Carl "Tooey" Spaatz (June 28, 1891 – July 14, 1974) was an American general in World War II. Picture of Carl Spaatz from http://www. ... (Some entries on this page have been duplicated on August 1. ... 1891 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... July 14 is the 195th day (196th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 170 days remaining. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) is a common year starting on Tuesday (click on link for calendar). ... Combatants Allied Powers Axis Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties 17 million military deaths 7 million military deaths World War II, also known as the Second World War (sometimes WW2 or WWII), was a mid-20th century conflict that engulfed much of the globe and is accepted as...

Carl Andrew Spatz (Spaatz added the second "a" in 1937 at the request of his wife and daughters to clarify the pronunciation of the name) was born on June 28, 1891, in Boyertown, Pennsylvania. He attended West Point, where he received his nickname because of his resemblance to another red headed cadet named F.J. Toohey, and graduated in 1914. He served briefly in the infantry but was assigned to military aviation in October 1915. (Some entries on this page have been duplicated on August 1. ... 1891 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Boyertown is a borough located in Berks County, Pennsylvania. ... USMA redirects here, but this abbreviation can also mean U.S. Metric Association. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Infantry of the Royal Irish Rifles during the Battle of the Somme, First World War. ... A Japan Airlines Boeing 747-400. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Spaatz served in the First Aero Squadron which was assigned to General John J. Pershing during his expedition to Mexico in 1916. Spaatz was promoted to First Lieutenant in July 1916 and to Captain in May 1917. General John Pershing John Joseph Black Jack Pershing (September 13, 1860 – July 15, 1948) was an officer in the United States Army. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ... First Lieutenant is a military rank. ... Captain is both a nautical term and a military rank. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ...

World War I

Following America's entry into World War I, Spaatz was sent with the American Expeditionary Forces in command of the Thirty-First Aero Squadron. Spaatz spent most of the war commanding the American Aviation School at Issoudun, France but he saw three weeks of action during the final months of the war. In this brief period, Spaatz shot down three enemy planes and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. Spaatz was given a temporary promotion to Major in June 1918, reverted to his permanent rank of Captain in February 1920, and was permanently promoted to Major in July 1920. Combatants Entente Powers Central Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties > 5 million military deaths > 3 million military deaths World War I, also known as the First World War and (before 1939) the Great War, the War of the Nations, War to End All Wars was a world conflict... Officers of the American Expeditionary Force and the Baker mission The American Expeditionary Force or AEF was the United States military force in World War I. The AEF helped the French defend the Western Front during the Aisne Offensive in May. ... Major is a military rank denoting an officer of mid-level command status. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Captain is both a nautical term and a military rank. ... 1920 (MCMXX) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ...

During the inter-war years, Spaatz held a number of commands in the Air Corps. In January 1 to January 7, 1929, Spaatz along with fellow Air Corps officer, Captain Ira Eaker, established an aviation record by keeping the airplane Question Mark in the air over the Los Angeles vicinity for over 150 hours. Spaatz enrolled in the Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas in August 1935 (graduating in June 1936). He was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel in September 1935. January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... January 7 is the seventh day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... -1... Ira Clarence Eaker (13 April 1896 – 6 August 1987) was a general of the United States Army Air Force, who commanded the Eighth Air Force during World War II. Eaker was born in Field Creek, Texas, in 1896. ... This article is about the largest city in California. ... In 1827, Colonel Henry Leavenworth established a post on the bluffs overlooking the western bank of the Missouri River to protect the fur trade, safeguard commerce on the Santa Fe Trail and maintain the peace among the inhabitants. ... Official language(s) None Capital Topeka Largest city Wichita Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 15th 82,277 mi²; 213,096 km² 211 mi; 340 km 400 mi; 645 km 0. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... In the U.S. Army, Air Force and Marine Corps, a lieutenant colonel is a commissioned officer superior to a major and inferior to a colonel. ...

