Carlingford Village Shopping Centre.

Carlingford (Postcode 2118, S33.777 E151.048), known affectionately to residents as "Carlo", is a suburb located approximately 22 km north-west of central Sydney, Australia, covering an area of 7.9 square kilometres on the south-eastern outskirts of the Hills District. It is one of the busier suburbs within the Hills with many businesses available in the large town centre. To the east lies Epping; to the north lie Beecroft and West Pennant Hills; to the west lies North Rocks; to the south lie North Parramatta, Oatlands and Telopea. Carlingford Village Shopping Centre, Carlingford NSW File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Carlingford Village Shopping Centre, Carlingford NSW File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Housing subdivision near Union, Kentucky, a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio. ... The Sydney Opera House is one of the most iconic landmarks in the world, and since its opening it has become an international symbol of Sydney Sydney (pronounced ) is the state capital of New South Wales, located on the east coast of Australia. ... Epping is a suburb in north-west Sydney, Australia, approximately 18-20km from the central business district. ... Beecroft is a suburb of Sydney, Australia, within the Hornsby Shire local government area, about 20 kilometres north-west of the central business district. ... Upper Class suburb 24km northwest of the central business district of Sydney. ... North Rocks is a well-established suburb of Sydney, Australia, located approximately 26km northwest of central business district. ... North Parramatta is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ... Oatlands is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ... Telopea is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...

History and urban character

Originally, the area of Carlingford was called Mobbs Hill, named after the ex-convict settler William Mobbs, who is credited for bringing oranges to Australia. Carlingford received its current name after a vote in 1886 by the residents. The name was suggested by Frederick Cox after he heard one of his employees describe similarities between Mobbs Hill and the town of Carlingford, located in the east of Ireland. Carlingford was also probably named in honour of The Lord Carlingford. Orange—specifically, sweet orange—refers to the citrus tree Citrus sinensis and its fruit. ... Just over an hours drive from Irelands two major cities, Belfast and Dublin, Carlingford nestles between Slieve Foy, Carlingford Lough and the Mourne Mountains. ... Chichester Parkinson-Fortescue, 1st Baron Carlingford (18 January 1823–30 January 1898) was a British statesman and Liberal politician of the nineteenth century. ...

The area was settled in the mid-1800s and, at the time, was an agricultural area on the outskirts of Sydney. Like much of the Hills District, Carlingford was a significant orange-growing area for the city. The Carlingford train line, was the major route of transportation for agricultural produce from the area. Carlingford Produce, a gardening and agricultural-materials seller located next to the train station, is located in the former train workshops. This store, much like James Ruse Agricultural High School (see below) remain as testaments to the agricultural history of the suburb. 1800 (MDCCC) was an common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

As Sydney rapidly expanded, following World War II, Carlingford underwent rapid urbanisation starting in the late 1960s. The presence of James Ruse Agricultural High School, established in 1959, is a testament to the agricultural history of Carlingford as well as the rapid pace of urbanisation; which soon made the school, and its large farm, somewhat of an anomaly amongst the 1970s- and 1980s-style houses which dominate the suburb. More recently, in the 1990s, the government policy of urban consolidation has seen the development of high-density units and apartment blocks around the town centre and the train station. There have also been redevelopments of older houses into medium-density townhouses, and duplex housing. Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total dead: 50 million Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total dead: 12 million World War II... Urbanization is the degree of or increase in urban character or nature. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... A tower block, block of flats or apartment block is a high_rise apartment building. ... A street of British terraced housing In architecture and city planning, a terrace, rowhouse, or townhouse (United States) is a style of housing since the late 18th century where identical individual houses are cojoined into rows. ... Semi-detached housing (usually abbreviated to semi, as in three-bedroom semi) consists of pairs of houses built side by side as units sharing a party wall and usually in such a way that each houses layout is a mirror image of its twin. ...

In 1961, the K13 memorial was unveiled, and stands as a prominent feature in Carlingford, passed by thousands of motorists along Pennant Hills Road each day. HMS K13 was a steam-propelled First World War K class submarine of the British Royal Navy. ...

Population statistics

Australian Bureau of Statistics data from the 2001 census records the population of Carlingford as 19,678 residents, with a gender mix of 49% males and 51% females in line with the rest of the Australian population. (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2002) Australian Bureau of Statistics logo The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) is the Australian government agency that collects and publishes statistical information about Australia. ... 1870 US Census for New York City A census is the process of obtaining information about every member of a population (not necessarily a human population). ...

