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Encyclopedia > Carbon equivalent

The equivalent carbon content of a steel alloy refers to method of measuring the maximum hardness and the weldability of the alloy based on the chemical composition of the alloy. Higher concentrations of carbon and other alloying elements such as magnesium, chromium, silicon, molybdenum, vanadium, copper, and nickel tend to increase the hardness and decrease the weldability of the material. Each of these materials tends to influence the hardness and weldability of the steel to different magnitudes, however, making a method of comparison necessary to judge the difference in hardness between two alloys made of different alloying elements. The equivalent carbon content is the most common such standard, but others exist, such as the equivalent nickel content and equivalent chromium content. A commonly used formula for calculating the equivalent carbon content is: Steel framework Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon being the primary alloying material. ... An alloy is a combination, either in solution or compound, of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal, and where the resultant material has metallic properties. ... In materials science, hardness is the characteristic of a solid material expressing its resistance to permanent deformation. ... General Name, Symbol, Number magnesium, Mg, 12 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 3, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 24. ... General Name, Symbol, Number chromium, Cr, 24 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 6 (VIB), 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Atomic properties Atomic weight 51. ... General Name, Symbol, Number silicon, Si, 14 Series metalloid Group, Period, Block 14 (IVA), 3, p Density, Hardness 2330 kg/m3, 6. ... General Name, Symbol, Number molybdenum, Mo, 42 Chemical series transition metal Group, Period, Block 6 (VIB), 5, d Density, Hardness 10280 kg/m3, 5. ... General Name, Symbol, Number vanadium, V, 23 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 5 , 4, d Density, Hardness 6110 kg/m3, 7. ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11 , 4, d Density, Hardness 8920 kg/m3, 3. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nickel, Ni, 28 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10 , 4, d Density, Hardness 8908 kg/m³, 4. ...

The resulting equivalent carbon coefficient allows the alloy to be categorized alongside plain carbon steels, and have their weldability and hardness properties compared with them. Carbon steel is a metal, a combination of two elements, iron and carbon, where other elements are present in quantities too small to affect the properties. ...


References

  • Lincoln Electric (1994). The Procedure Handbook of Arc Welding. Cleveland: Lincoln Electric. ISBN 9994925822.
  • Weman, Klas (2003). Welding processes handbook. New York: CRC Press LLC. ISBN 0-8493-1773-8.

  Results from FactBites:
 
Equivalent carbon content - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (215 words)
The equivalent carbon content of a steel alloy refers to method of measuring the maximum hardness and the weldability of the alloy based on the chemical composition of the alloy.
The equivalent carbon content is the most common such standard, but others exist, such as the equivalent nickel content and the equivalent chromium content (usually used together and in conjunction with the Schaeffler-Delong diagram and considered more accurate for measuring weldability).
The resulting equivalent carbon coefficient allows the alloy to be categorized alongside plain carbon steels, and have their weldability and hardness properties compared with them.
Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States, 1999 - Carbon Dioxide Emissions (5032 words)
Since 1990, carbon dioxide emissions attributable to energy use in the transportation sector have grown annually at a rate of 1.6 percent, increasing by a total of 64.3 million metric tons carbon equivalent and representing 39.6 percent of the growth in energy-related carbon dioxide emissions from all sectors.
In 1999, it is estimated that a combined total of approximately 29.3 million metric tons carbon equivalent was emitted from international bunker fuels (26.6 million metric tons carbon equivalent) and military bunker fuels (assuming the latter was close to the 1998 estimate).
Carbon dioxide is also released during aluminum smelting, when carbon anodes (with the carbon derived from nonfuel use of fossil fuels) are vaporized in the presence of aluminum oxide.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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