The coat of arms of a Cardinal are indicated by a red galero (wide-brimmed hat) with 15 tassels on each side (the motto and escutcheon are proper to the individual Cardinal).

Catholicism Portal

A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually a bishop, of the Roman Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and making themselves available individually or collectively to the pope if he requests their counsel. Most cardinals have additional duties, such as leading a diocese or archdiocese or running a department of the Roman Curia. The word cardinal comes from the Latin cardo for hinge and usually refers to things of fundamental importance, as in cardinal rule or cardinal sins. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 654 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1050 × 962 pixel, file size: 271 KB, MIME type: image/png) P. Jaworski ( PioM ),POLAND/PoznaÅ„; 14V2005, under GNU FDL; Drawn in InkScape; Template of cardinals coat of arms. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 654 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1050 × 962 pixel, file size: 271 KB, MIME type: image/png) P. Jaworski ( PioM ),POLAND/PoznaÅ„; 14V2005, under GNU FDL; Drawn in InkScape; Template of cardinals coat of arms. ... Upon the death of a cardinal diocesan bishop, his galero is raised above the sanctuary of his cathedral church. ... For other uses, see Motto (disambiguation). ... Shield Field Supporter Crest Wreath Mantling Helm Compartment Charge Motto Coat of arms elements Escutcheon is often the term used in heraldry for the shield displayed in a coat of arms. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      In Christian... A bishop in the Catholic Church is a member of the College of Bishops, is an ordained minister, and holds the fullness of the priesthood. ... Catholic Church redirects here. ... The Sacred College of Cardinals is the body of all Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church established by Pope St. ... For other uses, see Pope (disambiguation). ... Pope Pius XI blesses Bishop Stephen Alencastre as fifth Apostolic Vicar of the Hawaiian Islands in a Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace window. ... In some Christian churches, the diocese is an administrative territorial unit governed by a bishop, sometimes also referred to as a bishopric or episcopal see, though more often the term episcopal see means the office held by the bishop. ... The Roman Curia — usually called the Vatican — is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See, coordinating and providing the necessary organisation for the correct functioning of the Catholic Church and the achievement of its goals. ...

A cardinal's other main function is electing the pope, whenever by death or resignation, the seat becomes vacant. In 1059 the right of electing the Pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. During the sede vacante, the period between a pope's death and the election of his successor, the day-to-day governance of the Church as a whole is in the hands of the College of Cardinals. The right to enter the conclave of cardinals who elect the pope is now limited to those not over 80 years old on the day of the pope's death or abdication. The Sistine Chapel is the location of the conclave. ... The seven suburbicarian dioceses are Roman Catholic dioceses located in the suburbs that surround Rome. ... Sede vacante is the vacancy of the episcopal see of a particular church in the Canon law of the Roman Catholic Church. ... The Sistine Chapel is the location of the conclave since 1492. ...

The term "cardinal" at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church,^[1] or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the tituli (parishes) of the diocese of Rome.^[1] In the twelfth century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of them being assigned a church in Rome as his titular church, or being linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses, while still being incardinated in a diocese other than Rome. Incardinated This term is used in the Catholic Church term to describe the jurisdiction a Priest receives from his Bishop, that allows him to practice in public ministry. ... The Holy See (Latin: Sancta Sedes, holy seat) is the episcopal see of Rome. ... In Christian archeology, a titulus is one of a set number of Early Christian churches (collectively known as the tituli) built round the edges of the city of Rome, which were ascribed to patrons, whose names often identified them: they received the name tituli, from the name of the founder...

History

The election of the pope wasn't always reserved to the cardinals; the pope was originally elected by the clergy and the people of the diocese of Rome. In medieval times, Roman nobility gained influence. The Holy Roman Emperors had a hand in choosing the pontiff. But as the pope gained greater political independence, the right of election was given to the cardinals in 1059. The Holy See (Latin: Sancta Sedes, holy seat) is the episcopal see of Rome. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ... Events Anselm of Canterbury settles at the Benedictine monastery of Le Bec in Normandy. ...

Cardinal de Fleury, chief minister of France

However the influence of temporal rulers, notably the French kings, largely reemerged via cardinals of certain nationalities or politically significant movements; there even developed traditions entitling certain monarchs — e.g. of Austria, Spain, and Portugal — to nominate one of their trusted clerical subjects to be created cardinal, a so-called crown-cardinal. Image File history File links Hyacinthe_Rigaud;Cardinal_de_Fleury_. ... Image File history File links Hyacinthe_Rigaud;Cardinal_de_Fleury_. ... Thomas Cardinal Wolsey A crown-cardinal (Italian: cardinale delle corone)[1] was a cardinal protector of Catholic nation, nominated or funded by a Catholic monarch to serve as their representative within the College of Cardinals[2][3] and, if applicable, exercise the jus exclusivae. ...

In theory, the pope could substitute another body of electors for the College of Cardinals. Some proposed that the Synod of Bishops should perform this function, a proposal that was not accepted, because, among other reasons, the Synod of Bishops can only meet when called by the Pope. A synod (also known as a council) is a council of a church, usually a Christian church, convened to decide an issue of doctrine or administration. ...

In early modern times, Cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. An example of this was found in Henry VIII's England where his chief minister was Thomas Cardinal Wolsey. An even more prominent example is that of Cardinal Richelieu whose power in France was so great that he is considered by many as the world's first Prime Minister.^{[attribution needed]} Indeed, Richelieu was so successful his successor, Jules Mazarin was also a Cardinal. André-Hercule de Fleury was another Cardinal to hold this rôle. The early modern period is a term initially used by historians to refer mainly to the post Late Middle Ages period in Western Europe (Early modern Europe), its first colonies marked by the rise of strong centralized governments and the beginnings of recognizable nation states that are the direct antecedents... Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) from 22 April 1509 until his death. ... Thomas Cardinal Wolsey, (c. ... Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu (September 9, 1585 – December 4, 1642), was a French clergyman, noble, and statesman. ... Cardinal Jules Mazarin, French diplomat and statesman Jules Mazarin, born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino; but best known as Cardinal Mazarin (July 14, 1602 – March 9, 1661) served as the France from 1642, until his death. ... Cardinal de Fleury, official portrait by Hyacinthe RigaudChateau de Versailles André-Hercule Cardinal de Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus (22 June or 26 1653–29 January 1743) was a French cardinal who served as the chief minister of Louis XV. // He was born in Lodève, the son of a...

