Caravaggio
Chalk portrait of Caravaggio by Ottavio Leoni, c. 1621.
Birth name	Michelangelo Merisi
Born	29 September 1571(1571-09-29) Milan
Died	18 July 1610 (aged 38) Porto Ercole, near Grosseto in Tuscany
Nationality	Italian
Field	Painting
Movement	Baroque

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (September 29, 1571 – 18 July 1610) was an Italian artist active in Rome, Naples, Malta and Sicily between 1593 and 1610. He is commonly placed in the Baroque school, of which he was the first great representative. Caravaggio can refer to: the town Caravaggio in the province of Bergamo, in Italy the painter Michelangelo Merisi, universally known as Caravaggio Caravaggio (movie), loosely based on the artists personal reputation This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same... Image File history File links Bild-Ottavio_Leoni,_Caravaggio. ... Caravaggio painted by Ottavio Leoni around 1621. ... is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 11 - Austrian nobility is granted Freedom of religion. ... For other uses, see Milan (disambiguation). ... is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events January 7 - Galileo Galilei discovers the Galilean moons of Jupiter. ... Grosseto is a town and comune in the central Italian region of Tuscany, the capital of the Province of Grosseto. ... For other uses, see Tuscany (disambiguation). ... Languages Italian, Sicilian, Neapolitan, Corsican, Sardinian, Emiliano-Romagnolo, Ligurian, Lombard, Piedmontese, Venetian, Ladin, Friulian Religions predominantly Roman Catholic      The Italians are a Southern European ethnic group found primarily in Italy and in a wide-ranging diaspora throughout Western Europe, the Americas and Australia. ... For other uses , see Painting (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Baroque (disambiguation). ... is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 11 - Austrian nobility is granted Freedom of religion. ... is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events January 7 - Galileo Galilei discovers the Galilean moons of Jupiter. ... Languages Italian, Sicilian, Neapolitan, Corsican, Sardinian, Emiliano-Romagnolo, Ligurian, Lombard, Piedmontese, Venetian, Ladin, Friulian Religions predominantly Roman Catholic      The Italians are a Southern European ethnic group found primarily in Italy and in a wide-ranging diaspora throughout Western Europe, the Americas and Australia. ... The definition of an artist is wide-ranging and covers a broad spectrum of activities to do with creating art, practicing the arts and/or demonstrating an art. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... Location of the city of Naples (red dot) within Italy. ... Sicily ( in Italian and Sicilian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,708 km² (9,926 sq. ... For other uses, see Baroque (disambiguation). ...

Even in his own lifetime Caravaggio was considered enigmatic, fascinating, rebellious and dangerous. He burst upon the Rome art scene in 1600, and thereafter never lacked for commissions or patrons, yet handled his success atrociously. An early published notice on him, dating from 1604 and describing his lifestyle some three years previously, tells how "after a fortnight's work he will swagger about for a month or two with a sword at his side and a servant following him, from one ball-court to the next, ever ready to engage in a fight or an argument, so that it is most awkward to get along with him."^[1] In 1606 he killed a young man in a brawl and fled from Rome with a price on his head. In Malta in 1608 he was involved in another brawl, and yet another in Naples in 1609, possibly a deliberate attempt on his life by unidentified enemies. By the next year, after a career of little more than a decade, he was dead.

Huge new churches and palazzi were being built in Rome in the decades of the late 16th and early 17th centuries, and paintings were needed to fill them. The Counter-Reformation Church searched for authentic religious art with which to counter the threat of Protestantism, and for this task the artificial conventions of Mannerism, which had ruled art for almost a century, no longer seemed adequate. Caravaggio's novelty was a radical naturalism which combined close physical observation with a dramatic, even theatrical, approach to chiaroscuro, the use of light and shadow. Palazzo is more broadly used in Italian than its English equivalent palace. In Italy, a palazzo is a grand building of some architectural ambition that is the headquarters of a family of some renown or of an institution, or even what the English call a block of flats. The worlds... The Counter-Reformation or the Catholic Reformation was a strong reaffirmation of the doctrine and structure of the Catholic Church, climaxing at the Council of Trent, partly in reaction to the growth of Protestantism. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Relation to other religions Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Christianity Portal This box:      Protestantism encompasses the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated with the doctrines of the Reformation. ... In Parmigianinos Madonna with the Long Neck (1534-40), Mannerism makes itself known by elongated proportions, affected poses, and unclear perspective. ... Naturalism in art refers to the depiction of realistic objects in a natural setting. ... For other use of the term, see Chiaroscuro (disambiguation). ...

Famous and extremely influential while he lived, Caravaggio was almost entirely forgotten in the centuries after his death, and it was only in the 20th century that his importance to the development of Western art was rediscovered. Yet despite this his influence on the new Baroque style which eventually emerged from the ruins of Mannerism, was profound. Andre Berne-Joffroy, Paul Valéry’s secretary, said of him: "What begins in the work of Caravaggio is, quite simply, modern painting."^[2] For other uses, see Baroque (disambiguation). ... For other people of the same name, see Valery. ...

Biography

The Crucifixion of Saint Peter, 1601. Cerasi Chapel, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome.

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (618x800, 120 KB) Summary Michelangelo Merisi, aka Caravaggio: , Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (618x800, 120 KB) Summary Michelangelo Merisi, aka Caravaggio: , Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome. ... The Crucifixion of St. ... The Cerasi Chapel (Capella Cerasi) is one of five chapels located within the Church of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome. ... The facade of Santa Maria del Popolo Santa Maria del Popolo is a notable church located in Rome. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ...

Early life (1571–1592)

Caravaggio was born in Milan^[3], where his father, Fermo Merisi, was a household administrator and architect-decorator to the Marchese of Caravaggio. His mother, Lucia Aratori, came from a propertied family of the same district. In 1576 the family moved to Caravaggio to escape a plague which ravaged Milan. Caravaggio’s father died there in 1577. It is assumed that the artist grew up in Caravaggio, but his family kept up connections with the Sforzas and with the powerful Colonna family, who were allied by marriage with the Sforzas, and destined to play a major role in Caravaggio's later life.^[4] In 1584 he was apprenticed for four years to the Lombard painter Simone Peterzano, described in the contract of apprenticeship as a pupil of Titian. Caravaggio appears to have stayed in the Milan-Caravaggio area after his apprenticeship ended, but it is possible that he visited Venice and saw the works of Giorgione, whom he was later accused of aping, and of Titian. Certainly he would have become familiar with the art treasures of Milan, including Leonardo da Vinci’s Last Supper, and with the regional Lombard art, a style which valued "simplicity and attention to naturalistic detail"^[5] and was closer to the naturalism of Germany than to the stylised formality and grandeur of Roman Mannerism. For other uses, see Milan (disambiguation). ... Caravaggio is a small town (14,000 inhabitants) located in the province of Bergamo (North Italy), 40 chilometres East from Milan. ... Sforza was a ruling family of Renaissance Italy, based in Milan. ... The Colonna family was a powerful noble family in medieval and renaissance Rome, supplying one pope and many other leaders, and fighting with their rivals the Orsini family for influence. ... Pietà, church of San Fedele, Milan. ... Also see: Titian (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Venice (disambiguation). ... A purported self-portrait of Giorgione, represented in the guise of David. ... “Da Vinci” redirects here. ... This article is about the painting by Leonardo da Vinci. ... Naturalism in art refers to the depiction of realistic objects in a natural setting. ... In Parmigianinos Madonna with the Long Neck (1534-40), Mannerism makes itself known by elongated proportions, affected poses, and unclear perspective. ...

