{{TotalArea}}} km² (12th)  - Land 53,338 km²  - Water 1,946 km² (3. ...

Geography

The town is located on the southern shore of Chedabucto Bay. The southern limit of the bay is at Cape Canso, a headland approximately 3 km southeast of the town. A kilometre (American spelling: kilometer, symbol: km) is a unit of length equal to 1000 metres (from the Greek words khilia = thousand and metro = count/measure). ...

Canso Harbour is protected by the Canso Islands, a small archipelago lying immediately north and east of the mainland, with Durells Island, Piscataqui Island, George Island, and Grassy Island being the largest. An archipelago is a landform which consists of a chain or cluster of islands. ...

Canso is the southeastern terminus of Highway 16, an important secondary highway in Antigonish and Guysborough counties. Antigonish County, Nova Scotia is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. ... Guysborough County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. ...

As the town is situated on the end of a peninsula jutting into the Atlantic Ocean, Canso frequently experiences fog, particularly during the warmer summer months when continental air temperatures collide with cooler ocean temperatures offshore. Early morning fog obscures the surface of this lake in Carrollton, Georgia, but the sky remains clear. ...

History

The name is traced to a variation of the Mi'kmaq name "Kamsok", which roughly translates into "opposite a high bluff or high banks opposite". The area was likely home to members of the Mi'kmaq Nation due to its proximity to excellent fishing grounds. The Mikmaq (also Míkmaq, Micmac, Migmaw; in Quebec, Migmaq) are a Canadian First Nations people indigenous to northeastern New England, Canadas Maritimes, and the Gaspé Peninsula of the province of Quebec. ...

Although fishermen from Western Europe had been operating in the waters off Canso, beginning in the early part of the 16th century, the European discovery of the actual area of the town and its harbour is traced to French fishermen in 1605. The name "Canseau" was first mentioned in Marc Lescarbot's Histoire de la Nouvelle-France (1609). Western Europe is distinguished from Eastern Europe by differences of history and culture rather than by geography. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... Events April 13 - Tsar Boris Godunow dies - Feodor II accedes to the throne May 16 - Paul V becomes Pope June 1 - Russian troops in Moscow imprison Feodor II and his mother. ... Marc Lescarbot (1590-circa 1630) was a French author and lawyer. ... Events April 4 – King of Spain signs an edit of expulsion of all moriscos from Spain April 9 – Spain recognizes Dutch independence May 23 - Official ratification of the Second Charter of Virginia. ...

The town was occupied on and off by both the French (from Acadia) or English (from New England) during the 17th and early 18th centuries. Under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, Canso, along with the rest of present-day peninsular Nova Scotia was passed from French to British control. France maintained posession of islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, including Ile St-Jean and Ile Royale (present-day Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton Island) and contested that the Canso Islands were included in its territory, which was coveted by French fishermen. There is a also a U.S. national park called Acadia National Park; For the former electoral district, see Acadia (electoral district) The national flag of Acadia, adopted in 1884. ... The Kingdom of England has no specific founding date. ... Modern New England, the six northeastern-most states of the United States, indicated by red The New England region of the United States is located in the northeastern corner of the country. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... The Treaty of Utrecht, a series of treaties signed in 1713, helped end the War of the Spanish Succession. ... // Events April 11 - War of the Spanish Succession: Treaty of Utrecht June 23 - French residents of Acadia given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia Canada first Orrery built by George Graham Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713... The Gulf of Saint Lawrence, the worlds largest estuary, is the outlet of North Americas Great Lakes via the Saint Lawrence River into the Atlantic Ocean. ... Motto: Parva Sub Ingenti (The small under the protection of the great) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Charlottetown Largest city Charlottetown Lieutenant Governor J. Léonce Bernard Premier Pat Binns (PC) Area 5,660 km² (13th)  - Land 5,660 km²  - Water 0 km² (0%) Population (2004)  - Population 137,900... Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada Cape Breton Island (French: île du Cap-Breton, Scottish Gaelic: Eilean Cheap Breatuinn, Mikmaq: Unamakika), sometimes shortened to just Cape Breton, is a large island on the Atlantic coast of North America. ...

As New England fishermen also desired access to the fishery off eastern Nova Scotia and on the Grand Banks, Britain objected to French control of the Canso Islands and evicted French fishermen shortly after the treaty was implemented. France began construction of Fortress Louisbourg on the southeastern tip of Ile Royale to protect the entrance to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and St. Lawrence River, as well as to provide a French naval base for protecting the Grand Banks fishing fleet. Modern New England, the six northeastern-most states of the United States, indicated by red The New England region of the United States is located in the northeastern corner of the country. ... Fortress Louisbourg (fr. ... The Gulf of Saint Lawrence, the worlds largest estuary, is the outlet of North Americas Great Lakes via the Saint Lawrence River into the Atlantic Ocean. ... The Saint Lawrence River (French fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large west-to-east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ...

