Carl Hagenbeck

Carl Hagenbeck (1844-1913) was a merchant in wild animals and future entrepreneur of many European zoos. He is often considered as the father of the modern zoo. However, his pioneer role in displaying human beings aside animals, in what has been called "human zoos," is less well known. Wild, in zoology or botany, is a rough if problematic antonym to domesticated: see wildlife. ... For the computer game previously called Entrepreneur, see The Corporate Machine. ... Giraffes in Sydneys Taronga Zoo A zoological garden, zoological park, or zoo is a facility in which animals are confined within enclosures and displayed to the public, and in which they may also be bred. ... Giraffes in Sydneys Taronga Zoo A zoological garden, zoological park, or zoo is a facility in which animals are confined within enclosures and displayed to the public, and in which they may also be bred. ... Human Zoo (Völkerschau) in Stuttgart (Germany) in 1928 A Human zoo (also called ethnological expositions or Negro Villages) was a 19th and 20th century public exhibit of human beings usually in their natural or primitive state. ...

When Carl was 14, his father, an amateur animal trainer, gave him some seals and a polar bear. Carl's collection of animals grew until he needed large buildings to keep them in. Hagenbeck left his home in Hamburg, Germany, to go with hunters and explorers to jungles and snow-clad mountains. He captured animals in nearly every land in the world. In 1874, he decided to exhibit Samoan and Sami people (Laplanders) as "purely natural" populations, with their tents, weapons, sleds, aside a group of reindeers ^[1][2] An animal trainer is a person who trains animals to perform specific acts in response to conditions or stimuli. ... // Look up seal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Binomial name Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774 Polar bear range The polar bear (Ursus maritimus), also known as the white bear, northern bear, sea bear, or nanuq in some Inuit languages, is a species of bear that is native to the Arctic and the apex predator within its range. ... Hamburg from above Hamburgs motto: May the posterity endeavour with dignity to conserve the freedom, which the forefathers acquired. ... The Sami people (also Sámi, Saami, Lapps and Laplanders) are the indigenous people of Sápmi, which encompasses parts of northern Sweden, Norway, Finland and the Kola Peninsula of Russia. ... Scene from winter nearly anywhere snow may fall on a handy hill—Children at play sledding. ... Binomial name Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758) Reindeer map The reindeer, known as caribou when wild in North America, is an Arctic and Subarctic-dwelling deer (Rangifer tarandus). ...

In 1875, Hagenbeck began to exhibit his animals in all the large cities of Europe as well as in the United States.

In 1876, he sent a collaborator to the Egyptian Sudan to bring back some wild beasts and Nubians. The Nubian exhibit was very successful in Europe and toured Paris, London, and Berlin. He also dispatched an agent to Labrador to secure a number of "Esquimaux" (Inuit) from the settlement of Hopedale; these Inuit were exhibited in his Hamburg Tierpark ^[1]. Hagenbeck's exhibit of human beings, considered as "savages", in a "natural state," was the probable source of inspiration for Geoffroy de Saint-Hilaire's similar "human zoo" exhibition in the Jardin d'acclimatation in Paris. Saint-Hilaire organized in 1877 two "ethnological exhibitions," presenting Nubians and Inuits to the public, thus succeeding to double the entrees of the zoo ^[1]. The Nubians are an ethnic group in Egypt and Sudan. ... For other uses, see Inuit (disambiguation). ... Hopedale is the name of several places: In Canada, Hopedale, Labrador In the United States: Hopedale, Massachusetts Hopedale, Ohio This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Look up savage in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Human Zoo (Völkerschau) in Stuttgart (Germany) in 1928 A Human zoo (also called ethnological expositions or Negro Villages) was a 19th and 20th century public exhibit of human beings usually in their natural or primitive state. ... Ethnology (greek ethnos: (non-greek, barbarian) people) is a genre of anthropological study, involving the systematic comparison of the folklore, beliefs and practices of different societies. ...

Carl Hagenbeck also trained animals to sell to circuses at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois, in 1893. Hagenbeck's circus was one of the most popular attractions. His collection included large animals and reptiles. Many of of the animals were trained to do tricks. He crossbred in 1900 a female lion with a Bengal tiger, and sold the hybrid $2 millions to the Portuguese zoologist Bisiano Mazinho. The Big Top of Billy Smarts Circus Cambridge 2004. ... One-third scale replica of Daniel Chester Frenchs Republic, which stood in the great basin at the exposition, Chicago, 2004 The Worlds Columbian Exposition (also called The Chicago Worlds Fair), a Worlds Fair, was held in Chicago in 1893, to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher... The term crossbreed or crossbred refers to a domestic animal where the breed status of only one parent or grandparent is known. ... Binomial name Panthera leo (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution of Lions in Africa Synonyms Felis leo (Linnaeus, 1758) The lion (Panthera leo) is a mammal of the family Felidae and one of four big cats in the genus Panthera. ... Trinomial name Panthera tigris tigris (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution map The Bengal Tiger or Royal Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) is a subspecies of tiger found in parts of India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan,Myanmar and in the south of Tibet. ... Zoology (Greek zoon = animal and logos = word) is the biological discipline which involves the study of animals. ...

However, Hagenbeck dreamed of a permanent exhibit where animals could live in surroundings much like their natural homes. This dream came true in 1907 when he opened his great zoo at Stellingen, near Hamburg, Germany. Today his ideas are followed by most large zoos. He founded the Tierpark Hagenbeck in 1907, which still exists.

In 1905, Hagenbeck used his outstanding skills as an animal collector to capture a thousand camels for the German Empire to use in Africa. He described his adventures and his methods of capturing and training animals in a book, Beasts and Men, published in 1908. Species Camelus bactrianus Camelus dromedarius Camelus gigas Camelus hesternus Camelus sivalensis Camels are even-toed ungulates in the genus Camelus. ... Motto: Gott mit Uns (German: God with us”) Anthem: Heil dir im Siegerkranz (unofficial) Territory of the German Empire in 1914, prior to World War I Capital Berlin Language(s) Official: German Unofficial minority languages: Polish (Posen, Lower Silesia,Upper Silesia, Masuria) French (Alsace-Lorraine) Government Constitutional monarchy Emperor  - 1871...

References

Le Monde diplomatique (nicknamed Le Diplo by its French readers) is a monthly publication offering analysis and opinion on politics, culture, and current affairs. ...

Bibliography

• Eric T. Jennings, Visions and Representations of French Empire, The Journal of Modern History, volume 77 (2005), pages 701–721 DOI: 10.1086/497721
• Ilinca Iurascu, "Seeing Race in Time: The Berlin Arcades and the Age of Accelerated", University of Pennsylvania

See also

• Zoo
• Human zoo