Rome (1592–1600)

Boy with a Basket of Fruit, c. 1593. Oil on canvas, 67 x 53 cm. Galleria Borghese, Rome.

In mid-1592 Caravaggio arrived in Rome, “naked and extremely needy ... without fixed address and without provision ... short of money.”^[6] A few months later he was performing hack-work for the highly successful Giuseppe Cesari, Pope Clement VIII’s favourite painter, “painting flowers and fruit”^[7] in his factory-like workshop. Known works from this period include a small Boy Peeling a Fruit (his earliest known painting), a Boy with a Basket of Fruit, and the Young Sick Bacchus, supposedly a self-portrait done during convalescence from a serious illness that ended his employment with Cesari. All three demonstrate the physical particularity — one aspect of his realism — for which Caravaggio was to become renowned: the fruit-basket-boy’s produce has been analysed by a professor of horticulture, who was able to identify individual cultivars right down to "... a large fig leaf with a prominent fungal scorch lesion resembling anthracnose (Glomerella cingulata)."^[8] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x2069, 281 KB) Description: Title: de: Knabe mit Fruchtkorb Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 70 × 67 cm Country of origin: de: Italien Current location (city): de: Rom Current location (gallery): de: Galleria Borghese Other notes: Source: The Yorck Project... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x2069, 281 KB) Description: Title: de: Knabe mit Fruchtkorb Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 70 × 67 cm Country of origin: de: Italien Current location (city): de: Rom Current location (gallery): de: Galleria Borghese Other notes: Source: The Yorck Project... Boy with a Basket of Fruit, c. ... The Villa Borghese Pinciana (begun 1605) houses the Galleria Borghese. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... Giuseppe Cesari (c. ... Pope Clement VIII (Fano, Italy, February 24, 1536 – March 3, 1605 in Rome), born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was Pope from January 30, 1592 to March 3, 1605. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Boy with a Basket of Fruit, c. ... The painting of a Young Sick Bacchus (1599-1600) is an early painting, likely an accurate self-portrait, by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, located in the Galleria Borghese in Rome. ... Butternut canker is a a lethal disease of Butternut trees, and has no cure. ...

Caravaggio left Cesari in January 1594, determined to make his own way. His fortunes were at their lowest ebb, yet it was now that he forged some extremely important friendships, with the painter Prospero Orsi, the architect Onorio Longhi, and the sixteen year old Sicilian artist Mario Minniti. Orsi, established in the profession, introduced him to influential collectors; Longhi, more balefully, introduced him to the world of Roman street-brawls; and Minniti served as a model and, years later, would be instrumental in helping Caravaggio to important commissions in Sicily.^[9] The Fortune Teller, his first composition with more than one figure, shows Mario being cheated by a gypsy girl. The theme was quite new for Rome, and proved immensely influential over the next century and beyond. This, however, was in the future: at the time, Caravaggio sold it for practically nothing. The Cardsharps — showing another unsophisticated boy falling the victim of card cheats — is even more psychologically complex, and perhaps Caravaggio’s first true masterpiece. Like the Fortune Teller it was immensely popular, and over 50 copies survive. More importantly, it attracted the patronage of Cardinal Francesco Maria Del Monte, one of the leading connoisseurs in Rome. For Del Monte and his wealthy art-loving circle Caravaggio executed a number of intimate chamber-pieces — The Musicians, The Lute Player, a tipsy Bacchus, an allegorical but realistic Boy Bitten by a Lizard — featuring Minniti and other boy models.^[10] The possibly homoerotic ambience of these paintings has been the centre of considerable dispute amongst scholars and biographers since it was first raised in the later half of the 20th century.^[11] Onorio Longhi (1568 - 1619) was an Italian architect, the father of Martino Longhi the Younger and the son of Martino Longhi the Elder. ... Sicily ( in Italian and Sicilian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,708 km² (9,926 sq. ... The Five Signs, workshop of Mario Minniti, showing characteristic Caravaggistic chiaroscuro and use of colour. ... The Fortune Teller is a painting by Italian Baroque master Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. ... Cardsharps, Caravaggio, ca. ... The Fortune Teller is a painting by Italian Baroque master Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. ... For other uses, see Cardinal (disambiguation). ... Francesco Maria Del Monte (5 July 1549 - 27 August 1627, full name Francesco Maria Bourbon Del Monte) was a leading prelate of the Catholic Church, diplomat and connoisseur of the arts. ... The Musicians (c. ... The Lute Player is a painting by the Italian Baroque master Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. ... Bacchus (c. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

The Cardsharps, c. 1594. Oil on canvas, 107 x 99 cm. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, Texas.

The realism returned with Caravaggio’s first paintings on religious themes, and the emergence of remarkable spirituality. The first of these was the Penitent Magdalene, showing Mary Magdalene at the moment when she has turned from her life as a courtesan and sits weeping on the floor, her jewels scattered around her. “It seemed not a religious painting at all ... a girl sitting on a low wooden stool drying her hair ... Where was the repentance ... suffering ... promise of salvation?”^[12] It was understated, in the Lombard manner, not histrionic in the Roman manner of the time. It was followed by others in the same style: Saint Catherine, Martha and Mary Magdalene, Judith Beheading Holofernes, a Sacrifice of Isaac, a Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy, and a Rest on the Flight into Egypt. The works, while viewed by a comparatively limited circle, increased Caravaggio's fame with both connoisseurs and his fellow-artists. But a true reputation would depend on public commissions, and for these it was necessary to look to the Church. Image File history File links The_Cardsharps. ... Image File history File links The_Cardsharps. ... Cardsharps, Caravaggio, ca. ... The Kimbell Art Museum is situated in the Cultural District of Fort Worth, Texas. ... Fort Worth is the sixth-largest city in the state of Texas, located about 30 miles west of Dallas on the West Fork Trinity River and forming part of the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex. ... For other uses, see Texas (disambiguation). ... Penitent Magdalene, also known as Mary Magdalene, is a painting by the Italian Baroque master Caravaggio, circa 1597. ... This article is about the disciple of Jesus. ... Saint Catherine of Alexandria (c. ... Martha and Mary Magdalene (c. ... The painting of Judith Beheading Holofernes is an early religious work by the Italian painter Caravaggio, painted in 1598-1599. ... The Sacrifice of Isaac is the title of two paintings by the Italian master Caravaggio (1571-1610). ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The Rest on the Flight to Egypt[1]is an early Roman painting (1598-99) by Caravaggio in the Galleria Doria-Pamphilj, On the Via del Corso, not far from the ubiquitously visible Monument to Victor Emanuelle II in Rome. ...

