Captain Jack's Stronghold, named for Modoc chief Captain Jack, is a part of Lava Beds National Monument. The stronghold can be accessed from the Perez turnoff, off Highway 139 between Tule Lake and Canby, California. The Modoc tribe is a group of Native American people living originally in the area which is now northeastern California and central southern Oregon. ... For the music group, see Captain Jack (music). ... Lava Beds National Monument, located in Siskiyou and Modoc Counies, California, is the site of the largest concentration of lava tube caves in the United States. ... Tulelake is a city located in Siskiyou County, California. ... Canby is a town in California with a population of 413 people. ...

During the Modoc War, Captain Jack's band settled here following the Battle of Lost River, and held off a United States Army force outnumbering them by as much as 10 to 1 for several months. The lava beds made an outstanding stronghold for the Modocs because of the rough terrain, rocks that could be used in fortification, and irregular pathways to evade pursuers. The Modoc War, also known as the Lava Beds War, was an armed conflict between the Native American Modoc tribe and the United States Army in southern Oregon and northern California from 1872 - 1873. ... The Battle of Lost River in November 1872 was the first battle in the Modoc War in the northwestern United States. ... The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ...

In the First Battle of the Stronghold, January 17, 1873, the 50 or so Modoc warriors defeated an Army force of over 300 men, killing 35 and wounding several others, while suffering no casualties. During the Second Battle of the Stronghold, April 15 - 17, the reinforced Army of over six hundred men captured the Modoc spring and cut of their route to Tule Lake, forcing the Modoc to flee when their water supplies ran out. After fleeing the Stronhold, the band of Modoc splintered, and the last group, including Captain Jack, was captured on June 1, 1873. The First Battle of the Stronghold (January 17, 1873) was the second battle in the Modoc War of 1872–1873. ... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1873 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Second Battle of the Stronghold was a battle during the Modoc War between a band of the Native American Modoc tribe and the Army of the United States. ... April 15 is the 105th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (106th in leap years). ... April 17 is the 107th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (108th in leap years). ... Water (from the Old English word wæter) is a colorless, tasteless, and odorless substance that is essential to all known forms of life and is known also as the most universal solvent. ... June 1 is the 152nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (153rd in leap years), with 213 days remaining. ...

The area originally served as a hunting and gathering area.

References

Captain Jack's Stronghold (Lava Beds National Monument)