World War II

Spaatz was assigned to the office of the Chief of Air Corps when World War II began in Europe. He was promoted to Colonel in November 1939 and sent as a military observer to England during the Battle of Britain in 1940. Spaatz was appointed assistant to the Chief of Air Corps in October 1940 with the temporary rank of Brigadier General. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor and America's entry into the war, he was named Chief of the Army Air Forces Combat Command in January 1942 and promoted to the temporary rank of Major General (he was subsequently promoted to the permanent rank of Colonel in September 1942). In May 1942 he was named commander of the Eighth Air Force and transferred his headquarters to England in July. Spaatz was placed in command of all U.S. Army Air Forces in the European Theater of Operations while retaining his Eighth Air Force command. Spaatz would subsequently be given command of the Twelfth Air Force in North Africa in December 1942, the Allied Northwest African Air Force in February 1943, the Fifteenth Air Force and Royal Air Force in Italy in November 1943, and the U.S. Strategic Air Forces in Europe in January 1944. Spaatz received a temporary promotion to Lieutenant General in March 1943. As commander of Strategic Air Forces, Spaatz directed the strategic bombing campaign against Germany, directing the Eighth Air Force, which was now commanded by General Jimmy Doolittle, based in England, and the Fifteenth Air Force, which was now commanded by General Nathan Twining, based in Italy. Spaatz received a temporary promotion to General in March 1945 and assumed command of the U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific as part of the Pacific Theatre of Operations, with headquarters on Guam, in July. From this command, Spaatz directed the strategic bombing of Japan, including the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Spaatz was present at Reims when the Germans surrendered to the Americans on May 7, 1945, at Berlin when they surrendered to the Russians on May 9, and aboard the battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay when the Japanese surrendered on September 2. He was the only general present at all three surrenders. Combatants Allied Powers Axis Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties 17 million military deaths 7 million military deaths World War II, also known as the Second World War (sometimes WW2 or WWII), was a mid-20th century conflict that engulfed much of the globe and is accepted as... World map showing Europe Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiogeographic one. ... Colonel is a military rank of a commissioned officer, with the corresponding ranks existing in nearly every country in the world. ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001 Census) – Density Ranked 1st UK 50. ... Combatants British Royal Air Force and allies Nazi German Luftwaffe Commanders Hugh Dowding Hermann Göring Strength approx 700 fighters (at the beginning) 1,260 bombers; 316 dive-bombers; 1,089 fighters Casualties 1,547 aircraft; Civilian: 27,450 dead, 32,138 wounded 1,887 aircraft A major campaign of... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... A Brigadier General, or one-star general, is the lowest rank of general officer in the United States and some other countries, ranking just above Colonel and just below Major General. ... Satellite image of Pearl Harbor. ... The United States Army Air Forces, or USAAF, was a part of the U.S. military during World War II. The direct precursor to the U.S. Air Force, the USAAF formally existed between 1941 and 1947. ... This article is about the year. ... Insignia of a United States Air Force Major General German Generalmajor Insignia Major General is a military rank used in many countries. ... This article is about the year. ... The Eighth Air Force is a numbered air force (NAF) of the major command (MAJCOM) of Air Combat Command of the United States Air Force and it is headquartered at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana. ... The European Theater of Operations, or ETO, was the term used by the United States in World War II to refer to most United States military activity in Europe north of the Mediterranean coast. ... Twelfth Air Force is a Numbered Air Force in Air Combat Command (ACC). ... North Africa is a region generally considered to include: Algeria Egypt Libya Mauritania Morocco Sudan Tunisia Western Sahara The Azores, Canary Islands, and Madeira are sometimes considered to be a part of North Africa. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) is a common year starting on Friday. ... Activated on November 1, 1943, the Fifteenth Air Force was established as part of the U.S. Army Air Force in the World War II Mediterranean Theater of Operations as a strategic air force and commenced combat operations the day after it was formed. ... Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. ... Strategic bombing is a military strategey used in a total war style campaign that attempts to destroy the economic ability of a nation-state to wage war. ... Brig. ... Nathan Farragut Twining (1897 - 1982) was a U.S. air force general. ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Pacific Theater of Operations (PTO) is the term used in the United States for all military activity in the Pacific Ocean and the countries bordering it, in World War II. Pacific War is a more common name, around the world, for the broader conflict between the Allies and Japan... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 km (11 mi) above the hypocenter. ... Main keep of Hiroshima Castle The city of Hiroshima (広島市; -shi) is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the Chugoku region of western Honshu, the largest of Japans islands. ... Megane-bashi (Spectacles Bridge) Nagasaki â–¶ (help· info) (長崎市; -shi, literally long peninsula) is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture. ... Location within France Reims (English traditionally Rheims) (pronounced in French) is a city of northern France, 144 km (89 miles) east-northeast of Paris. ... May 7 is the 127th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (128th in leap years). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... May 9 is the 129th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (130th in leap years). ... HMS Victory in 1884 Battleship was — from the 15th century until the mid-20th century — the name given to the most heavily gun-armed, most heavily armored, most powerful and most effective class of warship, at any particular time. ... Radars: AN/SPS-49 Air Search Radar AN/SPS-67 Surface Search Radar Fire control: 4 × Mk 37 Gun Fire Control 2 × Mk 38 Gun Director 1 × Mk 40 Gun Director EW: AN/SLQ-32 Other: AN/SLQ-25 NIXIE Decoy System 8 × Super Rapid Bloom Rocket Launchers (SRBOC) Armor... Tokyo Bay from space, October 1993 Map of Tokyo Bay, 1917 Tokyo Bay (東京湾; Tōkyō-wan) is a bay in the southern Kanto region 「関東地方」of Japan, surrounded by the Boso Peninsula 「房総半島」(Chiba Prefecture「千葉県」) and the Miura Peninsula「三浦半島」 (Kanagawa Prefecture「神奈川県」). The ports of Tokyo「東京」, Chiba... September 2 is the 245th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (246th in leap years). ...