Place of birth

• Australia (58.2%)
• China (6.2%)
• Hong Kong (5.6%)
• United Kingdom (3.8%)
• South Korea (2.8%)

Language spoken

• English only (60.4%)
• Chinese
  • Any (18.3%)
  • Cantonese (12.8%)
  • Mandarin (4.8%)
• Korean (3.2%)

The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Cantonese (Traditional Chinese: 粵語; Simplified Chinese: 粤语, Cantonese: Yuet6yue5; Mandarin pinyin: Yueyu, Yụet (Guangdong) language) is one of the major dialect groups or languages of the Chinese language or language family. ... Mandarin, or Guanhua (Traditional Chinese: 官話; Simplified Chinese: 官话; Hanyu Pinyin: ; literally official speech), or Beifanghua (Chinese: 北方方言; Hanyu Pinyin: ; literally Northern Dialect(s)) is a category of related Chinese dialects spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. ...

Religion

• Christianity
  • Any (65.4%)
  • Catholicism (25.1%)
  • Anglicanism (18.2%)
• No religion (15.7%)
• Hinduism (2.6%)

Christianity is a monotheistic religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, known by Christians as Jesus Christ, as recounted in the New Testament. ... This article considers Catholicism in the broadest ecclesiastical sense. ... The term Anglican (from Anglia, the Latin name for England) describes the people and churches that follow the religious traditions developed by the established Church of England. ... Hinduism (Sanskrit/Hindi —, also known as , and ) is a religion originating in the Indian subcontinent, based on the Vedas and the beliefs of other people of India. ...

Commerce

Carlingford Court Shopping Centre.

Carlingford has two shopping centres - Carlingford Court, which underwent major reconstruction in the late 1990s, and Carlingford Village. Carlingford Court is a typical surburban shopping centre, managed by GPT, and is home to major businesses such as Target and Fitness First. Carlingford Village is a smaller shopping complex, which has many Asian food outlets, catering more for Chinese people. The Carlingford town centre, located on Pennant Hills Road, also comprises a number of street shops. Carlingford Court Shopping Centre, Carlingford NSW File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Carlingford Court Shopping Centre, Carlingford NSW File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... For the traditional meaning of the word mall, see mall. ... This article is about the year. ...

There are also several shopping strips elsewhere in Carlingford - near Carlingford station, including the only pub in Carlingford (Carlingford Bowling Club); North Carlingford, on North Rocks Road; north-west Carlingford on Carmen Drive; and south-west Carlingford, in the Kingsdene area, on Felton Rd (West). An amusingly named pub (the Old New Inn) at Bourton-on-the-Water, in the Cotswold Hills of South West England A pub in the Haymarket area of Edinburgh, Scotland A public house, usually known as a pub, is a drinking establishment found mainly in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada...

Politics

Carlingford falls under the jurisdiction of several Local Government Areas: the City of Parramatta in the south, Hornsby Shire in the north-east, and Baulkham Hills Shire in the north-west. Similarly it falls under several Commonwealth (Berowra, Bennelong, Mitchell, Parramatta) and State (Epping, Baulkham Hills, Parramatta, The Hills) electoral divisions/districts. The City of Parramatta is a Local Government Area in western Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ... Hornsby Shire is a vast Local Government Area in the North Shore region of Sydney, Australia. ... Baulkham Hills Shire is a local government area in the north western region of Australia. ... Motto: none (formerly Advance Australia) Anthem: Advance Australia Fair Capital Canberra Largest city Sydney Official language(s) English (de facto)1 Government  â€¢ Queen  â€¢ Governor-General  â€¢ Prime Minister Const. ... Berowra is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. ... The Division of Bennelong is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. ... The Division of Mitchell is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of New South Wales. ... The Division of Parramatta is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. ... Emblems: Floral - Waratah (Telopea Speciosissima); Bird - Kookaburra (Dacelo Gigas); Animal - Platypus (Ornithorhynchus Anatinus); Fish - Blue Groper (Achoerodus Viridis) Motto: Orta Recens Quam Pura Nites (Newly Risen, How Brightly You Shine) Slogan or Nickname: First State, Premier State Other Australian states and territories Capital Sydney Government Governor Premier Const. ... Epping is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. ... Baulkham Hills is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. ... Parramatta is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. ... The Hills is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. ...

The population of Carlingford, as with the rest of northern Sydney is relatively affluent. Baulkham Hills Shire and Hornsby Shire councils generally have a majority of conservative councillors. Most of the electoral divisions that Carlingford lies within have historically been held by the Liberal Party of Australia. The exception is Parramatta City Council, and the electoral division and district of Parramatta which include sections of southern Sydney and tend to be marginal seats. Baulkham Hills Shire is a local government area in the north western region of Australia. ... Hornsby Shire is a vast Local Government Area in the North Shore region of Sydney, Australia. ... The Liberal Party of Australia is an Australian liberal conservative political party. ...