'Most famous painter in Rome' (1600–1606)

The Calling of Saint Matthew. 1599-1600. Oil on canvas, 322 x 340 cm. Contarelli Chapel, San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome. The beam of light, which enters the picture from the direction of a real window, expresses in the blink of an eye the conversion of St Matthew, the hinge on which his destiny will turn, with no flying angels, parting clouds or other artifacts.

In 1599, presumably through the influence of Del Monte, Caravaggio contracted to decorate the Contarelli Chapel in the church of San Luigi dei Francesi. The two works making up the commission, the Martyrdom of Saint Matthew and Calling of Saint Matthew, delivered in 1600, were an immediate sensation. Caravaggio’s tenebrism (a heightened chiaroscuro) brought high drama to his subjects, while his acutely observed realism brought a new level of emotional intensity. Opinion among Caravaggio’s artist peers was polarized. Some denounced him for various perceived failings, notably his insistence on painting from life, without drawings, but for the most part he was hailed as the saviour of art: "The painters then in Rome were greatly taken by this novelty, and the young ones particularly gathered around him, praised him as the unique imitator of nature, and looked on his work as miracles."^[13] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1060x1001, 129 KB)The Calling of St. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1060x1001, 129 KB)The Calling of St. ... The Calling of Saint Matthew is a masterpiece by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio completed in 1599-1600 for the Contarelli Chapel in the church of the French congregation, San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome. ... The Contarelli Chapel in the mid 16th century by the French cardinal Mathieu Cointreau (Matteo Contarelli in his adopted Italian) and is in the church of San Luigi dei Francesi the French national church in Rome, Italy. ... San Luigi dei Francesi is a church of Rome, not far from Piazza Navona. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... The Contarelli Chapel in the mid 16th century by the French cardinal Mathieu Cointreau (Matteo Contarelli in his adopted Italian) and is in the church of San Luigi dei Francesi the French national church in Rome, Italy. ... San Luigi dei Francesi is a church of Rome, not far from Piazza Navona. ... The Martyrdom of Saint Matthew (1599-1600) [1] is a painting by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, located in the Contarelli chapel of the church of the French congregation San Luigi Dei Francesi in Rome, Italy. ... The Calling of Saint Matthew is a masterpiece by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio completed in 1599-1600 for the Contarelli Chapel in the church of the French congregation, San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome. ... From the Italian tenebroso (murky), tenebrism is a style of painting using violent contrasts of light and dark, as in the work of Caravaggio. ... For other use of the term, see Chiaroscuro (disambiguation). ...

Death of the Virgin. 1601 - 1606. Oil on canvas, 396 x 245 cm. Louvre, Paris.

Caravaggio went on to secure a string of prestigious commissions for religious works featuring violent struggles, grotesque decapitations, torture and death. For the most part each new painting increased his fame, but a few were rejected by the various bodies for whom they were intended, at least in their original forms, and had to be re-painted or find new buyers. The essence of the problem was that while Caravaggio’s dramatic intensity was appreciated, his realism was seen by some as unacceptably vulgar.^[14] His first version of Saint Matthew and the Angel, featured the saint as a bald peasant with dirty legs attended by a lightly-clad over-familiar boy-angel, was rejected and had to be repainted as The Inspiration of Saint Matthew. Similarly, The Conversion of Saint Paul was rejected, and while another version of the same subject, the Conversion on the Way to Damascus, was accepted, it featured the saint’s horse’s haunches far more prominently than the saint himself, prompting this exchange between the artist and an exasperated official of Santa Maria del Popolo: “Why have you put a horse in the middle, and Saint Paul on the ground?” “Because!” “Is the horse God?” “No, but he stands in God’s light!”^[15] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1576x2399, 192 KB) Description: Title: de: Tod Mariä Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 369 × 245 cm Country of origin: de: Italien Current location (city): de: Paris Current location (gallery): de: Musée du Louvre Other notes: de: Auftraggeber: Laertino... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1576x2399, 192 KB) Description: Title: de: Tod Mariä Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 369 × 245 cm Country of origin: de: Italien Current location (city): de: Paris Current location (gallery): de: Musée du Louvre Other notes: de: Auftraggeber: Laertino... The Death of the Virgin (1606) is a masterwork completed by Caravaggio. ... This article is about the museum. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... Saint Matthew and the Angel (1602) is a painting from the Italian master Caravaggio (1571-1610), completed for the Contarelli Chapel in the church of San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome. ... The Inspiration of Saint Matthew (1602) was painted by Caravaggio for a chapel dedicated to the namesake of the French Cardinal Matteo Contarelli. ... The Conversion of Saint Paul (or Conversion of Saul), by the Italian painter Caravaggio, is housed in the Odescalchi Balbi Collection of Rome. ... The conversion on the way to Damascus, Cerasi chapel, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome. ... The facade of Santa Maria del Popolo Santa Maria del Popolo is a notable church located in Rome. ... Paul of Tarsus (b. ...

