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A backward wave oscillator (BWO), also called carcinotron or backward wave tube, is a device that is used to generate microwaves and terahertz radiation. It consists of a vacuum tube that provides 1 mW to 50 mW of power. Some types can produce frequencies in a range of 200 GHz to 1.1 THz. It sustains the oscillations by reflecting the traveling wave backwards against the beam. It is derived from the traveling wave tube. It has two main subtypes, the M-type (M-BWO) and O-type (O-BWO). Carcinotrons are used as powerful and stable microwave sources. Due to the good quality wavefront they produce, they find use as illuminators in terahertz imaging. Microwave Slang for small waves, like at a beach, often used by surfers. ...
Radio waves sent at terahertz frequencies, known as terahertz radiation, terahertz waves, T-rays, T-light, T-lux and THz, are in the region of the light spectrum between 300 gigahertz (3x1011 Hz) and 3 terahertz (3x1012 Hz), corresponding to the wavelength range starting at submillimeter (<1 millimeter) and 100...
In electronics, a vacuum tube (U.S. and Canadian English) or (thermionic) valve (outside North America) is a device generally used to amplify, or otherwise modify, a signal by controlling the movement of electrons in an evacuated space. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Traveling wave tube amplifier. ...
In geometrical optics, a wave front (or crest of the wave) is defined as the locus of points having the same phase of vibration. ...
It is an amplifier with a wide tuning range. The electron gun generates an electron beam that passes through a slow-wave structure. The generated electromagnetic wave moves in the direction opposite to the direction of the electrons. The output signal is coupled out near the electron gun. Electron gun from a cathode ray tube An electron gun is a component that produces an electron stream that has a precise kinetic energy, being used in all TVs and monitors which use cathode ray tube technology, and in other instruments, eg. ...
A charged particle beam is a group of electrically charged particles that have approximately the same kinetic energy and move in approximately the same direction. ...
Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. ...
Carcinotrons were designed in 1950s. They are a voltage-controlled version of magnetrons, tunable over a wide range of frequencies by varying the accelerating voltage. Initially they had a low power, but later as their output power grew they found military use. They can be swept through the band fast enough to be appearing to radiate over all the band at once, which makes them suitable for effective radar jamming, quickly tuning into the radar frequency. Carcinotrons allowed airborne radar jammers to be highly effective. However, frequency-agile radars can hop frequencies fast enough to force the kammer to use barrage jamming, diluting its output power over a wide band and significantly impairing its efficiency. A cavity magnetron is a high-powered vacuum tube that generates coherent microwaves. ...
Radar jamming is the intentional emission of radio frequency signals to interfere with the operation of a radar by saturating its receiver with false information. ...
Barrage jamming: Jamming accomplished by transmitting a band of frequencies that is large with respect to the bandwidth of a single emitter. ...
Carcinotrons are used in research, civilian and military applications. For example, the Kopac passive sensor and Ramona passive sensor employed carcinotrons in their receiver systems. Ramona was the second generation electronic support measures (ESM) system that uses measurements of time difference of arrival (TDOA) of pulses at three or four sites to accurately detect and track airborne emitters by multilateration. ...
M-type carcinotron
A M-type carcinotron, or M-type backward wave oscillator, uses focusing and interaction with the beam via magnetic field, similar to a magnetron. Current flowing through a wire produces a magnetic field (M) around the wire. ...
A cavity magnetron is a high-powered vacuum tube that generates coherent microwaves. ...
O-type carcinotron An O-type carcinotron, or O-type backward wave oscillator, uses an electron beam longitudally focused in the tube, with a slow-wave circuit interacting with the beam. A collector terminates the beam at the end of the tube.
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