In 1720, Nova Scotia's governor Richard Phillips ordered a small British Army garrison be established at "Canso" (actually located on Grassy Island) out of fear of a French attack staged out of Louisbourg to the east. The British government refused to pay for defence of the community leaving Phillips to build a simple earthen fort, however the fort soon fell into disrepair. // Events January 6 - The Committee of Inquiry on the South Sea Bubble publishes its findings February 11 - Sweden and Prussia sign the (2nd Treaty of Stockholm) declaring peace. ... The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British military. ... For people named Garrison, see Garrison (disambiguation). ...

During the 1720s and 1730s, British settlement at Canso on Grassy Island prospered as it was the closest harbour on peninsular Nova Scotia to the Grand Banks. Thousands of New England fishermen flocked to Canso each summer and fall to fish; upwards of 8 million fish were pulled on average each season. Some local merchants became wealthy through smuggling of goods between Canso and Louisbourg, as trade between Britain and France was strictly prohibited. Events and Trends Manufacture of the earliest surviving pianos. ... Events and Trends The Great Awakening - A Protestant religious movement active in the British colonies of North America Sextant invented (probably around 1730) independently by John Hadley in Great Britain and Thomas Godfrey in the American colonies World leaders Louis XV King of France (king from 1715 to 1774) George... The Grand Banks are a group of underwater plateaus southeast of Newfoundland on the North American continental shelf. ... These lollipops, above, were found to contain heroin when inspected by the DEA. Smuggling is illegal transport, in particular across a border. ...

In 1740, Britain and France went to war under the War of the Austrian Succession with their North American battles being referred to as King George's War. In the summer of 1744, a French expedition out of Louisbourg attacked the settlement on Grassy Island, burning the buildings to the ground and levelling the simple fort. Events May 31 - Friedrich II comes to power in Prussia upon the death of his father, Friedrich Wilhelm I. October 20 - Maria Theresia of Austria inherits the Habsburg hereditary dominions (Austria, Bohemia, Hungary and present-day Belgium). ... The War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748). ... King Georges War is the name given to the military operations in North America that formed part of the 1740-1748 War of the Austrian Succession. ... // Events The third French and Indian War, known as King Georges War, breaks out at Port Royal, Nova Scotia Ongoing events War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) Births May 19 - Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, queen of George III of Great Britain (d. ...

This expedition was the final straw for war-hungry British colonists in New England who feared the "growing French menace" to their fishery and livlihoods. The following spring, a large fleet of New England militia led by William Pepperrell left Boston in late March, arriving in Canso at Grassy Island which was used as a rendezvous point and logistics support base for staging an attack and siege on Fortress Louisbourg. The siege of Louisbourg began on April 28, 1745 and lasted until the fortress's defenders surrendered on June 16. The New England fishing fleets moved to Louisbourg, abandoning Canso in favour of a superior port which was closer still to the Grand Banks fishery. A militia is a group of citizens organized to provide paramilitary service. ... Sir William Pepperrell (June 27, 1696 – July 6, 1759) was a British settler and soldier in Colonial Massachusetts. ... Alternative meanings: Boston (disambiguation) The 18th-century Old State House in Boston is surrounded by tall buildings of the 19th and 20th centuries. ... March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... April 28 is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 247 days remaining. ... Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected... June 16 is the 167th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (168th in leap years), with 198 days remaining. ...

Three years later on October 18, 1748, Britain was forced to return Louisbourg to French control under the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. The New England fleets returned to Canso and the port continued to prosper from being a British outpost on the North Atlantic for another decade. In 1758, a force of British Army and Royal Navy regulars staged out of Canso for the second anf final attack and siege of Fortress Louisbourg, led by General Jeffrey Amherst and Admiral Edward Boscawen. The attack began on June 8 and ended with a French surrender on July 26. The British fleet continued to conquest the rest of Nouvelle France, leaving Britain in total control of the North Atlantic coast. October 18 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in Leap years). ... Events April 24 - A congress assembles at Aix-la-Chapelle with the intent to conclude the struggle known as the War of Austrian Succession - at October 18 - The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle is signed to end the war Adam Smith begins to deliver public lectures in Edinburgh Building of... There were two Treaties of Aix-la-Chapelle. ... 1758 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Jeffrey Amherst by Joshua Reynolds Jeffrey Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst (sometimes spelled Geoffrey, he himself spelled his name as Jeffery) (January 29, 1717 - August 3, 1797) served as an officer in the British army Born in Sevenoaks, England, he became a soldier aged about 14. ... Edward Boscawen (August 10, 1711 - January 10, 1761) was a British (Cornish) admiral. ... June 8 is the 159th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (160th in leap years), with 206 days remaining. ... July 26 is the 207th day (208th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 158 days remaining. ... New France (French: la Nouvelle-France) describes the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River by Jacques Cartier in 1534 to the cession of New France to the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1763. ... A coastal image featured on a United States postal stamp. ...