Currently, the youngest Cardinal is Péter Erdő - the Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest and Primate of Hungary. The oldest living Cardinal is Paul Mayer - the President Emeritus of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei. 2008 (MMVIII) will be a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Cardinal Péter ErdÅ‘s Coat of Arms Péter ErdÅ‘ (born June 25, 1952 in Budapest) is the archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest, Primate of Hungary and a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. ... In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop. ... Primate (from the Latin Primus, first) is a title or rank bestowed on some bishops in certain Christian churches. ... His Most Reverend Eminence Paul Augustin Cardinal Mayer O.S.B. (23 May 1911) is a Roman Catholic Cardinal and is currently President Emeritus of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei. ... Emeritus (IPA pronunciation: or ) is an adjective that is used in the title of a retired professor, bishop or other professional. ... The Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei is a commission of the Roman Catholic Church aiming to bring back traditionalist Catholics into communion with Rome, primarily the Society of Saint Pius X. It is headed by Darío Cardinal Castrillón Hoyos. ...

College and orders of cardinalate

Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, composed of six Cardinal Bishops, 50 Cardinal Priests, and 14 Cardinal Deacons. In 1975, Pope Paul VI set an age limit of eighty years for electors, who were to number no more than 120, but set no limit to the number of cardinals as a whole, including those over eighty. On one occasion, October 21, 2003, Pope John Paul II brought the number of cardinals with the right to enter the conclave to over 120, perhaps calculating that, though his death was approaching, the number would be sufficiently reduced when his successor was elected. And in fact, at John Paul II's death, only 117 of the then-current 183 cardinals were young enough to be electors.[2] Pope Paul VI also increased the number of Cardinal Bishops by giving that rank to patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who are made cardinals. Pope Sixtus V (December 13, 1521 – August 27, 1590), born Felice Peretti, was Pope from 1585 to 1590. ... This article cites very few or no references or sources. ... is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Coat of Arms of Pope John Paul II. The Letter M is for Mary, the mother of Jesus, to whom he held strong devotion Pope John Paul II (Latin: , Italian: Giovanni Paolo II, Polish: Jan PaweÅ‚ II) born   []; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as the 264th Pope of... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Relation to other religions Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Athanasius · Augustine · Constantine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas Calvin · Luther · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      The...

Title

Theodor Innitzer, Cardinal of the Title of San Crisogono

Each cardinal takes on a "title" to a certain church in Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees. The only exception is for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches. The Dean of the College of Cardinals always adds the title Bishop of Ostia to the title of the suburbicarian see that he already holds. Not only Eastern patriarchs, but also Western bishops and archbishops retain the governance of the particular Church that is in their charge at the time of their appointment to the cardinalate. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 416 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (787 × 1134 pixel, file size: 966 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 416 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (787 × 1134 pixel, file size: 966 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Façade of the basilica San Crisogono is a church in Rome (rione Trastevere) dedicated to the martyr Saint Chrysogonus. ... In Christian archeology, a titulus is one of a set number of Early Christian churches (collectively known as the tituli) built round the edges of the city of Rome, which were ascribed to patrons, whose names often identified them: they received the name tituli, from the name of the founder... The Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals is the president of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, and as such always holds the rank of Cardinal Bishop. ... The Bishop of Ostia was the ecclesiastical head of the Italian Catholic diocese of Ostia. ... The seven suburbicarian dioceses are Roman Catholic dioceses located in the suburbs that surround Rome. ... A particular Church, in Catholic theology and Canon law, is any of the individual constituent ecclesial communities in full communion with Rome that are part of the Catholic Church as a whole. ...

Since 1630, cardinals have taken the style Eminence. In accordance with Latin tradition, they, like the pope, sign by placing the title (Papa, abbreviated P.P., or Cardinalis abbreviated Card.) after their first name, as, for instance, "Benedictus P.P. XVI" or "John Card. Doe". This order is also found when referring to cardinals in English, and is the form that James-Charles Noonan, in The Church Visible, p. 205, cites as the correct form. (It is also common, though not universal, for archdioceses led, or traditionally led, by cardinals to use this form: Boston,^[2] Chicago,^[3] Dublin,^[4] New York,^[5] St Andrews and Edinburgh,^[6] Toronto,^[7] and Washington.^[8]) However, the form that places the title before the first name, e.g., "Cardinal John Doe", in line with usages concerning other figures, both lay and religious (such as "Pope Benedict XVI", "President George W. Bush", "Archbishop John Smith"), is the usual form on the Vatican website and in the media; some dioceses, such as the Archdiocese of Los Angeles,^[9] the Diocese of Westminster^[10] and the Archdiocese of Wellington,^[11] opt for this style. Some archdioceses, such as the Archdiocese of Sydney,^[12][13] use the two forms interchangeably. Accordingly, the full style of Cardinal McCarrick is either "His Eminence, Theodore Cardinal McCarrick, Archbishop Emeritus of Washington," or "His Eminence, Cardinal Theodore McCarrick, Archbishop Emeritus of Washington." Ultimately, it is a matter of personal preference which form one chooses to use, as both forms are now generally recognized. When the name of the new pope is announced to people of Rome the cardinal protodeacon says: Eminentissimum ac reverendissimum Dominum,( first name of the elected pope ) then Sanctæ Romanæ Ecclesiæ Cardinalem ( last name ). Events February 22 - Native American Quadequine introduces Popcorn to English colonists. ... A Style is a form of address which by tradition or law precedes a reference to a person who holds a title or post, or to the office itself. ... His Eminence is a historical style of address for high nobility. ... For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ... The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the western region of the United States. ... Theodore Edgar Cardinal McCarrick Theodore Edgar Cardinal McCarrick (b. ... The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington is home to the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, dedicated to the patron saint of the United States. ... The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington is home to the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, dedicated to the patron saint of the United States. ...

Cardinal Bishop

Cardinal Sodano, current Dean of the College

Cardinal Bishops, or Cardinals of the Episcopal Order, are among the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church. Since, normally, all cardinals are also bishops, the title of Cardinal Bishop only means that the cardinal in question holds the title of one of the "suburbicarian" sees — they include the Dean of the College of Cardinals — or is a patriarch of an Eastern Catholic church. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... A prelate is a member of the clergy having a special canonical jurisdiction over a territory or a group of people; usually, a prelate is a bishop. ... The seven suburbicarian dioceses are Roman Catholic dioceses located in the suburbs that surround Rome, reserved for the highest order of Cardinals. ... The Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals is the president of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, and as such always holds the rank of Cardinal Bishop. ...

The Cardinal Bishops are the only order of Cardinals who have always been required to be bishops, and in former times when a Cardinal of one of the lower orders became a Cardinal Bishop, and so the head of a diocese, he was consecrated a bishop. Since 1962 all cardinals have been bishops with rare exceptions, and those cardinals exceptionally allowed to decline episcopal consecration obviously cannot head a suburbicarian see as a Cardinal Bishop. Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Dean, the head (as primus inter pares) of the College of Cardinals, is elected by the Cardinal Bishops holding suburbicarian sees from among their own number, an election, however, that must be approved by the Pope. Formerly the position of Dean belonged to the longest-serving of the Cardinal Bishops, all six of whom then headed a suburbicarian see. Though these sees are seven, there were only six Cardinal Bishops, since the Dean always adds the title of Ostia to his original suburbicarian diocese.

