Carl Auer von Welsbach ( September 9 is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years). There are 113 days remaining. Events 1000 - Battle of Swold 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Habsburg lands between the Habsburg Dukes Albert III and Leopold III 1513 - In the Battle of Flodden Field James IV... 9 September 1858 is a common year starting on Friday. Events January 14 - Felice Orsini and his accomplices fail to assassinate Napoleon III in Paris but their bombs kill 156 bystanders. Because of the involvement of French émigrés living in Britain, there is a brief anti-British feeling in France but... 1858 - April 8 is the 98th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (99th in leap years). There are 267 days remaining in the year. Events 217 Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated (and succeeded) by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus 1730 - Shearith Israel, the first synagogue in New... 8 April 1929 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). Events January January 2 - Canada and the United States agree on a plan to preserve Niagara Falls. January 9 - The Seeing Eye is established with the mission to train dogs to assist the blind ( Nashville, Tennessee... 1929) was an The Republic of Austria (German Republik Österreich) is a landlocked country in Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Hungary to the east, Italy to the south, and Liechtenstein to the west. The state is a representative democracy governed in accordance with principles of Parliamentarism. National motto: none Official... Austrian A scientist is a person who is expert in an area of science and who uses scientific methods in research. Traditionally mathematics has been grouped with the sciences, but in modern times people tend not to regard mathematicians as scientists. Mathematical discoveries generally appear to be arrived at differently than... scientist and An inventor is a person who creates new inventions, typically technical devices such as mechanical, electrical or software devices or methods. Although some inventors may also be scientists, most base their work on the discoveries of other scientists, experimenting with practical applications and combinations of those discoveries, and with improvements... inventor who had a talent for not only discovering advances, but turning them into commercially successful products. He is particularly well known for his work on the A rare earth is an oxide of a rare earth element. Often rare earth elements themselves are loosely called rare earths. Rare earth elements, or metals, are the lanthanides and actinides. They come from the f-block. They are: lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium... rare earth elements, which led to the development of the Pebble beach made up of flint nodules eroded out of the nearby chalk cliffs, Cape Arkona, Rügen Flint (or flintstone) is a hard, sedimentary cryptocrystalline silica rock with a glassy appearance. Flint is usually dark grey, blue, black, or deep brown in colour. It occurs chiefly as nodules and... flint used in modern See: Lighter (fire starter) - a handheld fire starter Lighter (barge) - a type of barge Lighter than air This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an article link referred you here, you might want to go back... lighters, the A gas mantle is a device that gives off considerable light when heated. The name refers to its original power source, existing gas lights which filled the streets of Europe and North America in the late 19th century, mantle referring to the way it hung above the flame. Today they... gas mantle which brought light to the streets of Europe in the late 1800s, and the development of the metal filament The incandescent light bulb uses a glowing wire filament heated to white-hot by electrical resistance, to generate light (a process known as thermal radiation). The bulb is the glass enclosure which keeps the filament in a vacuum or low-pressure noble gas, or a halogen gas in the case... light bulb.

Welsbach was born in This article is about the city and federal state in Austria. For other places or things called Vienna, see Vienna (disambiguation). Vienna (German: Wien [viːn]) is the capital of Austria, and also one of Austrias nine federal states (Bundesland Wien). Situated on both sides of the river... Vienna, son of Therese and Alois Ritter Auer von Welsbach, director of the Imperial printing office (Staatsdruckerei) in the days of the Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k.u.k. monarchy), was a dualistic state (1867 –1918) in which the Kingdom of Hungary enjoyed self-government and representation in joint affairs (principally foreign relations and defence) with the western and northern lands of the Austrian Empire... Austro-Hungarian Empire. Carl went to secondary school in Mariahilf is the sixth district of Vienna, with a population of 27,867 (2001) within an area of 1.48 km². Location Mariahilf is located southwest of Viennas center (1st district). In the north, Mariahilfer Straße, Viennas most important shopping street, is its border to Neubau, in... Mariahilf and Josefstadt is the eighth district of Vienna, with a population of 22,057 people ( 2001). With an area of 1,08 km², Josefstadt is the smallest district in Vienna. It consists of the former villages of Josefstadt, Breitenfeld, Strozzigrund, and Alt-Lerchenfeld, as well as parts of St. Ulrich... Josefstadt before graduating in 1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). Events January - April January 1 - Queen Victoria proclaimed Empress of India by the Royal Titles Act, introduced by United Kingdom Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli. January 8 - Crazy Horse and his warriors fight their last battle with the United... 1877, and joining the Army as a Second Lieutenant is the lowest commissioned rank in many armed forces. In the United States Army, the rank bore no insignia until 1917 when a gold bar was introduced to contrast with the silver bar of a First Lieutenant. As a result those in the rank have often been referred... Second Lieutenant.

