The image must be centered on the card within a tolerance not to exceed approximately 55/45 to 60/40 percent on the front, and 75/25 percent on the reverse.
If a card meets all of the other requirements for PSA MINT 9 and measures 65/35 off-center on the front, it may be deemed to meet the PSA front centering standards for MINT 9 if the eye appeal of the card is good.
If the card is severely undersized and suffers in overall eye-appeal, the graders may deem the card not suitable for authentication or reject the card as minimum sized altogether.
Credit cards were first issued in 1951, but it wasnÂ’t until the establishment of standards in 1970 that the magnetic stripe became a factor in the use of the cards.
Standards for magnetic stripe technologies are available from ISO, where the focus is on the interchange environment, other standards are available from AIM.
Smart cards are not new, the first patent was filed in France in 1974 and the first cards were used in France in 1982.
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