In early times the privilege of papal election was not reserved to the cardinals, and for centuries the Pope was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere; to preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecrating the Pope as a bishop had to be performed by someone who was already a bishop. The rule remains that, if the person elected Pope is not yet a bishop, he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia. The Sistine Chapel is the location of the conclave. ... In Christianity, the doctrine of Apostolic Succession (or the belief that the Church is apostolic) maintains that the Christian Church today is the spiritual successor to the original body of believers in Christ, composed of the Apostles. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      This article... The Bishop of Ostia was the ecclesiastical head of the Italian Catholic diocese of Ostia. ...

Currently the Cardinal-Bishops of the suburbicarian diocese are:

• Angelo Sodano, Cardinal Bishop of Ostia and Albano, Dean of the College of Cardinals, former Cardinal Secretary of State
• Bernardin Gantin, Cardinal Bishop of Palestrina, Dean emeritus, the senior prelate from Africa, who long headed the Congregation for Bishops;
• Roger Etchegaray, Cardinal Bishop of Porto-Santa Rufina, Vice-Dean, President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace;
• Alfonso López Trujillo, Cardinal Bishop of Frascati, President of the Pontifical Council for the Family, a leading figure in the Latin American Church;
• Giovanni Battista Re, Cardinal Bishop of Sabina-Poggio Mirteto, Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops;
• Francis Arinze, Cardinal Bishop of Velletri-Segni, Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, widely regarded as the most Papabile African.

For a period ending in the mid-20th century, long-serving Cardinal Priests were entitled to fill vacancies that arose among the Cardinal Bishops, just as Cardinal Deacons of ten years' standing are still entitled to become Cardinal Priests. Since then, Cardinals have been advanced to Cardinal Bishop (except for the Eastern Rite Patriarchs, no one ever joins the College of Cardinals as a Cardinal Bishop) exclusively by Papal appointment. Only leading figures close to the Pope can expect to be appointed. The two Secretaries of State: Cardinal Sodano (Secretary of State of the Holy See) with Condoleezza Rice (Secretary of State of the USA). ... The Bishop of Ostia was the ecclesiastical head of the Italian Catholic diocese of Ostia. ... Albano is a suburbicarian see of the Roman Catholic Church, comprising seven towns in the Province of Rome. ... The Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals is the president of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, and as such always holds the rank of Cardinal Bishop. ... The Cardinal Secretary of State presides over the Vatican Secretariat of State, which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia. ... Bernardin Cardinal Gantin (born May 8, Benin, he was consecrated a bishop in 1957 by Eugene Cardinal Tisserant, to whose then post of Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals he would one day succeed. ... The Bishopric of Palestrina is a Roman Catholic suburbicarian diocese in Italy. ... Emeritus (IPA pronunciation: or ) is an adjective that is used in the title of a retired professor, bishop or other professional. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... The Congregation for Bishops (Congregatio pro Episcopis) is the congregation of the Roman Curia which oversees the selection of new bishops pending papal approval. ... His Eminence Roger Marie Élie Cardinal Etchegaray (born September 25, 1922 in Espelette, France) is a Cardinal Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church and the Vice-Dean of the College of Cardinals. ... The Roman Catholic diocese of Porto and Santa-Rufina (Portuensis et Sanctae Rufinae) was formed from the union of two suburbicarian sees of Rome. ... The Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace (Justitia et Pax) is a part of the Roman Curia dedicated to action-oriented studies for the international promotion of justice, peace, and human rights from the perspective of the Roman Catholic Church. ... Alfonso Cardinal López Trujillo (born 8 November 1935) is a Colombian Cardinal Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church and president of the Pontifical Council for the Family. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Pontifical Council for the Family is part of the Curia of the Roman Catholic Church. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... Giovanni Battista Re (born January 30, 1934) is a priest of the Roman Catholic Church whose service has been primarily limited to the Roman Curia. ... // The Cardinal Bishop of Sabina is a cardinalatial office in the Roman Catholic Church. ... Francis Cardinal Arinze. ... The see of Velletri-Segni is one of the suburbicarian dioceses, Catholic dioceses in Italy close to Rome with a special status and a Cardinal Bishop, the bishop of Velletri-Segni. ... The Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments (Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum) is the congregation of the Roman Curia that handles most affairs relating to liturgical practices of the Latin Catholic Church as distinct from the Eastern Catholic Churches and also some technical matters... Papabile ( Papabili) is an unofficial Italian term first coined by Vaticanologists and now used internationally in many languages to describe a cardinal of whom it is thought likely or possible that he will be elected pope. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... The Cardinal Deacons are the lowest-ranked of the three orders of Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church. ... The Sacred College of Cardinals is the body of all Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church established by Pope St. ...

In 1965 Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named Cardinals would also be part of the episcopal order, ranked after the six Cardinal Bishops of the suburbicarian sees (who had been relieved of direct responsibilities for those sees by Pope John XXIII three years earlier). Not holding a suburbicarian see, they cannot elect the dean nor become dean. The four Eastern patriarchs who are now Cardinal Bishops are the following: Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... This article cites very few or no references or sources. ... A motu proprio is a papal rescript in which the clause motu proprio (Latin, of his own motion) is used, signifying that the provisions of the rescript were decided by the Pope personally and not by a cardinal or other advisors. ... For other senses, see Patriarch (disambiguation). ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Relation to other religions Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Athanasius · Augustine · Constantine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas Calvin · Luther · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      The... See also: 15th-century Antipope John XXIII. Pope John XXIII (Latin: ; Italian: ), born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (November 25, 1881 – June 3, 1963), known as Blessed John XXIII since his beatification, was elected as the 261st Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City on October 28, 1958. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Relation to other religions Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Athanasius · Augustine · Constantine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas Calvin · Luther · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      The...

• Ignace Daoud, Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, Patriarch Emeritus of Antioch for the Syrians
• Stéphanos II Ghattas, C.M., Coptic Catholic Patriarch Emeritus of Alexandria;
• Nasrallah Sfeir, Patriarch of Antioch for the Maronites;
• Emmanuel III Delly, Patriarch of Babylon for the Chaldeans.