In Events January - April January – Cleopatras Needle arrives in London January 9 - Humbert I becomes King of Italy January 23 – Disraeli orders British fleet to Dardanelles January 28 - The Yale News becomes the first daily, college newspaper in the United States. January 31 - Turkey agrees to armistice at... 1878 he entered the The University of Vienna (German: Universität Wien) was founded in 1365 by Rudolph IV and hence named Alma mater Rudolphina. It is the second oldest German speaking university. The University of Prague was founded in 1348, the university of Heidelberg in 1386. To distinguish it from other Viennese universities... University of Vienna, studying math, general -1... chemistry, engineering Physics (from the Greek, φυσικός (physikos), natural, and φύσις (physis), Nature) is the science of Nature in the broadest sense. Physicists study the behavior and properties of matter in a wide variety of contexts, ranging from the sub-microscopic particles... physics, and Thermodynamics (Greek: thermos = heat and dynamic = change) is the physics of energy, heat, work, entropy and the spontaneity of processes. Thermodynamics is closely related to statistical mechanics from which many thermodynamic relationships can be derived. While dealing with processes in which systems exchange matter or energy, classical thermodynamics is not... thermodynamics. He then moved to the The Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg (German Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; also known as simply University of Heidelberg) was established in the town of Heidelberg in the Rhineland in 1386. The Latin name is Ruperto Carola Heidelbergensis. It is a member of the Coimbra Group and the LERU. The... University of Heidelberg in 1880 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). Events January - April January 1 - Construction of the Panama Canal begins February 1 - First edition of The Stage published February 2 - The first electric streetlight is installed in Wabash, Indiana February 13 - Thomas Edison becomes the second person... 1880, where he continued his studies in chemistry under the direction of Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (31st March, 1811 – 16th August, 1899) was a German chemist. He perfected the burner that was named after him, invented by British chemist/physicist Michael Faraday, and worked on emission spectroscopy of heated elements. Bunsen was the youngest of four sons. After attending school in Holzminden... Robert Bunsen (inventor of the A simple bunsen burner with needle valve. A Bunsen burner is a device used in chemistry for heating. It is named after Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, whose laboratory assistant, Peter Desdega, in 1855 perfected an earlier design by Michael Faraday. The device safely burns a continuous stream of gas without the... bunsen burner). He received his Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), an abbreviation for the Latin Philosophiæ Doctor, or in non-Anglo-Saxon (e.g. German and Scandinavian) usage Doctor philosophiæ, Dr. phil.) was originally a degree granted by a university to a learned individual who had achieved the approval of his peers and... Ph.D. in 1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). Events February 2 - The Knights of Columbus are formed in New Haven, Connecticut February 7 - In Mississippi City the last heavyweight boxing championship bareknuckle fight takes place. February 14 - Llanelli Conservative Association founded. March 2 – Robert Maclean... 1882, and returned to Vienna to work as an unpaid assistant in Prof. Lieben's laboratory, working with chemical separation methods for investigations on rare earth elements.

In 1885 is a common year starting on Thursday. Events January January 4 - The first successful appendectomy is performed by Dr. William W. Grant on Mary Gartside. January 20 - L.A. Thompson patents the roller coaster. January 26 - Troops loyal to the Mahdi conquer Khartoum February February 5 - King Leopold II... 1885 he used a method he developed himself to separate didymium for the first time. He saw several different colored versions which he named praseodymium (green) and neodidymium (pink); the latter then became the more common name for the element, General Name, Symbol, Number Neodymium, Nd, 60 Chemical series Lanthanides Group, Period, Block _ , 6 , f Density, Hardness 6800 kg/m3, no data Appearance silvery white, yellowish tinge Atomic properties Atomic weight 144.24(3) amu Atomic radius (calc.) 185 (206) pm Covalent radius no data van der Waals radius... neodymium.

