Carbon nanofoam is the fifth known allotrope of carbon discovered in 1997 by Andrei V. Rode and co-workers at the Australian National University in Canberra. It consists of a low-density cluster-assembly of carbon atoms strung together in a loose three-dimensional web. The allotropes of carbon are the different molecular configurations (allotropes) that pure carbon can take. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Australian National University (ANU), is a university located in Canberra, the national capital of Australia. ... Canberra is the capital city of Australia and with a population of just over 323,000 is Australias largest inland city. ...

Each cluster is about 6 nanometers wide and consists of about 4000 carbon atoms linked in graphite-like sheets that are given negative curvature by the inclusion of heptagons among the regular hexagonal pattern. This is the opposite of what happens in the case of buckminsterfullerenes, in which carbon sheets are given positive curvature by the inclusion of pentagons. Properties An atom (Greek άτομον from ά: non and τομον: divisible) is a submicroscopic structure found in all ordinary matter. ... Graphite (named by Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1789, from the Greek γραφειν: to draw/write, for its use in pencils) is one of the allotropes of carbon. ... A heptagon is a plane figure with seven sides and seven angles. ... A regular hexagon A hexagon is a polygon with six edges and six vertices. ... Buckminsterfullerene (C60) Fullerenes are molecules composed entirely of carbon, taking the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube. ... In geometry, a pentagon is any five-sided polygon. ...

The large-scale structure of carbon nanofoam is similar to that of an aerogel, but with 1% of the density of previously produced carbon aerogels - only a few times the density of air at sea level. Unlike carbon aerogels, carbon nanofoam is a poor electrical conductor. The nanofoam contains numerous unpaired electrons, which Rode and colleagues propose is due to carbon atoms with only three bonds that are found at topological and bonding defects. This gives rise to what is perhaps carbon nanofoam's most unusual feature; it is attracted to magnets, and below -183°C can itself be made magnetic. This property of ferromagnetism has also been seen in other allotropes of carbon including fullerene subjected to high pressures and temperatures and graphite irradiated with high energy protons. A 2. ... Air is a name for the mixture of gases present in the Earths atmosphere. ... For considerations of sea level change, in particular rise associated with possible global warming, see sea level rise. ... Electrical conductivity is a measure of how well a material accommodates the transport of electric charge. ... Ferromagnetism is a phenomenon by which a material can exhibit a spontaneous magnetization, and is one of the strongest forms of magnetism. ... Fullerene C540 The Fullerenes are a recently discovered allotrope of carbon (the best known being diamond and graphite). ... Graphite (named by Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1789, from the Greek γραφειν: to draw/write, for its use in pencils) is one of the allotropes of carbon. ... For alternative meanings see proton (disambiguation). ...