The Latin Rite Patriarchs of Lisbon and Venice, while in practice always made Cardinals at the consistory after they take possession of their sees, are made Cardinal Priests, not Cardinal Bishops. Although the incumbents of such prestigious sees are usually created cardinal, no see carries an actual right to the cardinalate. In matters of precedence, membership in the college outranks any title conferred by an office, other than the see of Rome. His Eminence Ignace Moussa I Cardinal Daoud (born 18 September 1930) is a Cardinal Bishop, the Patriarch Emeritus of Antioch for the Syrian Catholic Church and Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches in the Roman Catholic Church. ... The Congregation for the Oriental Churches (Congregatio pro Ecclesiis Orientalibus) is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for contact with the Oriental Catholic Churches for the sake of assisting their development, protecting their rights and also maintaining whole and entire in the one Catholic Church, alongside the liturgical, disciplinary... This is a list of Syrian Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch. ... The Syrian Catholic Church is a Christian church in the Levant in full communion with the pope having practices and rites in common with the Jacobites. ... Stéphanos II Cardinal Ghattas CM (Cheick Zein-el-Dine, Egypt January 16, 1920) is the Patriarch Emeritus of Alexandria for the Coptic Catholic Church. ... The Coptic Catholic Church is an Alexandrian Rite church sui juris particular Church in full communion with the Pope of Rome. ... This is a list of Coptic Catholic Patriarchs of Alexandria. ... Maronite Patriarch Cardinal Mar Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir Cardinal Mar Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir (Arabic: الكاردينال مار نصر الله بطرس صفير) (born May 15, 1920 in Rayfoun, Lebanon) is the patriarch of Lebanons largest Christian body, the Maronites. ... This is a list of the Maronite Patriarchs of Antioch, who have led the Maronite Catholic Church, one of the Eastern Catholic Churches, in full communion with the Roman Catholic Church. ... Maronites (Marunoye ܡܪܘܢܝܐܶ; in Syriac, Mâruniyya مارونية in Arabic) are members of an Eastern Catholic Church in full communion with the Pope of Rome. ... Emmanuel III Delly: Name for the current head of the Chaldean Catholic Church. ... This is a list of The Chaldean Catholic Patriarchs of Babylon, the leaders of the Chaldean Catholic Church and one of the Patriarchs of the east of the Catholic Church. ... The Latin Rite is one of the 23 sui iuris particular Churches within the Catholic Church. ... The Patriarch of Lisbon is one of the few western Patriarchs in the Roman Catholic Church, an honorary title without actual authority except for the Patriarch of Rome, as Pope. ... The Patriarch of Venice is one of the few Patriarchs in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church. ... // Antiquity Originally, the Latin word consistorium meant simply sitting together, just as the Greek syn(h)edrion (from which the Biblical sanhedrin was a corruption). ...

Cardinal Priest

Franz Cardinal König, former Protopriest

Cardinal Priests are the most numerous of the three orders of Cardinals in the Catholic Church. They formally rank above the Cardinal Deacons and below the Cardinal Bishops though this is not a matter of exercise of authority. Those who are named Cardinal Priests today are generally archbishops of important dioceses throughout the world, though some hold Curial positions. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop. ... Pope Pius XI blesses Bishop Stephen Alencastre as fifth Apostolic Vicar of the Hawaiian Islands in a Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace window. ... The Roman Curia — usually called the Vatican — is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See, coordinating and providing the necessary organisation for the correct functioning of the Catholic Church and the achievement of its goals. ...

In modern times the name "Cardinal Priest" is interpreted as meaning a Cardinal who is of the order of priests. Originally, however, the understanding of which word modified the other was the opposite: of the priests of the Diocese of Rome, certain key priests of important churches were recognized as the cardinal priests, the important priests chosen by the Pope to advise him in his duties as Bishop of Rome (the Latin cardo means "hinge," and the term was used in the same way that "key" is used in English today: certain clerics in many dioceses at the time, not just that of Rome, were said to be the "key" personnel, or, in Latin, the "hinges," cardinals — the term gradually became exclusive to Rome to indicate those entrusted with electing the Bishop of Rome, the Pope). For other uses, see Pope (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Pope. ...

All cardinals are given "titles", though they may be bishops or archbishops elsewhere. While the cardinalate has long been expanded beyond the Roman pastoral clergy and Roman Curia, to this day every Cardinal Priest has nominal title to a parish church in Rome, just as Cardinal Bishops are given the honorary title of one of the suburban dioceses around Rome. A cardinal priest has no functional relationship to the parish's operations, though his name and coat of arms are still posted in the church. Pope Paul VI abolished all administrative rights cardinals had with regard to their titular churches. Some of the titular churches have been the seats of Cardinals since the 2nd century. The Roman Curia — usually called the Vatican — is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See, coordinating and providing the necessary organisation for the correct functioning of the Catholic Church and the achievement of its goals. ... This article cites very few or no references or sources. ... The 2nd century is the period from 101 - 200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ...

While the number of Cardinals was small from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance, and frequently smaller than the number of recognized churches entitled to a Cardinal Priest, in the 16th century the College expanded markedly. In 1587 Pope Sixtus V sought to arrest this growth by fixing the maximum size of the College at 70, including 50 Cardinal Priests, about twice the historical number. This limit was respected until 1958, and the list of titular churches modified only on rare occasions, generally due to a building falling into disrepair. When Pope John XXIII abolished the limit, he began to add new churches to the list, which Popes Paul VI and John Paul II continued to do. Today there are close to 150 titular churches, out of over 300 churches in Rome. For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... This article is about the European Renaissance of the 14th-17th centuries. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... 1587 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Pope Sixtus V (December 13, 1521 – August 27, 1590), born Felice Peretti, was Pope from 1585 to 1590. ... Jan. ... See also: 15th-century Antipope John XXIII. Pope John XXIII (Latin: ; Italian: ), born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (November 25, 1881 – June 3, 1963), known as Blessed John XXIII since his beatification, was elected as the 261st Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City on October 28, 1958. ... This article cites very few or no references or sources. ... Coat of Arms of Pope John Paul II. The Letter M is for Mary, the mother of Jesus, to whom he held strong devotion Pope John Paul II (Latin: , Italian: Giovanni Paolo II, Polish: Jan PaweÅ‚ II) born   []; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as the 264th Pope of...

The Cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of Cardinal Priests is titled Cardinal protopriest. He had certain ceremonial duties in the conclave that have effectively ceased because he would generally be over the age of 80, past which cardinals are barred from the conclave. Since the death of Franz König, the Cardinal Protopriest has been Stephen Kim Sou-hwan of South Korea. Franz Cardinal König (center) His Eminence Franz Cardinal König (August 3, 1905 – March 13, 2004) was Archbishop of Vienna (1956 - 1985), and a Cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church. ... His Eminence Stephen Cardinal Kim Sou-hwan (born May 8, 1922) is a senior Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and the former Archbishop of Seoul, South Korea. ...

Cardinal Deacon

The Cardinal Deacons are the lowest-ranked of the three orders of Cardinals of the Catholic Church. Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are either officials of the Roman Curia or priests elevated after their eightieth birthday. Bishops with pastoral responsibilities on the other hand are created Cardinal Priests. The Roman Curia — usually called the Vatican — is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See, coordinating and providing the necessary organisation for the correct functioning of the Catholic Church and the achievement of its goals. ...

Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when the Church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal Deacons are given title to one of these deaconries. There were traditionally 14 Cardinal Deacons, but this number has been expanded in recent years. The Prefecture for the of the Pontifical Household, or Papal Household, is an office of the Roman Curia. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ...

Under the 1587 decree of Pope Sixtus V that fixed the maximum size of the College of Cardinals until 1958, there were fourteen diaconates, but the number has increased. As of 2005 there were over fifty recognized titular diaconates, though only thirty cardinals were of the order of Deacons. Cardinal Deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of Cardinal Priests" (optazione) after they have been Cardinal Deacons for ten years, and after this they rank in precedence as if they had been Cardinal Priests from when they first became Cardinals. They may on such elevation take a vacant title (church allotted as the titular dignity of a Cardinal Priest) or their existing diaconate may be elevated to title for that occasion. 1587 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Pope Sixtus V (December 13, 1521 – August 27, 1590), born Felice Peretti, was Pope from 1585 to 1590. ... The Sacred College of Cardinals is the body of all Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church established by Pope St. ... Jan. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Until 1918 it was possible to become a Cardinal without entering Holy Orders, but only the order of Cardinal Deacons was open to those who were not priests. For example, in the 16th century, Reginald Pole was a cardinal for 18 years before he was ordained a priest. After 1918 it was established that all cardinals, even the Cardinal Deacons, had to be priests, and since 1962 all cardinals have been bishops with rare exceptions where permission was granted to decline episcopal consecration because of advanced age. Today, Canon 351 specifically requires that a cardinal be at least in the order of priesthood at his appointment, and those who are not already bishops must receive episcopal consecration, save by dispensation from the Pope. Most of these dispensations have involved eminent theologians who are priests, such as was granted in 2001 to Avery Dulles. 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      Catholic deacon... This article is about religious workers. ... Reginald Pole, cardinal Reginald Pole (1500 - 1558) Archbishop of Canterbury, Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, was the son of Margaret Pole who was the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence. ... To consecrate an inanimate object is to dedicate it in a ritual to a special purpose, usually religious. ... This article is about religious workers. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      This article... Dispensation is the act of distributing goods or services, especially those that are regulated, as in the practice of pharmacists. ... Avery Cardinal Dulles, S.J. (born August 24, 1918) is currently the Laurence J. McGinley Professor of Religion and Society at Fordham University, a position he has held since 1988. ...

Although he is not a bishop, and so could not be assigned to one of the suburbicarian sees, he is entitled to wear the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia (episcopal regalia: mitre, crozier, pectoral cross and ring) and to possess a cardinalatial coat of arms. Pontifical, from the Latin pontificalis, is an adjective used to describe anything connected with the office of a prelate, usually a bishop or an abbot. ... This article is about the ceremonial head-dress; see also mitre (disambiguation). ... A crosier (crozier, pastoral staff) is the stylized staff of office carried by high-ranking Catholic prelates. ... A Pectoral cross (sometimes simply Pectoral, from the Latin pectoralis, of the chest) is a cross, usually large, worn around the neck on a cord or a chain. ...

When not celebrating Mass but still serving a liturgical function, such as the bi-annual Urbi et Orbi Papal Blessing, some Papal masses and some events at Ecumenical Councils, Cardinal Deacons can be recognized by the Dalmatics they would don with the simple white mitre. Urbi et Orbi, literally to the City [of Rome] and to the World, was a standard opening of Roman proclamations. ... Roman Catholic deacon wearing a dalmatic Ornately embroidered dalmatic (shown from the back) The dalmatic is a long wide-sleeved tunic, which serves as a liturgical vestment in the Roman Catholic, Anglican, and United Methodist Churches, sometimes worn by a deacon at the service of worship or mass and, although...

The Cardinal Protodeacon (that is, the senior Cardinal Deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals) has the privilege of announcing a new Pope's election in the famous "Habemus Papam" announcement given from the central loggia at the Basilica of Saint Peter. The current Cardinal Protodeacon is Agostino Cacciavillan. Protodeacon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Habemus Papam (We have a Pope!) at the Council of Constance Habemus Papam is the announcement given in Latin by the senior Cardinal Deacon upon the election of a new pope. ... The Basilica of Saint Peter, portrayed by Viviano Codazzi in a 1630 painting, is the largest church in Christendom and often used by the Pope. ... Agostino Cardinal Cacciavillan was the last Aostolic Pro-Nuncio to the United States. ...

Protodeacons since 1911

Cardinal Protodeacon Medina Estévez announcing the election of Pope Benedict XVI

• Francesco Salesio Della Volpe (January 4, 1911 - November 5, 1916)
• Gaetano Bisleti (November 5, 1916 – December 17, 1928)
• Camillo Laurenti (December 17, 1928 – December 16, 1935)
• Camillo Caccia-Dominioni (December 16, 1935 – November 12, 1946)
• Nicola Canali (November 12, 1946 – August 3, 1961)
• Alfredo Ottaviani (August 3, 1961 – June 26, 1967)
• Arcadio Larraona Saralegui, CMF (June 26, 1967 – April 28, 1969)
• William Heard (April 28, 1969 – May 18, 1970)
• Antonio Bacci (May 18, 1970 – January 20, 1971)
• Michael Browne, OP (January 20, 1971 – March 31, 1971)
• Federico Callori di Vignale (March 31, 1971 – August 8, 1971)
• Charles Journet (August 8, 1971 – March 5, 1973)
• Pericle Felici (March 5, 1973 – June 30, 1979)
• Sergio Pignedoli (June 30, 1979 – June 15, 1980)
• Umberto Mozzoni (June 15, 1980 - February 2, 1983)
• Opilio Rossi (2 February 1983 – 22 June 1987)
• Giuseppe Caprio (22 June 1987 – 26 November 1990)
• Aurelio Sabattani (26 November 1990 – 5 April 1993)
• Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy (5 April 1993 – 29 January 1996)
• Eduardo Martínez Somalo (29 January 1996 – 9 January 1999)
• Pio Laghi (9 January 1999 – 26 February 2002)
• Luigi Poggi (26 February 2002 – 24 February 2005)
• Jorge Medina Estévez (24 February 2005 – 23 February 2007)
• Darío Castrillón Hoyos (23 February 2007 – 1 March 2008)
• Agostino Cacciavillan (1 March 2008 – present)