Later that year he received a patent on his development of the gas mantle, which he called Auerlicht, using a chemical mixture of 60% Magnesium oxide is a white solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium. See also oxide. Categories: Oxides ... magnesium oxide, 20% lanthanum oxide and 20% yttrium oxide which he called Actinophor. To produce a mantle, Nitrocellulose (Cellulose nitrate, guncotton) is a highly flammable compound formed by nitrating cellulose (e.g. through exposure to nitric acid or powerful nitrating agent). Uses Nitrocellulose was used until World War II as a smokeless propellant, replacing gunpowder. Used in plastics Used in films Nitrocellulose paper is a sticky membrane... guncotton is impregnated with a mixture of Actinophor and then heated, the cotton eventually burns away leaving a solid (albeit fragile) ash which glows brightly when heated. These original mantles gave off a green-tinted light and were not very successful, and his first company formed to sell them failed in Events January-April January 8 - Herman Hollerith receives a patent for his electric tabulating machine January 22 - Columbia Phonograph is formed in Washington, DC. February 11 - Japan adopted; 1st Diet convenes in 1890 January 30 ? Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria and his mistress Marie Vetsera commit a double suicide... 1889.

In Events January 2 - Alice Sanger becomes the first female staffer for the U.S. White House. January 25 - The United Mine Workers of America is founded. January 25 - Nellie Bly completes her round-the-world journey in 72 days. March 1 - Léon Bourgeois succeeds Ernest Constans as French Minister... 1890 he introduced a new form of the mantle based on a mixture of 99% Thorium dioxide (ThO2), also called thorium(IV) oxide (IUPAC) is a white, crystalline powder. It was formerly known as thoria or thorina. It is produced mainly as a by-product of lanthanide and uranium production[1]. The compound is radioactive due to the radioactivity of thorium. Thorium dioxide can be... thorium oxide and 1% Cerium oxide, or ceric oxide, is a pale yellow-white powder, CeO2. It is used in ceramics, to polish glass, and to sensitize photosensitive glass. Categories: Inorganic chemistry | Chemistry stubs ... cerium oxide which he developed in collaboration with his colleague Dr. Haittinger. These proved both more robust as well as having a much "whiter" light. Another company founded to produce the newer design was formed in 1891 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). Events January 1 - Paying of old age pensions begins in Germany January 20 - James Hogg becomes the first native Texan to be governor of that state. January 29 - Liliuokalani proclaimed Queen of Hawaii March 3 - The International Copyright... 1891, and the device quickly spread throughout Europe.

He then started work on development of metal-filament mantles, first with Platinum is also a certification by the RIAA and other world recording industries, see: RIAA certification General Name, Symbol, Number Platinum, Pt, 78 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10 , 6, d Density, Hardness 21.45 Mg/m³, 3.5 Appearance grayish white Atomic properties Atomic weight 195.078... platinum wiring, and then General Name, Symbol, Number Osmium, Os, 76 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8 (VIIIB), 6, d Density, Hardness 22610 kg/m3, 7 Appearance Silvery, Blue Cast Atomic properties Atomic weight 190.23 amu Atomic radius (calc.) 130 (185) pm Covalent radius 128 pm van der Waals radius no... osmium. Osmium is very difficult to work with, but he developed a new method which mixed osmium oxide powder with This article is about the material rubber, for other uses see Rubber (disambiguation) Rubber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer which occurs as a milky emulsion (known as latex) in the sap of a number of plants but can also be produced synthetically. The major commercial source of the latex used... rubber or This article deals with sugar as food and as an important, widely traded commodity; the word also has other uses; see Sugar (disambiguation) A sugar is a form of carbohydrate; the most commonly used sugar is a white crystalline solid, sucrose; used to alter the flavor and properties (mouthfeel, perservation... sugar into a paste, which is then squeezed through a nozzle and fired. The paste burns away, leaving a fine wire of osmium.