Following the removal of the French threat, Canso's status was reduced to one of Nova Scotia's numerous fishing communities, however area residents and colonial government administrators opted for a grander vision. In 1764 a town plot was surveyed south of the present-day location of the town. It was named "Wilmot", in honour of Colonel Montague Wilmot, Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia, however the Wilmot township was never developed. 1764 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... British Governors of Nova Scotia from 1710 to Confederation Lieutenant-Governors of Nova Scotia post-Confederation Categories: Nova Scotia | Lieutenant Governors of Nova Scotia ...

Instead, the present-day community developed along the southern shore of Chedabucto Bay, directly opposite the former settlement at Grassy Island. The town grew under a prosperous ground fishery and was incorporated on May 14, 1901. May 14 is the 134th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (135th in leap years). ... 1901 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

From 1875 until the early 1960s, Canso was the western terminus of several transatlantic telegraph cables. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Canso was selected as the terminus of several proposed railway lines. Canso is approximately the same distance from the New Brunswick-Nova Scotia border as the port of Halifax, further to the west and was located approximately a half-day's sailing time closer to Europe. These proposals resulted in some railway construction in northwestern Nova Scotia, but lines never made it as far as Guysborough County. 1875 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The 1960s, or The Sixties, in its most obvious sense refers to the decade between 1960 and 1969, but the expression has taken on a wider meaning over the past twenty years. ... Cyrus Field was the instigator of the laying of the first transatlantic telegraph cable between North America and Europe August 5th 1858. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope was restored) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Lieutenant Governor Herménégilde Chiasson Premier Bernard Lord (PC) Area 72,908 km² (8th)  - Land 71,450 km²  - Water 1,458 km² (2. ... Halifax redirects here. ...

Following the Second World War, Canso's economy reached its peak when the town became home to one of the largest fish processing plants in the world after National Sea Products received increased groundfish quotas for its offshore trawler fleet. The industrialization of the fishery created numerous jobs both on and off shore for town and area residents. During the 1980s it became apparent that fish stocks were collapsing and National Sea Products sold the plant to SeaFreeze by the early 1990s after the facility had been mothballed for a time. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... // Events and trends The 1980s marked an abrupt shift towards more conservative lifestyles after the momentous cultural revolutions which took place in the 1960s and 1970s and the definition of the AIDS virus in 1981. ... // Events and trends The 1990s are generally classified as having moved slightly away from the more conservative 1980s, but keeping the same mind-set. ...

SeaFreeze attempted to operate for several more years but by 2000, it too had run out options for keeping the plant going. Canso entered into a state of economic decline during the 1980s and 1990s, with many attempts by local politicians to secure the rights for the plant to process other seafood fished in other parts of Canadian waters, or internationally, but to no avail. The experience left many in the town and surrounding region with a deep-rooted bitterness toward the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, which allows fishing vessels working near Canso to sell seafood to plants in other locations. 2000 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events and trends The 1980s marked an abrupt shift towards more conservative lifestyles after the momentous cultural revolutions which took place in the 1960s and 1970s and the definition of the AIDS virus in 1981. ... // Events and trends The 1990s are generally classified as having moved slightly away from the more conservative 1980s, but keeping the same mind-set. ... The Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), also referred to as Fisheries and Oceans Canada, is the department within the government of Canada with responsibility for the management and safety of Canadas waters. ...

Between the 1996 census and the 2001 census, Canso's population declined 12% from 1,127 to 992. The retracting economy in the town has led to a perilous state of municipal finances with a large accumulated deficit. A provincial government-sponsored plebiscite was held on January 30, 2005 to consider merging the town with the municipality of Guysborough County. It was hoped that such a move would reduce administrative costs and be able to pass more on to the community. The proposal was rejected, mainly due to an appeal to the town's heritage and identity as an historic fishing port. The citizens of Canso are now engaged in fundraising to try and relieve the deficit. 1996 is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... January 30 is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ...

Trivia

• The Stan Rogers Folk Festival is held in Canso every year to honor Stan Rogers.
• The Canso Islands National Historic Site is located in the town.
• Canso crater on Mars is named after the town.

Stanley Allison Rogers (November 29, 1949–June 2, 1983) was a Canadian folk musician and composer. ... Categories: Astronomy stubs | Craters on Mars ... Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the solar system, named after the Roman god of war (the counterpart of the Greek Ares), on account of its blood red color as viewed in the night sky. ...

External links

• Town of Canso - official website