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Papal Arms of Pope Benedict XVI. The papal tiara was replaced with a bishops mitre, and pallium of the Pope was added beneath the coat of arms. ... Francesco Salesio Cardinal Della Volpe (December 24, 1844 in Ravenna - November 5, 1916 in Rome) was an italian catholic clergyman from a noble family. ... is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... His Most Reverend Eminence Gaetano Cardinal Bisleti S.T.D. (20 March 1856 - 30 August 1937) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and was former Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for Catholic Education. ... is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... Camillo Cardinal Caccia-Dominioni (February 7, 1877—November 12, 1946) was an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. ... is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nicola Cardinal Canali (June 6, 1874—August 3, 1961) was an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. ... is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 215th day of the year (216th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Alfredo Cardinal Ottaviani, PhD, STD, JCD (October 29, 1890—August 3, 1979) was an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. ... is the 215th day of the year (216th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... William Theodore Heard born 24 February 1884 in Edinburgh, died 16 September 1973 at The Venerable English Collegein Rome, was a cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Antonio Cardinal Bacci was a senior Roman Catholic cardinal noted for his approval of the Ottaviani Intervention. ... is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar, known as the year of cyclohexanol. ... Michael Cardinal Browne, OP (May 6, 1887—March 31, 1971) was an Irish prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. ... “Dominicans” redirects here. ... is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar, known as the year of cyclohexanol. ... is the 90th day of the year (91st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar, known as the year of cyclohexanol. ... is the 90th day of the year (91st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar, known as the year of cyclohexanol. ... is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar, known as the year of cyclohexanol. ... is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar, known as the year of cyclohexanol. ... This article is about the day. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... Pericle Felici (August 1, 1911, Segni, Rome - March 22, 1982, Foggia) was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. ... This article is about the day. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... Sergio Cardinal Pignedoli (June 4, 1910 - June 15, 1980) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and a member of the Roman Curia in Vatican City. ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... is the 166th day of the year (167th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 166th day of the year (167th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... Opilio Cardinal Rossi (14 May 1910 - February 9, 2004) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and was former President of the Pontifical Council for the Laity. ... is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... Giuseppe Cardinal Caprio (November 15, 1914 - October 15, 2005), was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. ... is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 330th day of the year (331st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ... His Eminence Aurelio Cardinal Sabattani JUD (18 October 1912—19 April 2003) was an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. ... is the 330th day of the year (331st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 95th day of the year (96th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... His Eminence Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy (born Feb 5, 1924) is an Indian clergyman, the Cardinal Priest of S. Maria delle Grazie alle Fornaci fuori Porta Cavalleggeri and Prefect Emeritus of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches in the Roman Catholic Church. ... is the 95th day of the year (96th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... His Eminence Eduardo Cardinal Martínez Somalo JCD (born March 31, 1927) is a Spanish prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. ... is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Pío Cardinal Laghi (born May 21, 1922) is a Roman Catholic Cardinal who has served in the diplomatic service of the Holy See and in the Roman Curia. ... is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... His Eminence Luigi Cardinal Poggi JUD (born November 25, 1917 in Piacenza) is an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. ... is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Cardinal Medina Estévez announcing the election of Pope Benedict XVI Jorge Arturo Agustín Medina Estévez (born December 23, 1926 in Santiago, Chile) is a Chilean Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. ... is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 54th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Darío Cardinal Castrillón Hoyos (born July 4, 1929) is a Colombian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. ... is the 54th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... Agostino Cardinal Cacciavillan was the last Aostolic Pro-Nuncio to the United States. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ...

Lay cardinals

Main article: Lay cardinal

At various times there have been lay cardinals, i.e. cardinals who were not ordained clergymen. Giacomo Antonelli and Teodolfo Merkel were among the last of those. From the papacy of John XXIII, only priests may be appointed cardinal (Canon 351), and with rare exception is expected to be ordained a bishop if he is not already a bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, a lay cardinal is a cardinal who is not an ordained clergyman, a status that was abolished in the early 20th century with the requirement that cardinals be ordained clergy. ... In the Roman Catholic Church, a lay cardinal is a cardinal who is not an ordained clergyman, a status that was abolished in the early 20th century with the requirement that cardinals be ordained clergy. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      Catholic deacon... His Eminence Giacomo Cardinal Antonelli (April 2, 1806 – November 6, 1876), Italian lay cardinal, was born at Sonnino. ... See also: 15th-century Antipope John XXIII. Pope John XXIII (Latin: ; Italian: ), born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (November 25, 1881 – June 3, 1963), known as Blessed John XXIII since his beatification, was elected as the 261st Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City on October 28, 1958. ...

In pectore and secret cardinals

In addition to the named cardinals, the Pope may name secret cardinals or cardinals in pectore (Latin for in the breast). In pectore (Latin for in the breast/heart) is a term used in the Roman Catholic Church to refer to the power of the pope to name secret cardinals whose names are not revealed and whose identities are therefore known only to the pope and to God. ...

Cardinals in pectore

During the Western Schism many cardinals were created by the contending popes. Beginning with the reign of Pope Martin V,^[1] cardinals were created without publishing their names until later, termed creati et reservati in pectore. A cardinal named in pectore is known only to the Pope; not even the cardinal so named is necessarily aware of his elevation, and in any event cannot function as a cardinal while his appointment is in pectore. Today, cardinals are named in pectore to protect them or their congregations from reprisals if their identities were known. Historical map of the Western Schism: red is support for Avignon, blue for Rome The Western Schism or Papal Schism (also known as the Great Schism of Western Christianity) was a split within the Catholic Church (1378 - 1417). ... Martin V, né Oddone Colonna or Odo Colonna (1368 – February 20, 1431), Pope from 1417 to 1431, was elected on St. ...

If conditions change, so that the Pope judges it safe to make the appointment public, he may do so at any time. The cardinal in question then ranks in precedence with those raised to the cardinalate at the time of his in pectore appointment. If a Pope dies before revealing the identity of an in pectore cardinal, the cardinalate expires. Some speculate that the Pope could leave instructions in writing, perhaps in his will, for the appointment to be made known after his death; but it is difficult to imagine a case in which the Pope would consider that his own death would remove the obstacle in the way of publishing the name.

Pope John Paul II named four cardinals in pectore during his pontificate. Three of the names were published later.^[14][15] Coat of Arms of Pope John Paul II. The Letter M is for Mary, the mother of Jesus, to whom he held strong devotion Pope John Paul II (Latin: , Italian: Giovanni Paolo II, Polish: Jan PaweÅ‚ II) born   []; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as the 264th Pope of...

Secret cardinals

The secret creations, instead, are different than those created and reserved in pectore. They are known to the other cardinals. Pope Martin V was the first pope who created cardinals without "publishing" them at the same time (secret creation), while it was Pope Paul III who created the first cardinals in pectore.^[16] Martin V, né Oddone Colonna or Odo Colonna (1368 – February 20, 1431), Pope from 1417 to 1431, was elected on St. ... Pope Paul III with his cardinal-nephew Alessandro Cardinal Farnese (left) and his other grandson (right), Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma Pope Paul III (February 29, 1468 – November 10, 1549), born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1534 to his death 1549. ...