Other works included Entombment, the Madonna di Loreto (Madonna of the Pilgrims), the Grooms' Madonna, and the Death of the Virgin. The history of these last two paintings illustrate the reception given to some of Caravaggio's art, and the times in which he lived. The Grooms' Madonna, also known as Madonna dei palafrenieri, painted for a small altar in Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome, remained there for just two days, and was then taken off. A cardinal's secretary wrote: "In this painting there are but vulgarity, sacrilege, impiousness and disgust...One would say it is a work made by a painter that can paint well, but of a dark spirit, and who has been for a lot of time far from God, from His adoration, and from any good thought..." The Death of the Virgin, then, commissioned in 1601 by a wealthy jurist for his private chapel in the new Carmelite church of Santa Maria della Scala, was rejected by the Carmelites in 1606. Caravaggio's contemporary Giulio Mancini records that it was rejected because Caravaggio had used a well-known prostitute as his model for the Virgin;^[16] Giovanni Baglione, another contemporary, tells us it was due to Mary's bare legs^[17] —a matter of decorum in either case. Caravaggio scholar John Gash suggests that the problem for the Carmelites may have been theological rather than aesthetic, in that Caravaggio's version fails to assert the doctrine of the Assumption of Mary, the idea that the Mother of God did not die in any ordinary sense but was assumed into Heaven. The replacement altarpiece commissioned (from one of Caravaggio's most able followers, Carlo Saraceni), showed the Virgin not dead, as Caravaggio had painted her, but seated and dying; and even this was rejected, and replaced with a work which showed the Virgin not dying, but ascending into Heaven with choirs of angels. In any case, the rejection did not mean that Caravaggio or his paintings were out of favour. The Death of the Virgin was no sooner taken out of the church than it was purchased by the Duke of Mantua, on the advice of Rubens, and later acquired by Charles I of England before entering the French royal collection in 1671. The Entombment of Christ or Deposition from the Cross (1602-1603) is a masterwork completed by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, and originally located in [Santa Maria in Vallicella], a church buit for St Phillip Neri, and adjacent to his Oratory building. ... Madonna di Loreto (in Italian, Madonna dei Pellegrini or pilgrims) is a famous painting (1604) by Caravaggio in the Cavalletti Chapel of the church of San Agostino in Rome. ... The Madonna and Child with St. ... The Death of the Virgin (1606) is a masterwork completed by Caravaggio. ... The Madonna and Child with St. ... The Madonna and Child with St. ... The Death of the Virgin (1606) is a masterwork completed by Caravaggio. ... Giulio Mancini (1558 - 1630) was a noted physician, art collector and writer on a range of subjects. ... Sacred Love Versus Profane Love (1602-1603). ... The Assumption has been a subject of Christian art for centuries. ... Carlo Saraceni (c. ... Peter Paul Rubens (June 28, 1577 – May 30, 1640) was a prolific seventeenth-century Flemish and European painter, and a proponent of an exuberant Baroque style that emphasized movement, color, and sensuality. ... Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, King of Scots and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. ...

Amor Vincit Omnia. 1602 - 1603. Oil on canvas. 156 x 113 cm. Gemäldegalerie, Berlin. Caravaggio shows Cupid prevailing over all human endeavors: war, music, science, government.

One secular piece from these years is Amor Victorious, painted in 1602 for Vincenzo Giustiniani, a member of Del Monte’s circle. The model was named in a memoir of the early 17th century as "Cecco", the diminutive for Francesco. He is possibly Francesco Boneri, identified with an artist active in the period 1610-1625 and known as Cecco del Caravaggio ('Caravaggio's Cecco'),^[18] carrying a bow and arrows and trampling symbols of the warlike and peaceful arts and sciences underfoot. He is unclothed, and it is difficult to accept this grinning urchin as the Roman god Cupid – as difficult as it was to accept Caravaggio’s other semi-clad adolescents as the various angels he painted in his canvases, wearing much the same stage-prop wings. The point, however, is the intense yet ambiguous reality of the work: it is simultaneously Cupid and Cecco, as Caravaggio’s Virgins were simultaneously the Mother of Christ and the Roman courtesans who modeled for them. Download high resolution version (871x1190, 149 KB) The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... Download high resolution version (871x1190, 149 KB) The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... Amor Vincit Omnia (meaning Love Conquers All, known in English by a variety of names including Amor Victorious, Victorious Cupid, Love Triumphant, Love Victorious, or Earthly Love) is a painting by the Baroque artist Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571-1610), currently in the Gemäldegalerie (Berlin). ... The Gemäldegalerie is one of the worlds leading collections of European art from the 13th to 18th century. ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... This article is about the Roman god. ... Amor Vincit Omnia (meaning Love Conquers All, known in English by a variety of names including Amor Victorious, Victorious Cupid, Love Triumphant, Love Victorious, or Earthly Love) is a painting by the Baroque artist Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571-1610), currently in the Gemäldegalerie (Berlin). ... Marchese Vincenzo Giustiniani (13 September 1564 - 27 December 1637) was an aristocratic Italian banker, art collector and intellectual of the late 16th/early 17th centuries, known today largely for the Giustiniani art collection and for his patronage of the artist Caravaggio. ... Cecco del Caravaggio (active c. ... This article is about the Roman god. ...

Exile and death (1606–1610)

Alof de Wignacourt, 1607-–1608 Louvre, Paris

St Jerome, 1607, Valletta Co-Cathedral, Malta

The Beheading of St John, 1608, Valletta Co-Cathedral, Malta

Caravaggio led a tumultuous life. He was notorious for brawling, even in a time and place when such behavior was commonplace, and the transcripts of his police records and trial proceedings fill several pages. On 29 May 1606, he killed, possibly unintentionally, a young man named Ranuccio Tomassoni.^[19] Previously his high-placed patrons had protected him from the consequences of his escapades, but this time they could do nothing. Caravaggio, outlawed, fled to Naples. There, outside the jurisdiction of the Roman authorities and protected by the Colonna family, the most famous painter in Rome became the most famous in Naples. His connections with the Colonnas led to a stream of important church commissions, including the Madonna of the Rosary, and The Seven Works of Mercy. This article is about the museum. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3200x2173, 219 KB) Description: Title: de: Die Enthauptung Johannes des Täufers, für das Oratorium der Kathedrale San Giovanni die Cavalieri in Valletta Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 361 × 520 cm Country of origin: de: Italien Current location... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3200x2173, 219 KB) Description: Title: de: Die Enthauptung Johannes des Täufers, für das Oratorium der Kathedrale San Giovanni die Cavalieri in Valletta Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 361 × 520 cm Country of origin: de: Italien Current location... is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 27 - The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators begins ending in their execution on January 31 May 17 - Supporters of Vasili Shusky invade the Kremlin and kill Premier Dmitri December 26 - Shakespeares King Lear performed in court Storm buries a village of St Ismails near... Location of the city of Naples (red dot) within Italy. ... The Madonna of the Rosary is a painting finished in 1607 by the Italian Baroque painter Caravaggio. ... The Seven Works of Mercy is an oil painting by Italian painter Caravaggio, circa 1607. ...

Despite his success in Naples, after only a few months in the city Caravaggio left for Malta, the headquarters of the Knights of Malta, presumably hoping that the patronage of Alof de Wignacourt, Grand Master of the Knights, could help him secure a pardon for Tomassoni's death. De Wignacourt proved so impressed at having the famous artist as official painter to the Order that he inducted him as a knight, and the early biographer Bellori records that the artist was well pleased with his success. Major works from his Malta period include a huge Beheading of Saint John the Baptist (the only painting to which he put his signature) and a Portrait of Alof de Wignacourt and his Page, as well as portraits of other leading knights. Yet by late August of 1608 he was arrested and imprisoned. The circumstances surrounding this abrupt change of fortune have long been a matter of speculation, but recent investigation has revealed it to have been the result of yet another brawl, during which the door of a house was battered down and a knight seriously wounded.^[20] By December he had been expelled from the Order "as a foul and rotten member."^[21] The Knights Hospitaller (also known as Knights of Rhodes, Knights of Malta, Cavaliers of Malta, and the Order of St. ... Alof de Wignacourt was Grand Master of the Knights Hospitallers of St. ... The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist is a painting finished 1608 by the Italian Baroque painter Caravaggio. ... Portrait of Alof de Wignacourt with his Page (c. ...

