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Encyclopedia > Cardinal Bishop of Porto and Santa Ruffina

The Roman Catholic diocese of Porto and Santa-Rufina (Portuensis et Sanctae Rufinae) was formed from the union of two suburbicarian sees of Rome. The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Pope Pius XI blesses Bishop Stephen Alencastre as fifth Apostolic Vicar of the Hawaiian Islands in a Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace window. ... The seven suburbicarian dioceses are Roman Catholic dioceses located in the suburbs that surround Rome. ...

Contents

Early history: Porto

Porto was in ancient times Portus, the chief harbour of Rome. It owes its origin to the port built by Claudius on the right of the Tiber, opposite Ostia; Trajan enlarged the basin, and in a short time there grew around it a city which soon became independent of Ostia.


It was near Porto that Julius Nepos compelled Emperor Glycerius to abdicate (474). During the Gothic War the town served the Goths (537 and 549) and the Byzantines (546-52) as a base of operations against Rome. In the ninth and tenth centuries it was sacked on several occasions by the Saracens. In 849 Pope Leo IV fortified it and established there a colony of Corsicans for the defence of the coast and the neighbouring territory; but the city continued to decay. Julius Nepos on a coin. ... Combatants Byzantine Empire Ostrogoths Franks Visigoths Commanders Belisarius Narses Mundalias Germanus Justinus Liberius Theodoric the Great Witigis Totila The Gothic War, was a war fought in Italy in 535-552. ... Leo IV, pope from 847 to 855, was a Roman by birth, and was unanimously chosen to succeed Sergius II. His pontificate was chiefly distinguished by his efforts to repair the damage done by the Saracens during the reign of his predecessor to various churches of the city, especially those...


Christianity was early established there. Several martyrs of Porto are known, including Herculanus, Hyacinthus, Martialis, Saturninus Epictetus, Maprilis and Felix. The place was also famous as the probable see of St. Hippolytus. The Death of Hyacinthos by Jean Broc. ... Martial (Marcus Valerius Martialis), Latin epigrammatist, was born in one of the years AD 38–41, for, in book x. ... Besides the presbyter, writer and anti-pope St. ...


In 314 Gregorius was bishop. The great xenodochium, or hospice, of Pammachius was built about 370. Among the other bishops should be mentioned

  • Donatus (date uncertain), who built the basilica of St. Eutropius
  • Felix, a contemporary of Gregory the Great
  • Joannes, legate to the Sixth General Council (680)
  • Gregorius, who accompanied Pope Constantine to Constantinople (710) *Gregorius II (743-61)
  • Citonatus, present at the consecration of the antipope Constantine (767)
  • Giovanni (797)[1]
  • Stephano (826)[2]
  • Radoaldus (853)[3]. He acted contrary to his instructions on the occasion of the difficulties with Photius at Constantinople (862), and who was deposed for having prevaricated in connexion with the divorce of Lothair II of Lorraine
  • Formosus (864)[4], who became pope (891)
  • Walpert (876)[5]
  • Valentino (883)[6]
  • Silvestro (891)[7]
  • Crisogno (after 904)[8]
  • Costantino (956)[9]
  • Benedictus (960/963)[10], who consecrated the antipope Leo VIII
  • Gregorio (985)[11], who built the irrigation system of the territory of the diocese
  • Bendetto (998)[12]
  • Benedict VIII and Benedict IX were bishops of Porto
  • Mauritius (1097), sent by Pope Paschal II to establish order in religious affairs in the Holy Land
  • Callistus II (1119-24), who united to the See of Porto the other suburbicarian See of Silva Candida or Santa Rufina.

Saint Gregory I, or Gregory the Great (called the Dialogist in Eastern Orthodoxy) (circa 540 - March 12, 604) was pope of the Catholic Church from September 3, 590 until his death. ... The Sixth Ecumenical Council met on November 7, 680, for its first session, and ended its meetings, said to have been eighteen in number, on September 16 of the next year. ... Constantinus (d. ... Formosus was born around 816, probably in Rome. ... Benedict VIII, né Theophylactus (died April 9, 1024), pope (1012_1024), of the noble family of the counts of Tusculum, descended from Theophylact, Count of Tusculum like his predecessor Benedict VI, was opposed by an antipope Gregory, who compelled him to flee from Rome. ... Benedict IX, né Theophylactus (c. ... Paschal II, né Ranierius (born in Bleda, near Forlì, Romagna - d. ... Callixtus II, né Guido of Vienne (d. ...