Vesture and privileges

The choir dress of a cardinal: red cassock, rochet trimmed with lace, red mozetta,and pectoral cross on cord. At the bottom, from left to right: zucchetto, white damask mitre and fringed facia (window display at Gammarelli's, via Santa Chiara, Rome

Excluding the rochet, which is always white, a Latin-rite cardinal wears scarlet garments- the blood-like red symbolizes a cardinal's willingness to die for his faith.^[17][18] When in choir dress, including the cassock, mozzetta, zucchetto, and biretta. Until the 1460s it was customary for cardinals to wear a violet or blue cape unless granted the privilege of wearing red when acting on papal business. His normal-wear simar is black but has scarlet piping and a scarlet fascia (sash-like belt). Occasionally, a cardinal wears a scarlet ferraiolo which is a cape worn over the shoulders, tied in a bow by narrow strips of cloth in the front, without any 'trim' or piping on it. (It is because of the scarlet color of cardinals' vesture that the bird of the same name has become known as such.)^[19] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (550x741, 86 KB) Description: Vestments of a cardinal: red cassock, rochet trimmed with lace, red chimere, apostolical cross. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (550x741, 86 KB) Description: Vestments of a cardinal: red cassock, rochet trimmed with lace, red chimere, apostolical cross. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Clergy in Cassocks A Roman Catholic priest from Belgian Congo wearing the Roman cassock. ... A rochet is a vestment generally worn by a Catholic or Anglican Bishop in choir dress. ... For other uses, see Lace (disambiguation). ... Look up mozzetta in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A Pectoral cross (sometimes simply Pectoral, from the Latin pectoralis, of the chest) is a cross, usually large, worn around the neck on a cord or a chain. ... The zucchetto is a small hat worn primarily by Roman Catholic prelates. ... Italian silk damask, 1300s. ... This article is about the ceremonial head-dress; see also mitre (disambiguation). ... A rochet is a vestment generally worn by a Catholic or Anglican Bishop in choir dress. ... Scarlet (from the Persian saqirlat or Latin astacus, crayfish) is a red color with a hue that is somewhat toward the orange. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Clergy in Cassocks A Roman Catholic priest from Belgian Congo wearing the Roman cassock. ... Look up mozzetta in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The zucchetto is a small hat worn primarily by Roman Catholic prelates. ... A traditional black biretta The biretta is a square cap with three or four ridges or peaks, sometimes surmounted by a tuft, traditionally worn by Roman Catholic clergy, as well as by some clergy of the Anglican Communion. ... The Archbishop of Westminster, and the Archbishop of St. ... The ferraiolo or ferraiuolo is a type of cape traditionally worn by clergy in the Roman Catholic Church on formal, non-liturgical occasions. ... Genera Periporphyrus Saltator Caryothraustes Parkerthraustes Rhodothraupis Cardinalis Pheucticus Cyanocompsa Guiraca Passerina Spiza The Cardinals or Cardinalidae are a family of passerine birds found in North and South America. ...

Eastern-rite Cardinals will continue to wear the normal dress appropriate to their rite, though some may line their cassocks with scarlet and wear scarlet fascias, or in some cases, wear Eastern-style cassocks entirely of scarlet (there is a unique photograph of Joseph Cardinal Slypyj of the Ukrainian Catholic Church wearing the traditional eastern bishop's habit and a cardinal's galero). The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church is a successor church to the acceptance of Christianity by Prince Volodymyr (also Vladimir) in Kyiv (Kiev), in 988. ...

George Cardinal Pell wearing the ordinary dress of a Cardinal: black simar (cassock) with red piping and buttons, red fascia (sash), pectoral cross on a chain, and a red zucchetto.

In previous times, at the consistory at which the pope named a new cardinal, he would bestow upon him a distinctive wide-brimmed hat called a galero. Though this custom has been discontinued, and the investiture now takes place with the red biretta, in ecclesiastical heraldry, the scarlet galero is still displayed on the cardinal's coat of arms. Cardinals had the right to display the galero in their cathedral, and when a cardinal died, it would be suspended from the ceiling above his tomb. Some cardinals will still have a galero made, even though it is not officially part of their apparel. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... His Eminence George Cardinal Pell AC (born 8 June 1941), Australian clergyman, has been the Roman Catholic archbishop of Sydney since March 2001 and a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church since October 2003. ... The Archbishop of Westminster, and the Archbishop of St. ... // Antiquity Originally, the Latin word consistorium meant simply sitting together, just as the Greek syn(h)edrion (from which the Biblical sanhedrin was a corruption). ... Upon the death of a cardinal diocesan bishop, his galero is raised above the sanctuary of his cathedral church. ... Cardinals place their coat of arms in their titular church in Rome: arms of Cardinal Darío Castrillón Hoyos at Ecclesiastical heraldry is the tradition of heraldry developed by Christian clergy. ... A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ...

If the cardinal is not already a bishop, he is usually consecrated a bishop upon appointment. The designated cardinal however can petition the pope to dispense him from this requirement. Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      This article... To consecrate an inanimate object is to dedicate it in a ritual to a special purpose, usually religious. ...

When celebrating Mass, a cardinal wears the same vestments as a bishop, even if he has not been consecrated as a bishop. A cardinal deacon, on certain occasions will wear a deacon's dalmatic as well as the episcopal mitre. For other uses, see Mass (disambiguation). ... Vestments are liturgical garments and articles associated primarily with the Christian religions, especially the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Methodists, Lutheran and Anglican Churches. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      This article... Roman Catholic deacon wearing a dalmatic Ornately embroidered dalmatic (shown from the back) The dalmatic is a long wide-sleeved tunic, which serves as a liturgical vestment in the Roman Catholic, Anglican, and United Methodist Churches, sometimes worn by a deacon at the service of worship or mass and, although... This article is about the ceremonial head-dress; see also mitre (disambiguation). ...

To symbolize their bond with the papacy, the pope gives the cardinals he appoints a gold ring, which is traditionally kissed by Catholics when a cardinal is greeted. The pope chooses the image on the outside: under Pope Benedict XVI it is a modern depiction of the crucifixion of Jesus, with Mary and John to each side. The ring includes the pope's coat of arms on the inside. The Pope is the Catholic Bishop and patriarch of Rome, and head of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches. ... Hand-kissing is a ritual of greeting and respect. ... Papal Arms of Pope Benedict XVI. The papal tiara was replaced with a bishops mitre, and pallium of the Pope was added beneath the coat of arms. ... The term Virgin Mary has several different meanings: Mary, the mother of Jesus, the historical and multi-denominational concept of Mary Blessed Virgin Mary, the Roman Catholic theological and doctrinal concept of Mary Marian apparitions shrines to the Virgin Mary Virgin Mary in Islam, the Islamic theological and doctrinal concept... St John the Evangelist, imagined by Jacopo Pontormo, ca 1525 (Santa Felicita, Florence) John the Evangelist (d. ...