The Commonwealth Electoral Divisions of Berowra, currently held by The Hon. The Attorney-General Philip Ruddock MP, and Mitchell, currently held by The Hon. Alan Cadman MP; are safe Liberal seats. The Commonwealth Electoral Division of Bennelong, currently held by The Hon. The Prime Minister John Howard MP is a marginal Liberal seat. The Commonwealth Electoral Division of Parramatta, currently held by Ms Julie Owens MP, is an ALP seat by a narrow margin; regained from the previous Liberal member Ross Cameron in the 2004 election. Berowra is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. ... In most common law jurisdictions, the Attorney General or Attorney-General is the main legal adviser to the government, and in some jurisdictions may in addition have executive responsibility for law enforcement or responsibility for public prosecutions. ... Philip Maxwell Ruddock (born March 12, 1943), Australian politician, is the Attorney-General of Australia in the Coalition Government of Australian Prime Minister John Howard. ... The Division of Mitchell is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of New South Wales. ... Hon Alan Cadman Alan Glyndwr Cadman (born 26 July Australian politician, has been a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives since May 1974 representing the Division of Mitchell, New South Wales. ... The Liberal Party of Australia is an Australian liberal conservative political party. ... The Division of Bennelong is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. ... Sir Robert Walpole, the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. ... John Howard John Winston Howard (born July 26, 1939), is an Australian politician and the 25th Prime Minister of Australia, coming to office on March 11, 1996 and winning re-election in 1998, 2001 and 2004. ... The Liberal Party of Australia is an Australian liberal conservative political party. ... Julie Owens Julie Owens (born 17 October 1958), Australian politician, has been an Australian Labor Party member of the Australian House of Representatives since October 2004, representing the Division of Parramatta, New South Wales. ... The Australian Labor Party or ALP is Australias oldest political party. ... Hon Ross Cameron Ross Alexander Cameron (born 14 May 1965), Australian politician, was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives from March 1996 to October 2004, representing the Division of Parramatta, New South Wales. ... Legislative elections were held in Australia on 9 October 2004. ...

The State Electoral Districts of Baulkham Hills, currently held by Mr Wayne Merton MLA; Epping, currently held by Shadow Attorney-General Andrew Tink MLA; and The Hills, currently held by Shadow Environment Minister Mr Michael Richardson MLA; are safe Liberal seats. The State Electoral District of Parramatta, currently held by Ms Tanya Gadiel MLA, is a marginal ALP seat. Baulkham Hills is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. ... In most common law jurisdictions, the Attorney General or Attorney-General is the main legal adviser to the government, and in some jurisdictions may in addition have executive responsibility for law enforcement or responsibility for public prosecutions. ... The Hills is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. ... The Liberal Party of Australia is an Australian liberal conservative political party. ... Parramatta is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. ... The Australian Labor Party or ALP is Australias oldest political party. ...

Transport

The end of the line at Carlingford railway station. Also visible, to the left, is Carlingford Produce.

Cumberland Highway, Carlingford

Image File history File links Carlingford_railway_station. ... Image File history File links Carlingford_railway_station. ... Cumberland Hwy, Carlingford File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Cumberland Hwy, Carlingford File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

Public transport

Carlingford, as with much of north-west Sydney, has relatively good public transport infrastructure. In the 2001 census,6% of people travelled to work via trains, while 2% used buses.

There are a number of infrequent bus services which pass through Carlingford. Harris Park Transport, a now defunct bus company, used to operate routes 624, 625, 628, and 629 which pass through the suburb. The 630 was operated by Red Arrow, a joint-venture of Harris Park Transport and Westbus. As of February 2005, these former Harris Park services are operated by Sydney Buses (State Transit Authority of New South Wales). Previously route 513 was the only Sydney Buses service through Carlingford. The former 621 and 622 Citybus Direct (owned by Harris Park Transport) routes from Carlingford to the city proved to be uneconomical and were eliminated. Westbus is a privately-owned bus service in Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ... The dominant Sydney Buses livery on a bus A Sydney Bus Sydney Buses is a state-owned bus service in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ... The State Transit Authority of New South Wales is the NSW government owned operator of bus services in Sydney, Australia (Sydney Buses) and bus and ferry services in Newcastle, Australia (Newcastle Buses & Ferries). ...