Spaatz made several controversial decisions in his leadership of the American strategic bombing campaign. He insisted on daylight missions despite the British insistence that daylight missions produced unacceptable casualty rates. Spaatz also believed that German oil production should be the primary bombing target despite the official decision that transportation was the primary target. In April 1944, Spaatz ordered bombings of the Ploesti oilfields in Romania under the subterfuge that the actual targets were the rail lines that supplied the oil production facilities. Despite their personal friendship, Spaatz argued with Allied Supreme Commander General Dwight D. Eisenhower about military issues on several occasions. But after the war, Eisenhower said that Spaatz, along with General Omar Bradley, was one of the two American officers who had contributed the most to the victory in Europe. Casualties of war. ... Ploieşti on the map of Romania Ploieşti (older spelling: Ploeşti) is a city in Prahova county in the Wallachia region of Romania, 56 km (35 miles) northwest of Bucharest, with a population of about 250,000. ... Dwight David Ike Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American soldier and politician. ... General of the Army Omar N. Bradley Omar Nelson Bradley (February 12, 1893 – April 8, 1981) was one of the main U.S. Army field commanders in North Africa and Europe during the World War II and a General of the Army of the United States Army. ...

Later life

In July 1945, President Truman nominated Spaatz for promotion to the permanent rank of Major General. Spaatz was appointed commanding general of the Army Air Forces in February 1946 following the retirement of his friend General Henry H. Arnold. After the creation of the independent Air Force by the National Security Act of 1947 and Truman's Executive Order No. 9877, Spaatz was appointed as the first Chief of Staff of the new United States Air Force in September 1947. Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the thirty-fourth Vice President (1945) and the thirty-third President of the United States (1945–53), succeeding to the office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. ... Insignia of a United States Air Force Major General German Generalmajor Insignia Major General is a military rank used in many countries. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Henry Hap Arnold Henry Harley Arnold (June 25, 1886 – January 15, 1950), often referred to by the nickname Hap, was an American pilot, commander of the US Army Air Corps from 1938, commander of the US Army Air Forces from 1941 until 1945 and the first General of the Air... The National Security Act of 1947 signed July 26, 1947 by U.S. President Harry S. Truman realigned and reorganized the United States armed forces, foreign policy, and Intelligence Community apparatus in the aftermath of World War II. It merged the United States Department of War and the United States... The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aviation branch of the United States armed forces. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Spaatz retired from the military at the rank of General in June 1948. He worked for Newsweek magazine as military affairs editor until 1961. He also served on the Committee of Senior Advisors to the Air Force Chief of Staff, from 1952 until his death. In 1954, Spaatz was appointed to the congressional advisory board set up to determine the site for the new United States Air Force Academy. Spaatz died on July 14, 1974 and is buried at the Academy's cemetery in Colorado Springs, Colorado. General is a high military rank, used by nearly every country in the world. ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Newsweek logo Newsweek is a weekly news magazine published in New York City and distributed throughout the United States and internationally. ... A collection of magazines A magazine is a periodical publication containing a variety of articles, generally financed by advertising and/or purchase by readers. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force serves as the senior uniformed Air Force officer responsible for the organization, training and equipage of more than 700,000 active-duty, National Guard, Reserve and civilian forces serving in the United States and overseas. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a [[leap year starting on Tueday] (link will take you to calendar). ... 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The United States Air Force Academy (USAFA), located in Colorado Springs, Colorado, is an institution for the undergraduate education of officers in the United States Air Force. ... July 14 is the 195th day (196th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 170 days remaining. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) is a common year starting on Tuesday (click on link for calendar). ... The United States Air Force Academy (USAFA), located in Colorado Springs, Colorado, is an institution for the undergraduate education of officers in the United States Air Force. ... The United States Air Force Academy Cemetery is a cemetery at the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado. ... Colorado Springs is a middle-sized city, located just east of the geographic center of the state of Colorado in the United States. ... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 8th 269,837 km² 451 km 612 km 0. ...

Other Information

• The Civil Air Patrol's highest cadet award is the General Carl A. Spaatz Award, named after Carl Spaatz.
• Carl A. Spaats Field is the regional airport serving Reading, Pennsylvania. It is also home to the Mid-Atlantic Air Museum.