The Raising of Lazarus (1609), Museo Regionale Uffici, Messina.

Before the expulsion Caravaggio had escaped to Sicily and the company of his old friend Mario Minniti, who was now married and living in Syracuse. Together they set off on what amounted to a triumphal tour from Syracuse to Messina and on to the island capital, Palermo. In each city Caravaggio continued to win prestigious and well-paid commissions. Among other works from this period are a Burial of St. Lucy, a The Raising of Lazarus, and an Adoration of the Shepherds. His style continued to evolve, showing now friezes of figures isolated against vast empty backgrounds. "His great Sicilian altarpieces isolate their shadowy, pitifully poor figures in vast areas of darkness; they suggest the desperate fears and frailty of man, and at the same time convey, with a new yet desolate tenderness, the beauty of humility and of the meek, who shall inherit the earth."^[22] Contemporary reports depict a man whose behaviour was becoming increasingly bizarre, sleeping fully armed and in his clothes, ripping up a painting at a slight word of criticism, mocking the local painters.^[23] The Raising of Lazarus is a painting by the Italian artist Caravaggio. ... Messina, Italy Strait of Messina, Italy. ... Sicily ( in Italian and Sicilian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,708 km² (9,926 sq. ... Syracuse (Italian, Siracusa, ancient Syracusa - see also List of traditional Greek place names) is a city on the eastern coast of Sicily and the capital of the province of Syracuse, Italy. ... Messina, Italy Strait of Messina, Italy. ... Location of the city of Palermo (red dot) within Italy. ... The Burial of St. ... The Raising of Lazarus is a painting by the Italian artist Caravaggio. ... The Adoration of the Shepherds is a painting by the Italian artist Caravaggio. ...

After only nine months in Sicily Caravaggio returned to Naples. According to his earliest biographer he was being pursued by enemies while in Sicily and felt it safest to place himself under the protection of the Colonnas until he could secure his pardon from the pope (now Paul V) and return to Rome.^[24] In Naples he painted The Denial of Saint Peter, a final John the Baptist (Borghese), and, his last picture, The Martyrdom of Saint Ursula. His style continued to evolve — Saint Ursula is caught in a moment of highest action and drama, as the arrow fired by the king of the Huns strikes her in the breast, unlike earlier paintings which had all the immobility of the posed models. The brushwork was much freer and more impressionistic. Had Caravaggio lived, something new would have come. Painting of Pope Paul V by Caravaggio Paul V, né Camillo Borghese (Rome, September 17, 1550 - January 28, 1621) was Pope from May 16, 1605 until his death. ... The Denial of Saint Peter is a painting finished around 1610 by the Italian painter Caravaggio. ... John the Baptist (sometimes called John in the Wilderness) was the subject of at least eight paintings by the Italian Baroque artist Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571-1610). ... The Martyrdom of Saint Ursula, 1610, in the Banca Commerciale Italiana, Naples, is a painting by the Italian artist Caravaggio (1571-1610). ... Saint Ursula on the coat-of-arms of British Virgin Islands Ursula (small female bear in Latin) is a British Christian saint. ... For other uses, see Hun (disambiguation). ...

The Denial of Saint Peter, c. 1610. Oil on canvas, 94 x 125 cm. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. In the chiaroscuro a woman points two fingers at Peter while a soldier points a third. Caravaggio tells the story of Peter denying Christ three times with this symbolism.

In Naples an attempt was made on his life, by persons unknown. At first it was reported in Rome that the "famous artist" Caravaggio was dead, but then it was learned that he was alive, but seriously disfigured in the face. He painted a Salome with the Head of John the Baptist (Madrid), showing his own head on a platter, and sent it to de Wignacourt as a plea for forgiveness. Perhaps at this time he painted also a David with the Head of Goliath, showing the young David with a strangely sorrowful expression gazing on the wounded head of the giant, which is again Caravaggio's. This painting he may have sent to the unscrupulous art-loving cardinal-nephew Scipione Borghese, who had the power to grant or withhold pardons.^[25] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1030x764, 130 KB) Summary Permission from www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1030x764, 130 KB) Summary Permission from www. ... The Denial of Saint Peter is a painting finished around 1610 by the Italian painter Caravaggio. ... Metropolitan Museum of Art New York Elevation The Metropolitan Museum of Art, often referred to simply as the Met, is one of the worlds largest and most important art museums. ... This article is about the state. ... For other use of the term, see Chiaroscuro (disambiguation). ... Salome with the Head of John the Baptist (Madrid), c. ... David with the Head of Goliath is a painting finished around 1609-1610 by the Italian Baroque painter Caravaggio. ... Cardinal Scipione Borghese (1576-1633) was an Italian Renaissance art collector and member of the noble Borghese family. ...

In the summer of 1610 he took a boat northwards to receive the pardon, which seemed imminent thanks to his powerful Roman friends. With him were three last paintings, gifts for Cardinal Scipione.^[26] What happened next is the subject of much confusion and conjecture. The bare facts are that on 28 July an anonymous avviso (private newsletter) from Rome to the ducal court of Urbino reported that Caravaggio was dead. Three days later another avviso said that he had died of fever. These were the earliest, brief accounts of his death, which later underwent much elaboration. No body was found.^[27] A poet friend of the artist later gave 18 July as the date of death, and a recent researcher claims to have discovered a death notice showing that the artist died on that day of a fever in Porto Ercole,^[28] near Grosseto in Tuscany. is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Grosseto is a town and comune in the central Italian region of Tuscany, the capital of the Province of Grosseto. ... For other uses, see Tuscany (disambiguation). ...

Caravaggio the artist

The birth of Baroque

The Taking of Christ, 1602. National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin. Caravaggio's application of the chiaroscuro technique shows through on the faces and armour notwithstanding the lack of a visible shaft of light. The figure on the extreme right is a self portrait.

