A carbene dye is a reactive dye based on carbenechemistry. In a reactive dye a chromophore contains a substituent that is actived and allowed to directly react to the surface of the substrate. ... In chemistry a carbene is a short-lived and highly reactive organic molecule with a divalent carbon atom with only 6 valence electrons and the general formula: R1R2C:. The carbon atom is sp2 hybridised with a empty p-orbital extending above and below a plane containing R1 and R2 and... Chemistry (in Greek: χημεία) is the science of matter that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of substances and with the transformations that they undergo. ...
A benzophenone is functionalised with a chromophore or group that can be easily converted to a chromophore at a later stage. The functionalised benzophenone is reacted with hydrazine hydrate and subsequently treatment with mercury oxide. The resulting Diazo compound is stable at room temperature. On heating, Nitrogen gas is released and the Carbene generated. The thus generated carbene reacts rapidly with substrates such as nylon, cotton, glass and polyethylene. Chromophore is a term that describes the moiety of a molecule responsible for its color. ... Hydrazine is a chemical compound with formula N2H4 used as a rocket fuel. ... ALL THIS ARE COMPETELY BULLSHIT ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The word substrate can mean the following: In biochemistry, a substrate is a molecule which is acted upon by an enzyme. ... This article covers the material nylon. ... Cotton is a soft fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant, a shrub native to the tropical and subtropical regions of both the Old World and the New World. ... The materials definition of a glass is a uniform amorphous solid material, usually produced when a suitably viscous molten material cools very rapidly, thereby not giving enough time for a regular crystal lattice to form. ... Polyethylene or polyethene is a commodity thermoplastic heavily used in consumer products (over 60M tons are produced worldwide every year). ...
The highly reactive carbene group removes the need for different Functional Groups depending on the Substrate to be dyed. For example a dye that can colour cotton would not be appropriate for dyeing polyethylene, by using a carbene, the same dye can be used for both. In ecology functional groups are collections of organisms based on morphological, physiological, behavioral, biochemical, or environmental responses or on trophic criteria. ... The word substrate can mean the following: In biochemistry, a substrate is a molecule which is acted upon by an enzyme. ...
references
A chemical method for the convenient surface functionalisation of polymers Karim M. Awenat, Philip J. Davis, Mark G. Moloney, Warren Ebenezer, Chem. Comm., 8, 2005
"A Method for the Functionalisation of Polymeric Substrates", K. Awenat, W. Ebenezer, M.G. Moloney, GB9824023 D0 (1998-12-30); WO0026180 A1 (2000-05-11); EP1124791 A1 (2001-08-22); JP2002529542 T (2002-09-10); US6699527 B1 (2004-03-02)
The dye is usually used as an aqueous solution, and may require a mordant to improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber.
Acid dyes are water-soluble anionic dyes that are applied to fibers such as silk, wool, nylon and modified acrylic fibers using neutral to acid dyebaths.
The dyes are finely ground in the presence of a dispersing agent and then sold as a paste, or spray-dried and sold as a powder.
Dyeing is the process of changing the colour of a yarn or cloth by treatment with a dye.
Fuel dyes are dyes added to fuels, as in some countries it is required by law to dye a low-tax fuel to deter its use in applications intended for higher-taxed ones.
Optical brighteners, optical brightening agents, fluorescent brightening agents or fluorescent whitening agents are dyes that absorb light in the ultraviolet and violet region of the electromagnetic spectrum, and re-emit light in the blue region.
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