Early history: Rufina

Santa Rufina grew up around the basilica of the Holy Martyrs Sts. Rufina and Secunda on the Via Aurelia, fourteen miles from Rome; the basilica is said to have been begun by Pope Julius I, and was finished by Saint Damasus. In the ninth century this town was destroyed by the Saracens, and the efforts of Pope Leo IV and Pope Sergius III were unable to save it from total ruin: all that remains are the remnants of the ancient basilica and a chapel. Via Aurelia was the Roman road which passed out of ancient Rome through the Porta Aurelia in the Aurelian Walls and ran to the coast a little southeast of modern Palidoro and then followed a coastal route north to Vada Volaterrana. ... Julius I, pope from 337 to 352, was a native of Rome and was chosen as successor of Marcus after the Roman see had been vacant four months. ... Leo IV, pope from 847 to 855, was a Roman by birth, and was unanimously chosen to succeed Sergius II. His pontificate was chiefly distinguished by his efforts to repair the damage done by the Saracens during the reign of his predecessor to various churches of the city, especially those... Pope Sergius III, scion of Benedictus, of a noble Roman family, reigned in two intervals between 897 and April 14, 911, during a period of feudal violence and disorder in central Italy, where the Papacy was a pawn of warring aristocratic factions. ...


The first notice of it as an episcopal see dates from the fifth century, when its bishop Adeodatus was present at the councils held by Pope Symmachus; its bishop St. Valentinus, Vicar of Rome during the absence of Pope Vigilius, had his hands cut off by Totila. Among its other bishops mention should be made of Adeodatus may refer to: Pope Adeodatus I (also known as Pope Deusdedit I), pope from 614-618 Pope Adeodatus II (sometimes referred to as Pope Adeodatus I), pope from 672-676 This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same... Symmachus was pope from 498 to 514. ... Vigilius was Pope from 537 to 555. ... Totila, born in Treviso, was king of the Ostrogoths, chosen after the death of his uncle Ildibad, having engineered the assassination of Ildibads short-lived successor his cousin Eraric in 541. ...

  • Tiberius (594)
  • Ursus (680)
  • Nicetas (710)
  • Hildebrand (906)
  • Peter (1026), whose jurisdiction over the Leonine City, the Trastevere, and the Insula Tiberina (island in the Tiber) was confirmed.

The residence of the bishops of Silva Candida was on the Insula Tiberina beside the church of Sts. Adalbert and Paulinus, while that of the bishops of Porto was on the same island near the church of San Giovanni. The bishops of Silva Candida, moreover, enjoyed great prerogatives in relation with the ceremonies of the basilica of St. Peter. The Leonine City is that part of the city of Rome around which Pope Leo IV commissioned the construction of a wall for military defense during the 9th century. ... Logo of the rione A typical narrow alley in Trastevere seen from the lower slopes of the Gianicolo hill Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere at night Trastevere is rione XIII of Rome, on the west bank of the Tiber, south of Vatican City. ... Interior view, with the Nave of the Cattedra in the back St. ...


The most famous of these prelates was Cardinal Humbertus, who accompanied Leo IX from Burgundy to Rome; he was appointed Bishop of Sicily by that pope, but, having been prevented by the Normans from landing on the island, he received the See of Silva Candida, and later was sent to Constantinople to settle the controversies aroused by Michael Cærularius. He wrote against the errors of the Greeks and against Berengarius (1051-63). Michael I Cerularius, (b. ... Berengar of Tours (c. ...


The last Bishop was Mainardus.


Historically, the Bishop of Porto became the second cardinal, the Bishop of Ostia being the first, and officiated on Mondays in the Lateran Basilica; he obtained, moreover, the other rights of the Bishop of Santa Rufina, but lost jurisdiction over the Leonine City and its environs, when they were united to the city of Rome. The Bishop of Ostia was the ecclesiastical head of the Italian Catholic diocese of Ostia. ... The late Baroque façade of the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano was completed by Alessandro Galilei in 1735 after winning a competition for the design. ...


Bishops (incomplete list)

To 1500

Anacletus II, born Pietro Pierloni, (d. ... Pope Adrian IV (c. ... Frederick in a 13th century Chronicle Frederick I (German: Friedrich I. von Hohenstaufen)(1122 – June 10, 1190), also known as Friedrich Barbarossa (Frederick Redbeard) was elected king of Germany on March 4, 1152 and crowned Holy Roman Emperor on June 18, 1155. ... Saint Thomas Becket (December 21, 1118? – December 29, 1170) was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 to 1170. ... Honorius III, né Cencio Savelli (b. ... Robert Kilwardby (c. ... Guillaume dEstouteville (1403 - 1483), French ecclesiastic, was bishop of Angers, of Digne, of Porto and Santa Rufina, of Ostia and Velletri, archbishop of Rouen, prior of Saint Martin des Champs, abbot of Mont St Michel, of St Ouen at Rouen, and of Montebourg. ... Alexander VI, né Rodrigo Borgia (January 1, 1431 - August 18, 1503) pope (1492-1503), is the most memorable of the secular popes of the Renaissance. ...