Caravaggio “put the oscuro (shadows) into chiaroscuro.”^[29] Chiaroscuro was practiced long before he came on the scene, but it was Caravaggio who made the technique definitive, darkening the shadows and transfixing the subject in a blinding shaft of light. With this came the acute observation of physical and psychological reality which formed the ground both for his immense popularity and for his frequent problems with his religious commissions. He worked at great speed, from live models, scoring basic guides directly onto the canvas with the end of the brush handle. The approach was anathema to the skilled artists of his day, who decried his refusal to work from drawings and to idealise his figures. Yet the models were basic to his realism. Some have been identified, including Mario Minniti and Francesco Boneri, both fellow-artists, Mario appearing as various figures in the early secular works, the young Francesco as a succession of angels, Baptists and Davids in the later canvasses. His female models include Fillide Melandroni, Anna Bianchini, and Maddalena Antognetti (the "Lena" mentioned in court documents of the "artichoke" case^[30] as Caravaggio's concubine), all well-known prostitutes, who appear as female religious figures including the Virgin and various saints.^[31] Caravaggio himself appears in several paintings, his final self-portrait being as the witness on the far right to the Martyrdom of Saint Ursula.^[32] The Taking of Christ (1602) by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio File links The following pages link to this file: The Taking of Christ ... The Taking of Christ (1602) by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio File links The following pages link to this file: The Taking of Christ ... The Taking of Christ was painted in 1602 by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1573–1610). ... The National Gallery of Ireland houses the Irish national collection of Irish and European art. ... For other uses, see Dublin (disambiguation). ... For other use of the term, see Chiaroscuro (disambiguation). ... For other use of the term, see Chiaroscuro (disambiguation). ... The Five Signs, workshop of Mario Minniti, showing characteristic Caravaggistic chiaroscuro and use of colour. ... Cecco del Caravaggio (active c. ... Portrait of a Courtesan (also known as Portrait of Fillide) was a painting by the Baroque master Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571-1610). ... Martha and Mary Magdalene (c. ... The Martyrdom of Saint Ursula, 1610, in the Banca Commerciale Italiana, Naples, is a painting by the Italian artist Caravaggio (1571-1610). ...

Supper at Emmaus, 1601. Oil on canvas, 139 x 195 cm. National Gallery, London.

Caravaggio had a noteworthy ability to express in one scene of unsurpassed vividness the passing of a crucial moment. The Supper at Emmaus depicts the recognition of Christ by his disciples: a moment before he is a fellow traveler, mourning the passing of the Messiah, as he never ceases to be to the inn-keeper’s eyes, the second after, he is the Saviour. In The Calling of St Matthew, the hand of the Saint points to himself as if he were saying “who, me?”, while his eyes, fixed upon the figure of Christ, have already said, “Yes, I will follow you”. With The Resurrection of Lazarus, he goes a step further, giving us a glimpse of the actual physical process of resurrection. The body of Lazarus is still in the throes of rigor mortis, but his hand, facing and recognizing that of Christ, is alive. Other major Baroque artists would travel the same path, for example Bernini, fascinated with themes from Ovid’s Metamorphoses. Image File history File links Caravaggio. ... Image File history File links Caravaggio. ... The Supper at Emmaus by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio is a masterpiece painted in 1601, and now in the National Gallery in London. ... Londons National Gallery, founded in 1824, houses a rich collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900 in its home on Trafalgar Square. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The Supper at Emmaus by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio is a masterpiece painted in 1601, and now in the National Gallery in London. ... The Calling of Saint Matthew is a masterpiece by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio completed in 1599-1600 for the Contarelli Chapel in the church of the French congregation, San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome. ... The Raising of Lazarus, c. ... A self portrait: Bernini is said to have used his own features in the David (below, left) Gian Lorenzo Bernini (Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini) (December 7, 1598 - November 28, 1680), who worked chiefly in Rome, was the pre-eminent baroque artist. ... // Cover of George Sandyss 1632 edition of Ovids Metamorphosis Englished The Metamorphoses by the Roman poet Ovid is a poem in fifteen books that describes the creation and history of the world in terms according to Greek and Roman points of view. ...

The Caravaggisti

Judith Beheading Holofernes 1598-1599. Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Rome.

The installation of the St. Matthew paintings in the Contarelli Chapel had an immediate impact among the younger artists in Rome, and Caravaggism became the cutting edge for every ambitious young painter. The first Caravaggisti included Giovanni Baglione (although his Caravaggio phase was short-lived) and Orazio Gentileschi. In the next generation there were Carlo Saraceni, Bartolomeo Manfredi and Orazio Borgianni. Gentileschi, despite being considerably older, was the only one of these artists to live much beyond 1620, and ended up as court painter to Charles I in England. His daughter Artemisia Gentileschi was also close to Caravaggio, and one of the most gifted of the movement. Yet in Rome and in Italy it was not Caravaggio, but the influence of Annibale Carraci, blending elements from the High Renaissance and Lombard realism, which ultimately triumphed. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1075x788, 108 KB) Judith Beheading Holofernes by Caravaggio (c. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1075x788, 108 KB) Judith Beheading Holofernes by Caravaggio (c. ... The painting of Judith Beheading Holofernes is an early religious work by the Italian painter Caravaggio, painted in 1598-1599. ... The Galleria Nazionale dArte Antica, or National Gallery of Ancient Art, is an art gallery in Rome, Italy, located on two sites: the Palazzo Barberini and the Palazzo Corsini. ... Sacred Love Versus Profane Love (1602-1603). ... Orazio Gentileschi was an Italian painter. ... Carlo Saraceni (c. ... Bartolomeo Manfredi (born Ostiano, near Mantua, baptised 25 August, 1582 - died Rome 12 December, 1622) was an Italian artist, a leading member of the Caravaggisti (followers of Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio) of the early 16th century. ... Orazio Borgiannis St. ... Self-portrait (1630s) Artemisia Gentileschi (July 8, 1593 - 1653) was an Italian Early Baroque painter, today considered one of the most accomplished painters in the generation influenced by Caravaggio (Caravaggisti). ... The Flight into Egypt (1603) Annibale Carracci (Bologna, November 3, 1560 - Rome, July 15, 1609 was a prominent Italian Baroque painter. ... The Creation of Adam, Michelangelos work in the Sistine Chapel. ...

Caravaggio’s brief stay in Naples produced a notable school of Neapolitan Caravaggisti, including Battistello Caracciolo and Carlo Sellitto. The Caravaggisti movement there ended with a terrible outbreak of plague in 1656, but the Spanish connection – Naples was a possession of Spain – was instrumental in forming the important Spanish branch of his influence. Giovanni Battista Caracciolo, called Battistello, 1578 - 1635, was an Italian artist and important Neapolitan follower of Caravaggio. ... St John the Baptist, 1601. ...