Although originally intended to be a new mantle, it was during this period that The article on electrical energy is located elsewhere. Electricity is a property of certain subatomic particles (e.g. electrons / protons) which couples to electromagnetic fields and causes attractive and repulsive forces between them. Electricity gives rise to one of the four fundamental forces of nature, and is a conserved property... electricity was being introduced into the market, and he started experimenting with ways to use the filaments as a replacement for the electric The 300,000-watt Plasma Arc Lamp in the Infrared Processing Center (IPC) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory An arc lamp is a device that produces light by the sparking (or arcing, from voltaic arc) of a high current between two carbon rod electrodes. The rods are touched and then... arc light. He worked on this until finally developing a workable technique in 1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). Events January January 1 - New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx, and Staten Island. January 13 - Emile... 1898, and started a new factory to produce his Auer-Oslight, which he introduced commercially in Events January-April January 28 - The Carnegie Institution is founded in Washington, DC with a $10 million gift from Andrew Carnegie. France, Loisys Lévangile et lEglise which inaugurates the Modernist Crisis February 11 - Police beat up universal suffrage demonstrators in Brussels. February 15 – Berlin underground opened... 1902. The metal filament light bulb was a huge improvement on the existing carbon filament designs, lasting much longer, using about 1/2 the electricity for the same amount of light, and being much more robust.

In 1903 - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes.css; @import /skins/monobook/IE55Fixes.css; @import /skins/monobook/IE60Fixes.css; /**/ 1903 From Wikipedia 1903 has the latest occurring solstices and equinoxes for 400 years, because the Gregorian calendar hasnt had a leap year for seven years or a century leap year since... 1903 he won another patent for what is today known as a "flint", although the term is not well-applied. Welsbach's flints consisted of pyrophoric alloys, 70% General Name, Symbol, Number Cerium, Ce, 58 Chemical series Lanthanides Group, Period, Block _ , 6, d Density, Hardness 6689 kg/m3, 2.5 Appearance silvery white Atomic properties Atomic weight 140.116 u Atomic radius (calc.) 185 (no data) pm Covalent radius no data pm van der Waals radius no... cerium and 30% General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metal Group, Period, Block 8 (VIIIB), 4 , d Density, Hardness 7874 kg/m3, 4.0 Appearance lustrous metallic with a greyish tinge Atomic properties Atomic weight 55.845 amu Atomic radius (calc.) 140 (156) pm Covalent radius 125 pm van... iron, which when scratched or struck would give off sparks. This system remains in wide use in A metal naphtha lighter A lighter is a device used to create fire with the intent to ignite another substance such as a cigarette, smoking pipe, or charcoal in a grill. It consists of a metal or plastic container filled with lighter fluid (usually naphtha or liquid butane under pressure... cigarette lighters today. In 1907 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January January 6 - Maria Montessori opens her first school and daycare center for working class children in Rome (Casa dei Bambini in San Lorenzo). January 14 - An earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica kills more than a 1,000... 1907 he formed Treibacher Chemische Werke GesmbH to build and market the devices

Over the rest of his life he turned again to "pure" chemistry and published a number of papers on chemical separation and Spectroscopy is the study of spectra, ie. the dependence of a physical measure to frequency. Spectroscopy is often used in physical and analytical chemistry for the identification of substances, through the spectrum emitted or absorbed. A device for recording a spectrum is a spectrometer. Spectroscopy can be classified according to... spectroscopy. He presented a major paper on his work on the separation of Radioactive decay is the set of various processes by which unstable atomic nuclei (nuclides) emit subatomic particles. Decay is said to occur in the parent nucleus and produce a daughter nucleus. The trefoil symbol is used to indicate radioactive material. The Unicode encoding of this symbol is U+2622 (☢... radioactive elements in 1922 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). Events January 7 - Dáil Éireann, the extra-legal parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64-57 votes. January 10 - Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éireann... 1922.

External link

• Auer von Welsbach Museum (http://www.althofen.at/AvW-Museum/Englisch/menue_e.htm)