In finance, a capital gain is profit that is realized from the sale of an asset that was previously purchased at a lower price. The most common capital gains are realized from the sale of stocks, bonds, and property. (If the sale of the asset had yielded a loss rather than a profit, this loss would be called a capital loss.)
Capital gains are often exempt from income tax, in which case it may be important to distinguish capital gains (or losses) realised on the sale of fixed assets (long_life assets that form part of the structure of a business, such as real property) from trading profits or losses realised on the sale of trading stock (short-life assets that are quickly sold on).
Ionic capital, from the temple of Athena Polias, Priene, Ionia, in a 19th-century engraving
In the Ionic capitals of the archaic Temple of Artemis at Ephesus (560 BCE) the width of the abacus is twice that of its depth, consequently the earliest Ionic capital known was virtually a bracket capital.
The Romanesque and Gothic capitals throughout Europe present as much variety as in the Byzantine and for the same reason, that the artist evolved his conception of the design trom the block he was carving, but in these styles it goes further, on account of the clustering of columns and piers.
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