Cardioviruses belong to the family of viruses known as Picornaviridae and contains just one species, encephalomyocarditis virus. The virus infects vertebrates. The virion is non-enveloped and contains a strand on positive sense, single stranded RNA. The virion shows icosahedral symmetry and is around 30nm in diameter. The 3’ end of the genome encodes a polyA tail while the 5’ end encodes a genome linked protein. The virus can cause encephalitis and myocarditis, mostly in rodents, which are natural hosts. The virus is transmitted from the rodents to other animals. Severe epidemics have been seen in swine and elephants.[1] Viruses can be classified in several ways, such as by their geometry, by whether they have envelopes, by the identity of the host organism they can infect, by mode of transmission, or by the type of disease they cause. ... An RNA virus is a virus that either uses RNA as its genetic material, or whose genetic material passes through an RNA intermediate during replication. ... Genera Enterovirus Rhinovirus Hepatovirus Cardiovirus Apthovirus Parechovirus Erbovirus Kobuvirus Teschovirus Picornaviruses are viruses that belong to the family Picornaviridae. ... Genera Enterovirus Rhinovirus Hepatovirus Cardiovirus Apthovirus Parechovirus Erbovirus Kobuvirus Teschovirus Picornaviruses are viruses that belong to the family Picornaviridae. ... Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid polymer consisting of covalently bound nucleotides. ... Polyadenylation is the covalent linkage of a polyadenylyl moiety to a messenger RNA molecule. ... Binomial name Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 Synonyms The domestic pig is usually given the scientific name Sus scrofa, though some authors call it , reserving for the wild boar. ... Genera and Species Loxodonta Loxodonta cyclotis Loxodonta africana Elephas Elephas maximus Elephas recki †Stegodon †Mammuthus †Elephantidae (the elephants) is a family of animals, and the only remaining family in the order Proboscidea. ...
References
^ Fenner, Frank J.; Gibbs, E. Paul J.; Murphy, Frederick A.; Rott, Rudolph; Studdert, Michael J.; White, David O. (1993). Veterinary Virology (2nd ed.). Academic Press, Inc. ISBN 0-12-253056-X.
Cardiovirus : characterized by instability at pH 6 in the presence of halide ions and of a long polycytidylic acid tract near the 5' end of its RNA genome.
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By replacing the disease-causing segment of the cardiovirus' genome with genes that make proteins from other disease-causing agents, Palmenberg has transformed the lowly cardiovirus into a potential multipurpose vaccine.
What's built in, preferably, is a gene that codes for an antigen, a structure that sits on the surface of an invading cell or virus, and that, when read by an animal's immune system, alerts the host's natural defenses to take action.
The result is a lifelong immune response, protecting the inoculated animal from the disease pathogen whose antigen gene has been engineered into the cardiovirus.
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