Cardinals have a "privilege of forum" (i.e., a right to hear cases) in matters arising directly under canon law. Only the pope is competent to judge them in cases that refer to matters that are spiritual or linked with the spiritual, or with regard to infringement of ecclesiastical laws and whatever contains an element of sin, where culpability must be determined and the appropriate ecclesiastical penalty imposed. The Pope can either pass judgement in person or delegate the decision to a body of the Holy See, such as the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith or the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura. All other ecclesiastical courts, even the Roman Rota, are not considered to have authority over them.^[20] This privilege, however, still leaves cardinals subject to normal civil authority. Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      Canon law is the term used for... An ecclesiastical court (also called Court Christian) is any of certain courts having jurisdiction mainly in spiritual or religious matters. ... The Sacra Rota Romana or Sacred Roman Rota is the second highest tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church. ...

Cardinals in popular culture

• Among others, Vincent Price, Charlton Heston, and Tim Curry have played Cardinal Richelieu in adaptations of The Three Musketeers.
• Orson Welles played Cardinal Thomas Wolsey in the 1966 screen adaptation of A Man for All Seasons, while Anthony Quayle played him in the 1969 film of Anne of the Thousand Days, and Sam Neill played him in the first season of The Tudors (2007).
• Anthony Quinn played the fictional Cardinal Kiril Lakota in The Shoes of the Fisherman (1968).
• George Carlin played the fictional Cardinal Ignatius Glick in Dogma (1999).
• Jonathan Pryce played the fictional Cardinal Daniel Houseman in Stigmata (1995).
• John Huston played the fictional Cardinal Glennon in The Cardinal (1963). That character is not to be confused with the real-life John Cardinal Glennon, who was elevated to that rank by Pope Pius XII in 1946 but then died in Ireland before he could make it back to the United States.
• In the comic book Warrior Nun Areala, Cardinals X, Stark, and Shoc serve as military leaders for the fictional Catholic Corps.
• Richard Chamberlain played the fictional Cardinal Ralph de Bricassart in The Thorn Birds (1983).

Vincent Leonard Price Jr. ... Charlton Heston (born October 4, 1924) is an US-american film actor, known for playing larger-than-life heroic roles such as Moses in The Ten Commandments, Colonel George Taylor in Planet of the Apes, and Judah Ben-Hur in Ben-Hur. ... Timothy James Curry (born April 19, 1946) is an Emmy Award-winning English actor, singer, and composer, perhaps best known for his role as mad scientist Dr. Frank-N-Furter in The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975). ... Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu (September 9, 1585 – December 4, 1642), was a French clergyman, noble, and statesman. ... For other uses, see The Three Musketeers (disambiguation). ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Thomas Cardinal Wolsey, (c. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ... A Man for All Seasons is a 1966 film based on Robert Bolts play of the same name about Sir Thomas More. ... Anthony Quayle Sir John Anthony Quayle (7 September 1913 – 20 October 1989) was an English actor and director. ... Anne of the Thousand Days is an Academy Award-winning 1969 costume drama made by Hal Wallis Productions and distributed by Universal Pictures. ... Sam Neill, DCNZM, OBE (born 14 September 1947) is a British film and television actor. ... The Tudors is an Emmy Award-nominated television series that examines the early reign of Henry VIII, with Jonathan Rhys Meyers in the lead role. ... For other people named Anthony Quinn see Anthony Quinn (disambiguation) Anthony Quinn (April 21, 1915 – June 3, 2001) was a two-time Academy Award-winning Mexican/American actor, as well as a painter and writer. ... The Shoes of the Fisherman is a 1963 novel by Morris West, as well as a 1968 film based on the novel. ... George Denis Patrick Carlin[15] (born May 12, 1937) is a Grammy-winning American stand-up comedian, actor, and author. ... Dogma is a 1999 comedy film, written and directed by Kevin Smith, who stars in the film along with Ben Affleck, Matt Damon, Linda Fiorentino, Alan Rickman, Salma Hayek, Chris Rock, Jason Lee, Jason Mewes, George Carlin, and Alanis Morissette. ... Jonathan Pryce (born John Price; June 1, 1947) is a Welsh stage and film actor. ... Stigmata is a controversial movie directed by Rupert Wainwright that premiered on September 10, 1999. ... John Marcellus Huston (August 5, 1906 – August 28, 1987) was an American film director and actor. ... The Cardinal is a 1963 film which was produced independently and directed by Otto Preminger, and distributed by Columbia Pictures. ... Cardinal Glennon John Joseph Glennon (June 14, 1862-March 9, 1946) was the Roman Catholic Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis, from 1903 to his death in 1946. ... Sister Shannon is in the foreground. ... Sister Shannon and Father Gomez, characters from Warrior Nun Areala Many Warrior Nun Areala comics have been published over the years and given the serial nature of her adventures they have developed a wide circle of heroes. ... The Catholic Corps is a fictional a fictional military order in the Warrior Nun Areala universe and appears in several comic books published by Antarctic Press. ... Richard Chamberlain, right, as John Blackthorne, and John Rhys-Davies, left, as the Portuguese Pilot Vasco Rodrigues in the Shogun television miniseries. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

See also

• List of Titular Churches in Rome
• Cardinal-nephew
• Cardinal protector
• College of Cardinals (organized by date of appointment)
• List of cardinals (organized alphabetically)
• List of Cardinals by country
• American Cardinals Dinner

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tituli cardinales // This is a list of titular churches in Rome. ... Pietro Ottoboni, the last Cardinal Nephew, painted by Francesco Trevisani A cardinal-nephew (Latin: ;[1] Italian: ;[2] Spanish: ; French: )[3] is a cardinal elevated by a pope who is that cardinals uncle, or more generally, his relative. ... ... The Sacred College of Cardinals is the body of all Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church established by Pope St. ... The following is an alphabetical list of the Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, updated since the March 2006 first creations made by Benedict XVI. List of Cardinals by country contains the same entries ordered by the continents and countries from which they come. ... The following is a list of the current Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, organized by their country of origin. ... The American Cardinals Dinner is an annual fundrasier to benefit The Catholic University of America. ...

Bibliography

•  Battandier, Albert (1913). "Ecclesiastical Addresses". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved on 2007-02-06. 
• Noonan, Jr., James-Charles (1996). The Church Visible: The Ceremonial Life and Protocol of the Roman Catholic Church. Viking. ISBN 0-670-86745-4. 
•  Sägmüller, Johannes Baptist (1913). "Cardinal". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved on 2007-02-06. 
• Giga-Catholic Information on all Cardinals
  • List of All Cardinals by Precedence by Giga-Catholic Information
  • List of all Cardinal Titular Churches by Giga-Catholic Information
  • List of all Cardinal Deaconries by Giga-Catholic Information
• Examination of the ring of Cardinal O'Malley with pictures
• Catholic-pages List of Cardinals

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References

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