A group of Catholic artists from Utrecht, the "Utrecht Caravaggisti", travelled to Rome as students in the first years of the 17th century and were profoundly influenced by the work of Caravaggio, as Bellori describes. On their return to the north this trend had a short-lived but influential flowering in the 1620s among painters like Hendrick ter Brugghen, Gerrit van Honthorst, Andries Both and Dirck van Baburen. In the following generation the effects of Caravaggio, although attenuated, are to be seen in the work of Rubens (who purchased one of his paintings for the Gonzaga of Mantua and painted a copy of the Entombment of Christ), Vermeer, Rembrandt, and Velazquez, the last of whom presumably saw his work during his various sojourns in Italy. Utrecht ( (help· info)) is a municipality and the capital city of the Dutch province of Utrecht. ... Prometheus Being Chained by Vulcan by Dirck van Baburen (1623) Oil on canvas, 202 x 184 cm. ... Hendrick ter Brugghen, Flute Player (1621) Hendrick Jansz ter Brugghen, or Terbrugghen, (c. ... Gerhard van Honthorst (1590 - 1656), also known as Gherardo della Notte, was a Dutch painter of Utrecht. ... Andries Both (1612/13, Utrecht - 1641, Venice) Dutch painter, brother of Jan Dirksz Both. ... Prometheus Being Chained by Vulcan by Dirck van Baburen (1623) Oil on canvas, 202 x 184 cm. ... Peter Paul Rubens (June 28, 1577 – May 30, 1640) was a prolific seventeenth-century Flemish and European painter, and a proponent of an exuberant Baroque style that emphasized movement, color, and sensuality. ... The Entombment of Christ or Deposition from the Cross (1602-1603) is a masterwork completed by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, and originally located in [Santa Maria in Vallicella], a church buit for St Phillip Neri, and adjacent to his Oratory building. ... View of Delft, 1660-1661 Johannes Vermeer (1632 - December 15, 1675) was a Dutch painter. ... This article is about the Dutch painter. ... Las Meninas, painted in 1656. ...

Death and rebirth of a reputation

The Entombment of Christ (1602-1603). Pinacoteca Vaticana.

Caravaggio’s fame scarcely survived his death. His innovations inspired the Baroque, but the Baroque took the drama of his chiaroscuro without the psychological realism. He directly influenced the style of his companion Orazio Gentileschi, and his daughter Artemisia Gentileschi, and, at a distance, the Frenchmen Georges de La Tour and Simon Vouet, and the Spaniard Giuseppe Ribera. Yet within a few decades his works were being ascribed to less scandalous artists, or simply overlooked. The Baroque, to which he contributed so much, had moved on, and fashions had changed, but perhaps more pertinently Caravaggio never established a workshop as the Carraci's did, and thus had no school to spread his techniques. Nor did he ever set out his underlying philosophical approach to art, the psychological realism which can only be deduced from his surviving work. Thus his reputation was doubly vulnerable to the critical demolition-jobs done by two of his earliest biographers, Giovanni Baglione, a rival painter with a personal vendetta, and the influential 17th century critic Giovan Bellori, who had not known him but was under the influence of the French Classicist Poussin, who had not known him either but hated his work.^[33] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1576x2357, 219 KB) Description: Title: de: Grablegung Christi Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 300 × 203 cm Country of origin: de: Italien Current location (city): de: Rom Current location (gallery): de: Pinacoteca Vaticana Other notes: de: Urspr. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1576x2357, 219 KB) Description: Title: de: Grablegung Christi Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 300 × 203 cm Country of origin: de: Italien Current location (city): de: Rom Current location (gallery): de: Pinacoteca Vaticana Other notes: de: Urspr. ... The Entombment of Christ or Deposition from the Cross (1602-1603) is a masterwork completed by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, and originally located in [Santa Maria in Vallicella], a church buit for St Phillip Neri, and adjacent to his Oratory building. ... Entrance to the museum The Vatican Museums (Musei Vaticani) are the public art and sculpture museums in the Vatican City, which display works from the extensive collection of the Roman Catholic Church. ... Orazio Gentileschi was an Italian painter. ... Self-portrait (1630s) Artemisia Gentileschi (July 8, 1593 - 1653) was an Italian Early Baroque painter, today considered one of the most accomplished painters in the generation influenced by Caravaggio (Caravaggisti). ... St Joseph, 1642, Louvre Georges de La Tour (March 13, 1593–1652) was a painter from the Duchy of Lorraine, now in France. ... Vouets allegory La Richesse was painted ca 1640 for one of the royal chateaux of France (Louvre) Simon Vouet (1590 - 1649) was the French painter and draftsman who introduced the Italian Baroque style to France. ... Penitent Saint Peter by Giuseppe Ribera Giuseppe Ribera (January 12, 1591 - 1652) was the name given in Italian to Jusepe (de) Ribera or José (de) Ribera, also called Lo Spagnoletto, or the Little Spaniard, a leading painter of the Neapolitan or partly of the Spanish school, who was born near... Giovanni Baglione, 1566-1643, was an early baroque painter and historian of art in Rome, known for his animosity towards Caravaggio. ... Giovanni Bellori was an important figure in the seventeenth century Roman artworld. ... Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for classical antiquity as setting standards for taste which the classicist seeks to emulate. ... Et in Arcadia ego by Nicolas Poussin. ...

In the 1920s art critic Roberto Longhi brought Caravaggio's name once more to public attention, and placed him in the European tradition: “Ribera, Vermeer, La Tour and Rembrandt could never have existed without him. And the art of Delacroix, Courbet and Manet would have been utterly different.”^[34] The influential Bernard Berenson agreed: “With the exception of Michelangelo, no other Italian painter exercised so great an influence.”^[35] View of Delft, 1660-1661 Johannes Vermeer (1632 - December 15, 1675) was a Dutch painter. ... Eugène Delacroix (portrait by Nadar) Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix (April 26, 1798 - August 13, 1863) was an important painter from the French romantic period. ... Gustave Courbet (portrait by Nadar) Gustave Courbet (June 10, 1819 - December 31, 1877) was a French painter. ... Édouard Manet - 19th century French painter Mobile_ad-hoc_network - A self configuring wireless network This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Bernard Berenson in the garden of his estate Villa I Tatti in 1911 Bernard Berenson (born Bernhard Valvrojenski, June 26, 1865 – October 6, 1959), was an American art historian. ... For other uses, see Michelangelo (disambiguation). ...

Modern tradition

The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist, 1608. Oratory of the co-Cathedral of St John, Valletta.

