Carboxymethyl cellulose, or CMC, is a cellulose derivative with carboxymethyl groups (-CH₂-COOH) bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers that make up the cellulose backbone. Cellulose as polymer of β-D-glucose Cellulose in 3D Cellulose (C6H10O5)n is a polysaccharide of beta-glucose. ... Derivatization is a technique used in Chemistry which transforms a chemical Compound into a Product of similar chemical Structure, called Derivate. ... // Hydroxyl group The term hydroxyl group is used to describe the functional group -OH when it is a substituent in an organic compound. ... Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide (or simple sugar), is the most important carbohydrate in biology. ... In chemistry, a monomer (from Greek mono one and meros part) is a small molecule that may become chemically bonded to other monomers to form a polymer. ... A polymer is a substance composed of molecules with large molecular mass consisting of repeating structural units, or monomers, connected by covalent chemical bonds. ...

Preparation and properties

It is synthesized by the alkali-catalyzed reaction of cellulose with chloroacetic acid. The polar (organic acid) carboxyl groups render the cellulose soluble and chemically reactive. In chemistry, chemical synthesis is purposeful execution of chemical reactions in order to get a product, or several products. ... In chemistry, an alkali (from Arabic: al-qalyالقلوي, القالي ) is a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or alkali earth metal element. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Catalysis. ... Vapours of hydrogen chloride in a beaker and ammonia in a test tube meet to form a cloud of a new substance, ammonium chloride A chemical reaction is a process that results in the interconversion of chemical substances. ... In organic chemistry, the chloroethanoic acids (trivial name chloroacetic acids) are three related chlorocarbon carboxylic acids: chloroethanoic acid (chloroacetic acid), CH2ClCOOH dichloroethanoic acid (dichloroacetic acid), CHCl2COOH trichloroethanoic acid (trichloroacetic acid), CCl3COOH As the number of chlorine atoms increases, the electronegativity of that end of the molecule increases, and the molecule... A commonly-used example of a polar compound is water (H2O). ... Acidity redirects here. ... In chemistry, a carboxyl group is a functional group consisting of a carbon atom doubly bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydroxyl (-OH) group, typically written as -COOH: where R is a hydrogen or an organic group. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solution. ...

The functional properties of CMC depend on the degree of substitution of the cellulose structure (i.e., how many of the hydroxyl groups have taken part in the substitution reaction), and also on the chain length of the cellulose backbone structure. Substitution in the context of organic chemistry has the general meaning of replacing an atom, a functional group, or a substituent in a molecule. ...

Uses

CMC is used in food science as a viscosity modifier or thickener, and to stabilize emulsions, for instance in ice cream. It has E number E466. It is also a constituent of many non-food products, such as K-Y Jelly, toothpaste, laxatives, diet pills, water-based paints, detergents, and various paper products. They have high viscosity, are not toxic, and are generally non-allergenic. CMC is used as a lubricant in non-volatile eye drops (artificial tears). Sometimes it is methylcellulose (MC) which is used, but its non-polar methyl groups (-CH₃) do not add any solubility or chemical reactivity to the base cellulose. Food science is a discipline concerned with all technical aspects of food, beginning with harvesting or slaughtering, and ending with its cooking and consumption. ... Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid to deform under shear stress. ... Thickening agents, or thickeners, are substances which, when added to the mixture, increase its viscosity without substantially modifying its other properties, like eg. ... The tail of a Lufthansa airliner (Airbus A319) in flight, showing the horizontal and vertical stabilizer Mathematics: see Group action. ... A. Two immisicible liquids, not emulsified; B. An emulsion of Phase B dispersed in Phase A; C. The unstable emulsion progressively separates; D. The surfactant (purple outline) positions itself on the interfaces between Phase A and Phase B, stabilizing the emulsion An emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible (unblendable... Missing image Ice cream is often served on a stick Boxes of ice cream are often found in stores in a display freezer. ... For the mathematical constant see: E (mathematical constant). ... A tube of K-Y Jelly K-Y Jelly is a water-based, water-soluble personal lubricant produced by Johnson & Johnson. ... Modern toothpaste gel Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice used to clean and improve the aesthetic appearance and health of teeth. ... Laxatives are foods, compounds, or drugs taken to induce bowel movements, most often taken to treat constipation. ... In nutrition, the diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Laundry detergents are just only one of many possibilities of use of the detergents Detergent is a compound, or a mixture of compounds, intended to assist cleaning. ... A blank sheet of paper Paper is a commodity of thin material produced by the amalgamation of fibers, typically vegetable fibers composed of cellulose, which are subsequently held together by hydrogen bonding. ... Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid to deform under shear stress. ... // Toxic and Intoxicated redirect here – toxic has other uses, which can be found at Toxicity (disambiguation); for the state of being intoxicated by alcohol see Drunkenness. ... This article deals specifically with IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. ... A lubricant (colloquially, lube, although this may also refer to personal lubricants) is a substance (usually a liquid) introduced between two moving surfaces to reduce the friction and wear between them. ... The ability of a liquid to evaporate quickly and at relatively low temperatures. ... Eye drops are saline-containing drops used as a vector to administer medication in the eye. ... Tears trickling down the cheeks Lacrimation is the bodys process of producing tears, which are a liquid to clean and lubricate the eyes. ... Methylcellulose (or methyl cellulose) is a chemical compound derived from cellulose. ... In chemistry a methyl-group is a hydrophobic Alkyl functional group which is derived from methane (CH4). ...

See also

• Hydroxypropyl cellulose
• Methylcellulose

Hydroxypropyl cellulose (cellulose, 2-hydroxypropyl ether) is a derivative of cellulose with both water solubility and organic solubility. ... Methylcellulose (or methyl cellulose) is a chemical compound derived from cellulose. ...

External links

• CMC chemical structure and properties
• MC and CMC: commercial preparations and various uses, including paper conservation; bibliography
• CMC use in eye drops
• Links to external chemical sources