Current bus lines, all operated by Sydney Buses include:

• 513 West Ryde to Carlingford
• 624 Parramatta to Epping via Pennant Hills Rd, Carlingford
• 625 Parramatta to Pennant Hills via Pennant Hills Rd, Carlingford
• 627 Parramatta to Cherrybrook via Pennant Hills Rd, Carlingford
• 628 Epping to Carlingford
• 629 Epping to North Rocks
• 630 Blacktown to Macquarie Park (in conjunction with Westbus)

CityRail provides an infrequent train service at Carlingford Station, which is the terminus of the Carlingford Line. The Carlingford Line is a mostly single-track line. There is currently only one service in the early morning which connects to the city directly, at other times a train-change at Clyde, is necessary to reach other stations, and consequently the service has a low patronage. As part of the CityRail Clearways Project, a passing loop has been promised to the Carlingford Line with two services per hour all day to become effective in 2010. West Ryde is a suburb in the Lower North Shore of Sydney Australia. ... Parramatta is a city, suburb and Local Government Area in Sydney, Australia, 25 kilometres west of the central business district (CBD) in Western Sydney. ... Epping is a suburb in north-west Sydney, Australia, approximately 18-20km from the central business district. ... Parramatta is a city, suburb and Local Government Area in Sydney, Australia, 25 kilometres west of the central business district (CBD) in Western Sydney. ... Pennant Hills is a suburb of Sydney, Australia within the Hornsby Shire local government area, about 22 kilometres north-west of the central business district. ... Parramatta is a city, suburb and Local Government Area in Sydney, Australia, 25 kilometres west of the central business district (CBD) in Western Sydney. ... Cherrybrook is a suburb of Sydney, Australia, within the Hornsby Shire local government area, about 25 kilometres noth-west of the central business district. ... Epping is a suburb in north-west Sydney, Australia, approximately 18-20km from the central business district. ... Epping is a suburb in north-west Sydney, Australia, approximately 18-20km from the central business district. ... North Rocks is a well-established suburb of Sydney, Australia, located approximately 26km northwest of central business district. ... Blacktown is a suburb in the City of Blacktown, in Western Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ... Macquarie Park is a suburb in the north of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ... Official logo of the CityRail network The waiting area at  Central Railway Station, the main station on the CityRail network Old-style manual train indicator boards commonly used in many CityRail stations CityRail is the name of the extensive system of urban, suburban and intercity passenger railways based in metropolitan... Carlingford railway station Carlingford railway station is a station on the CityRail metropolitan railway system located in the Sydney suburb of Carlingford. ... The Carlingford Line is a railway line on the metropolitan CityRail network located in western Sydney, Australia. ... Clyde is a neighbourhood in Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ... The CityRail Clearways Project is a $1. ... 2010 (MMX) will be a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Roads

Carlingford suffers from major traffic congestion during morning and afternoon peaks. Because of poor public transport most residents travel to work by cars. In the 2001 census, 60% stated their main method of getting to work was driving their own vehicle. The Cumberland Highway, a major north-south route through greater Sydney, intersects Carlingford in the form of Pennant Hills Road. As well, many motorists commuting from the Hills District and the growing north-west areas of Sydney travel through Carlingford to the city.

The M2 Hills Motorway, part of the Sydney orbital road, runs through northern Carlingford providing a rapid route to the city for those willing to pay the toll. Since the Westlink M7 Motorway was finished, completing the Sydney Orbital, it has replaced the Cumberland Highway as the north-south national highway. This has, however, not relieved much of the traffic congestion on Pennant Hills Road (south of the M2 Hills Motorway), and has increased traffic congestion on the M2 Hills Motorway. The M2 Hills Motorway is a toll motorway in Sydney, Australia. ... Westlink M7 is one of Sydneys urban freeways and is a part of the Sydney Orbital Motorway. ...

Schools

Carlingford is the location of a large number of public and private schools. Indeed some residents have chosen to move to Carlingford because of the reputation of the schools there and in nearby suburbs. The term public school has different (and in some cases contradictory) meanings due to regional differences. ... Private schools, or independent schools, are schools not administered by local or national government, which retain the right to select their student body and are funded in whole or in part by charging their students tuition rather than with public (state) funds. ...

Public primary schools

• Carlingford Public School
• Carlingford West Public School
• Murray Farm Public School
• Roselea Public School

Catholic Systemic primary schools

• St. Gerard Majella Catholic Primary School

St Gerard Majella Catholic Primary School (more commonly known as St Gerards) in Carlingford, a suburb in Sydney, NSW, Australia, is a co-educational Catholic primary school for NSW school years Kindergarten to 6. ...

