Maintaining a diet conducive to cardovascular health, for example the polymeal
Getting regular cardiovascular exercise
Diet
a low energy diet
Exercise
aerobic exercise, which will increase the strength of the heart
Treatment
Treatment of cardiovascular disease depends on the specific form of the disease in each patient, but effective treatment always includes lifestyle changes consistent with prevention. Medications, such as blood_pressure_reducing medications, aspirin, and other treatments, may be involved. In some circumstances, surgery may be warranted to repair or replace damaged blood vessels or heart tissue.
Research
The causes, prevention, and treatment of all forms of cardiovascular disease are active fields of biomedical research.
The causes, prevention, and/or treatment of all forms of cardiovasculardisease are active fields of biomedical research, with hundreds of scientific studies being published on a weekly basis.
Cardiovasculardisease is rarely caused by a single frailty.
In addition to causing cardiovasculardisease by increasing the incidence of blood clots, hyperhomocysteinemia triggers atherosclerosis by encouraging smooth muscle cell proliferation, intimal-medial wall thickness, thromboxane A2 activity, lipid abnormalities, and the binding of Lp(a) to fibrin (Magott 1998; Sandrick 2000).
Although the incidence of hypertension, thrombotic stroke, peripheral vascular disease (gangrene), blood vessel toxicity, and the risk of heart attack escalate as homocysteine levels increase, homocysteine levels are not routinely evaluated in a cardiovascular work-up.
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