Many large museums of art, for example those in Detroit and New York, contain rooms where dozens of paintings by as many artists display the characteristic look of the work of Caravaggio — nighttime setting, dramatic lighting, ordinary people used as models, honest description from nature. In modern times, painters like the Norwegian Odd Nerdrum and the Hungarian Tibor Csernus make no secret of their attempts to emulate and update him, and the contemporary American artist Doug Ohlson pays homage to Caravaggio's influence on his own work. Filmmaker Derek Jarman turned to the Caravaggio legend when creating his movie Caravaggio; and Dutch art forger Han van Meegeren used genuine Caravaggios when creating his ersatz Old Masters. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3200x2173, 219 KB) Description: Title: de: Die Enthauptung Johannes des Täufers, für das Oratorium der Kathedrale San Giovanni die Cavalieri in Valletta Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 361 × 520 cm Country of origin: de: Italien Current location... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3200x2173, 219 KB) Description: Title: de: Die Enthauptung Johannes des Täufers, für das Oratorium der Kathedrale San Giovanni die Cavalieri in Valletta Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 361 × 520 cm Country of origin: de: Italien Current location... The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist is a painting finished 1608 by the Italian Baroque painter Caravaggio. ... Valletta (Maltese: , commonly referred to as Il-Belt - The City) is the capital city of Malta. ... Motto: Speramus Meliora; Resurget Cineribus (We Hope For Better Things; It Shall Rise From the Ashes - this motto was adopted after the disastrous 1805 fire that devastated the city) Nickname: The Motor City and Motown Location in Wayne County, Michigan Founded Incorporated July 24, 1701 1815  County Wayne County Mayor... This article is about the state. ... Early Morning, oil on canvas, 206cm x 175. ... Derek Jarman Derek Jarman (January 31, 1942 – February 19, 1994) was an English film director, stage designer, artist, and writer. ... Caravaggio (1986) is a British directed by Derek Jarman. ... Han van Meegeren (10 October 1889 in Deventer in the Netherlands province of Overijssel – 30 December 1947 in Amsterdam), born Henricus Antonius van Meegeren, was a Dutch painter, art-restorer, and art forger. ...

Only about 50 works by Caravaggio survive. One, The Calling of Saints Peter and Andrew, was recently authenticated and restored. It had been in storage in Hampton Court, mislabeled as a copy. At least a couple of his paintings have been or may have been lost in recent times. Richard Francis Burton writes of a "picture of St. Rosario (in the museum of the Grand Duke of Tuscany), showing a circle of thirty men turpiter ligati" which is not known to have survived. Furthermore, a painting of an Angel was destroyed during the bombing of Dresden, though there are black and white photographs of the work. The Calling of Saints Peter and Andrew is a painting by the Italian Baroque master Caravaggio. ... The clock tower straddles the entrance between the inner and outer courts Hampton Court Palace is a former royal place on the north bank of the River Thames in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames about 12 miles (19 km) southwest and upstream of Central London, nowadays open to... For other persons named Richard Burton, see Richard Burton (disambiguation). ... The bombing of Dresden, led by Royal Air Force (RAF) and followed by the United States Army Air Force (USAAF) between February 13 and February 15, 1945, remains one of the more controversial Allied actions of World War II. The exact number of casualties is uncertain, but most historians agree...

Chronology of major works

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio

Main article: Chronology of works by Caravaggio

The following is a list of paintings by the Italian artist Caravaggio, listed chronologically. ...

See also

• Baroque
• Western painting
• History of painting

For other uses, see Baroque (disambiguation). ... See also Western art, History of painting, History of art, Art history, Painting, Outline of painting history Jan Vermeer, Girl with a Pearl Earring, known as the Mona Lisa of the North 1665-1667 Édouard Manet, The Balcony 1868 The history of Western painting represents a continuous, though disrupted, tradition... // The history of painting reaches back in time to artifacts from pre-historic humans, and spans all cultures. ...

Footnotes

Robert Studley Forrest Hughes AO, (born July 28, 1938), who is usually known as Robert Hughes, is an art critic, writer and television documentary maker. ... Andrew Graham-Dixon read English at Oxford University and graduated in 1981 is a well-known British art critic. ... is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events March 18 - Sissinios formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia May 14 - Protestant Union founded in Auhausen. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Vincenzo Carducci (1568-1638), was born in Florence, and was trained as a painter by Bartolommeo, whom he followed to Madrid. ...

References

Primary sources

The main primary sources for Caravaggio's life are:

• Giulio Mancini's comments on Caravggio in Considerazioni sulla pittura, c.1617-1621
• Giovanni Baglione's Le vite de' pittori, 1642
• Giovanni Pietro Bellori's Le Vite de' pittori, scultori et architetti moderni, 1672

All have been reprinted in Howard Hibbard's "Caravaggio" and in the appendices to Catherine Puglisi's "Caravaggio", while Baglione's biography is available online (see External links section).

Secondary sources

• John Spike, with assistance from Michèle Kahn Spike, Caravaggio with Catalogue of Paintings on CD-ROM, Abbeville Press, New York (2001) ISBN 978-0-7892-0639-8
• Pietro Koch, Caravaggio - The Painter of Blood and Darkness, Gunther Edition, (Rome - 2004)
• John Gash, Caravaggio, Chaucer Press, (2004) ISBN 1904449220)
• Rosa Giorgi, Caravaggio: Master of light and dark - his life in paintings, Dorling Kindersley (1999) ISBN 978-0-7894-4138-6
• Howard Hibbard, Caravaggio (1983) ISBN 978-0-06-433322-1
• Helen Langdon, Caravaggio: A Life, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1999 (original UK edition 1998) ISBN 978-0-374-11894-5
• Gilles Lambert, Caravaggio, Taschen, (2000) ISBN 978-3-8228-6305-3
• Alfred Moir, The Italian Followers of Caravaggio, Harvard University Press (1967) (ISBN not available)
• Catherine Puglisi, Caravaggio, Phaidon (1998) ISBN 978-0-7148-3966-0
• Peter Robb, M, Duffy & Snellgrove, 2003 amended edition (original edition 1998) ISBN 978-1-876631-79-6
• Maurizio Calvesi, Caravaggio, Art Dossier 1986, Giunti Editori (1986) (ISBN not available)
• Walter Friedlaender, Caravaggio Studies, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1955.

John Spike John Thomas Spike (born November 8, 1951 in New York City) is an American art historian, author, and consultant, specializing in the Italian Renaissance and Baroque periods. ... Michèle Kahn Spike is an American lawyer, historian, and prominent lay figure in the Episcopalian church. ... Peter Robb is an Australian author. ... M is the title of a book by Australian author Peter Robb about the Italian painter Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. ...

External links

Biography

• Caravaggio, The Prince of the Night
• "Caravaggio CV" - life of the artist with illustrations

Articles and essays

• FBI Art Theft Notice for Caravaggio's Nativity
• Interview with Peter Robb, author of M
• Compare Rembrandt with Caravaggio.
• Caravaggio and the Camera Obscura
• Caravaggio and homoeroticism
• interview with Caravaggio biographer, Francine Prose
• Caravaggio's incisions by Ramon van de Werken

Art works

• Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio WebMuseum, Paris webpage
• Caravaggio's EyeGate Gallery

Podcasts

• smARThistory: Calling of Saint Matthew

Music [2]

For other uses , see Painting (disambiguation). ... is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 11 - Austrian nobility is granted Freedom of religion. ... For other uses, see Milan (disambiguation). ... is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events January 7 - Galileo Galilei discovers the Galilean moons of Jupiter. ... Grosseto is a town and comune in the central Italian region of Tuscany, the capital of the Province of Grosseto. ... For other uses, see Tuscany (disambiguation). ...