Public high schools

• Carlingford High School
• Cumberland High School
• James Ruse Agricultural High School (selective)

Gesta non Verba (Actions not Words) James Ruse Agricultural High School is an agricultural and selective co-educational public high school in Carlingford, New South Wales in Australia. ...

Churches

LDS Sydney Australia Temple, Carlingford

As with much of northern Sydney, Carlingford also has a comparatively large number of Christian churches of many denominations. These include: Download high resolution version (482x659, 47 KB)LDS Sydney Australia Temple, Carlingford File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (482x659, 47 KB)LDS Sydney Australia Temple, Carlingford File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

• Carlingford Baptist Church [1]
• Carlingford Uniting Church [2]
• St. Gerard Majella Catholic Church [3]
• St. Paul's Anglican Church [4]
• Iglesia Ni Cristo
• Christian City Church, Carlingford [5]
• The Pacific headquarters and Sydney Australia Temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. [6]
• Parramatta City Presbyterian Church [7]

Baptist churches are part of a Christian movement often regarded as an evangelical, protestant denomination. ... Logo of the UCA The Uniting Church in Australia (UCA) was formed on June 22, 1977 when the Methodist Church of Australasia, Presbyterian Church of Australia and Congregational Union of Australia came together under the Basis of Union document. ... St. ... The Sydney Diocese of the Anglican Church of Australia is unique in Western Anglicanism in that the majority of the diocese is Evangelical (low church) in nature, and committed to Reformed and Calvinist theology. ... Iglesia ni Cristos first chapel The Iglesia ni Cristo (IPA: ) (also known as INC or Iglesya ni Kristo; Filipino for Church of Christ) is a nontrinitarian independent religious organization which originated in the Philippines. ... CCC Oxford Falls Logo Christian City Churches // Christian City Church International Christian City Church International (C3I) currently (2003) consists of over 100 churches situated throughout Australasia, New Zealand, North America, and the European community. ... The Salt Lake Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the largest attraction in the citys Temple Square. ...

Telecommunications

The Carlingford telephone exchange is located at 413 North Rocks Rd. It serves telephony for Carlingford and nearby suburbs such as Dundas Valley, Telopea and North Rocks. The exchange has a Telstra DSLAM installed, allowing residents to subscribe to an ADSL service. Competitor DSLAMs have also been installed, allowing subscribers bandwidth of up to 24 Mbit/s - many times faster than those offered by Telstra. Most of the surburb is also wired for Telstra and Optus cable, allowing cable TV and Internet to be installed. A Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) is a network device, usually located at a telephone company central office, or within a neighborhood SAI as part of a digital loop carrier, that receives signals from multiple customer Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) connections and aggregates the signals on a high-speed...

The Carlingford telephone exchange services the following telephone number ranges:

• 88122000-88123999
• 88264000-88265999
• 96140000-96142999
• 98710000-98718999
• 98721000-98729999
• 98731000-98736999

Other infrastructure

Carlingford is the site for the control room for the New South Wales electricity grid. A major electricity substation, operated by Integral Energy, is next to the building housing the control room. The same site also houses one of the major communications relay towers in northern Sydney. The importance of these sites was highlighted by recent security upgrades to the facility following the September 11, 2001 attacks in New York. A security guard has also been positioned under the communications tower around-the-clock. This guard has apparently not been supplied with a chair by employers, and instead has been sighted on a chair clearly marked "JR HIGH" (indicating its source from the adjacent James Ruse Agricultural High School). A 115 kV to 41. ... The resulting explosion after the crash of United Airlines Flight 175 into the South Tower. ...

References

• Australian Bureau of Statistics (2002). Basic community profile: Carlingford (SSC 11446). Retrieved 19 May 2005.
• Australian Electoral Commission Divisional Profile for Bennelong. Retrieved 4 January 2006.
• Australian Electoral Commission Divisional Profile for Berowra. Retrieved 4 January 2006.
• Australian Electoral Commission Divisional Profile for Mitchell. Retrieved 4 January 2006.
• Australian Electoral Commission Divisional Profile for Parramatta. Retrieved 4 January 2006.
• Australian Electoral Commission Definitions of 'marginal', 'fairly safe' and 'safe'. Retrieved 4 January 2006.

External links

Coordinates: -33.777° 151.048° Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically); large version (pdf) The geographic (earth-mapping) coordinate system expresses every horizontal position on Earth by two of the three coordinates of a spherical coordinate system which is aligned with the spin axis of the Earth. ...

• Maps and aerial photos
  • Street maps from Street Directory or MSN Maps or Multimap.
  • Satellite photos from Google Maps and Terraserver.