1500-1700

Domenico Grimani was the Cardinal Patriarch of Aquileia. ... Giovanni Morone (25th January 1509 - 1st December 1580) was an Italian cardinal born in Milan, where his father, Count leronimo Morone (d. ... Alessandro Farnese can refer to: Alessandro Farnese (pope) (1468–1549) - better known as Pope Paul III Alessandro Farnese (cardinal) (1520–1589) - Pauls Grandson Alessandro Farnese (duke) (1545–1592) - Pauls Great Grandson This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that... Honorius IV, né Giacomo Savelli ( 1210 - April 3, 1287) was pope for two years from 1285 to 1287. ... Carlo de Medici (March 19, 1595–June 17, 1666) was the son of Ferdinando I de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Chrétienne de Lorraine. ... Alexander VIII, né Pietro Vitto Ottoboni (April 22, 1610 - February 1, 1691), pope from 1689 to 1691, was born of a noble Venetian family, was created cardinal, and then successively bishop of Brescia and datary. ...

1700-1900

Leonardo Antonelli (6 November 1730 — 23 January 1811), born in Sinigaglia, was a Cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church. ... Bartolommeo Pacca was a Roman Catholic cardinal, scholar and statesman as Cardinal Secretary of State. ... Luigi Cardinal Oreglia di Santo Stefano (born July 9, 1828, Bene Vagienna, Italy; died December 7, 1913, Rome, Italy) was a cardinal of the Catholic Church in the late nineteenth century. ...

From 1900

[58] Serafino Vannutelli (nov ember 26, 1834 - August 26, 1915) was an Italian Roman Catholic churchman, born at Genazzano, where he studied and graduated in philosophy before studying theology in the Capranica College, Rome. ... Agostino Cardinal Casaroli (November 24, 1914-June 9, 1998) was an Italian Catholic priest and diplomat for the Vatican City. ... His Eminence Roger Marie Élie Cardinal Etchegaray (born September 25, 1922 in Espelette, France) is a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. ...


In 1826, Civitavecchia was separated from the Diocese of Viterbo and Toscanella and united with that of Porto, but in 1854, with Corneto, it was made an independent see. Mention should be made of the Cardinal Bishop of Porto Luigi, Lambruschini (1847), who restored the cathedral and the episcopal palace.


From the sixteenth century, the incumbency of prelates of this see was, as a rule, of short duration, because most of the cardinal-bishops preferred the See of Ostia and Velletri, which they exchanged for their own as soon as possible.


The Diocese of Cære, now Cervetri, has been united with that of Porto since the twelfth century. Cære was an ancient city, called at first Agylla, where the sanctuaries of Rome and the Vestals were hidden during the invasion of the Gauls; the Etruscan tombs scattered about its territory are important archleologically. Cervetri had bishops of its own until the eleventh century; the first was Adeodatus (499), assuming that he was not the Adeodatus who signed himself Bishop of Silva-Candida in the third synod of Pope Symmachus (501). The last known was Benedictus, referred to in 1015 and 1029. The Diocese of Porto and Santa Rufina has 18 parishes, with 4600 inhabitants.


References

  • Piazza, Gerarchia cardinalizia
  • Cappelletti, Le Chiese d'Italia, I
  • De Rossi, in Bullettino d'archeologia crist. (1866), 37
  • Tommassetti, in Archivio della Soc. Rom. di Storia Patria, XXIII (1900), 143
  • Battandier, Annuaire Pontifical Catholique (Paris, 1910)

Notes

  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ [2]
  3. ^ [3]
  4. ^ [4]
  5. ^ [5]
  6. ^ [6]
  7. ^ [7]
  8. ^ [8]
  9. ^ [9]
  10. ^ [10]
  11. ^ [11]
  12. ^ [12]
  13. ^ [13]
  14. ^ [14]
  15. ^ [15]
  16. ^ [16]
  17. ^ [17],[18]
  18. ^ [19]
  19. ^ [20]
  20. ^ [21]
  21. ^ [22]
  22. ^ [23]
  23. ^ [24]
  24. ^ [25]
  25. ^ [26]
  26. ^ [27]
  27. ^ [28]
  28. ^ During the incumbency of Francesco Condulmer, Pope Nicholas V separated the sees of Porto and Silva Candida, and gave the latter to John Kemp, Archbishop of Canterbury, at whose death (1445) the sees were reunited.
  29. ^ [29]
  30. ^ [30]
  31. ^ [31]
  32. ^ [32]
  33. ^ [33]
  34. ^ [34]
  35. ^ [35]
  36. ^ [36]
  37. ^ [37]
  38. ^ [38]
  39. ^ [39]
  40. ^ [40]
  41. ^ [41]
  42. ^ [42][43]
  43. ^ [44]
  44. ^ [45]
  45. ^ [46]
  46. ^ [47]
  47. ^ [48]
  48. ^ [49]
  49. ^ [50]
  50. ^ [51]
  51. ^ [52]
  52. ^ [53]
  53. ^ [54]
  54. ^ [55]
  55. ^ [56]
  56. ^ [57]
  57. ^ [58]
  58. ^ Some names in the list are from Porto-Santa Rufina (Cardinal Titular Church). Catholic-Hierarchy. Retrieved on January 3, 2007.
This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913.
 

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