Carlisle
Carlisle shown within Cumbria
Population	71,773 (2001)
OS grid reference	NY395555
District	Carlisle
Shire county	Cumbria
Region	North West
Constituent country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	CARLISLE
Postcode district	CA1-CA6
Dialling code	01228
Police	Cumbria
Fire	Cumbria
Ambulance	North West
European Parliament	North West England
UK Parliament	Carlisle
List of places: UK • England • Cumbria

Coordinates: 54°53′28″N 2°56′38″W / 54.891, -2.9439 Carlisle may refer to: // Carlisle, England is a town in the north of England. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 504 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (600 × 714 pixel, file size: 352 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Red_pog2. ... Cumbria (IPA: ), is a shire county in the extreme North West of England. ... The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using latitude or longitude. ... The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government. ... The City of Carlisle is a local government district with city status in Cumbria, England. ... Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of English administrative division used for the purposes of local government. ... Cumbria (IPA: ), is a shire county in the extreme North West of England. ... The region, also known as Government Office Region, is currently the highest tier of local government subnational entity of England in the United Kingdom. ... North West England is one of the nine regions of England. ... Constituent countries is a phrase used, often by official institutions, in contexts in which a number of countries make up a larger entity or grouping, concerning these countries; thus the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has used the phrase in reference to the parts of former Yugoslavia... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... A post town is a required part of all UK postal addresses. ... UK postal codes are known as postcodes. ... The CA postcode area, also known as the Carlisle postcode area[2], is a group of postal districts around Alston, Appleby-in-Westmorland, Beckermet, Brampton, Carlisle, Cleator, Cleator Moor, Cockermouth, Egremont, Frizington, Holmrook, Keswick, Kirkby Stephen, Maryport, Moor Row, Penrith, Ravenglass, Seascale, St Bees, Whitehaven, Wigton and Workington in England. ... +44 redirects here. ... There are a number of policing agencies in the United Kingdom. ... Cumbria Constabulary is the Home Office police force in England covering the county of Cumbria. ... A Fire Appliance belonging to the Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service The fire service in the United Kingdom has undergone dramatic changes since the beginning of the 21st century, a process that has been propelled by a devolution of central government powers, new legislation and a change to operational... The Cumbria Fire and Rescue Service is the county-wide, statutory emergency fire and rescue service for the Shire county of Cumbria, England. ... The North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust was formed on 1 July 2006 as part of Health Minister Lord Warners plans to reduce the number of NHS ambulance service trusts operating in the United Kingdom to 12. ... This is a list of Members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom in the 2004 to 2009 session, ordered by name. ... The constituency within England. ... The United Kingdom House of Commons is made up of Members of Parliament (MPs). ... Carlisle is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ... List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places within counties List of places in Bedfordshire List of places in Berkshire List of places in Buckinghamshire List of places in Cambridgeshire List of places in Cheshire List of places in Cleveland List of places... This is a list of cities, towns and villages in the county of Cumbria, England. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Carlisle (/ˌka:'lɑɪl/) is a city and the largest settlement in Cumbria, England. It is part of the City of Carlisle local government district, and acts as the administrative centre for both this district and Cumbria County Council. Carlisle is also home to the main campuses of the University of Cumbria. The population of the urban area of Carlisle was 71,773 according to the 2001 census, with about 100,734 living in the wider district. For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... Cumbria (IPA: ), is a shire county in the extreme North West of England. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... The City of Carlisle is a local government district with city status in Cumbria, England. ... The University of Cumbria is a new university, due to open in August 2007. ...

Historically the county town of Cumberland, Carlisle developed importance as a military stronghold due to its position at the Anglo-Scottish border; Carlisle Castle, still relatively intact, was built in 1092 by William Rufus, and having once served as a prison for Mary, Queen of Scots. The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England. ... A county town is the capital of a county in the United Kingdom or Republic of Ireland. ... Cumberland is one of the 39 traditional counties of England. ... The Anglo-Scottish border runs for 96 kilometres (60 miles) between the River Tweed on the east coast and the Solway Firth in the west. ... Carlisle Castle is situated in the historic town of Carlisle, Cumbria in England. ... William II (c. ... Mary, Queen of Scots redirects here. ...

History

Toponymy

The Romans called their settlement on the site of today's city Luguvalium, as evidenced by Roman writing tablets recently excavated in the city and displayed at Tullie House Museum, bearing this name as the address. Luguvalium can be interpreted from Latin as "the place, or wall (stronghold ?) of Lugus" (a local deity). Around the 11th and 12th centuries, however, surviving documents show the place name spelt Caer (castle) Luel or Llewelyn. Luel, and its variants are Cumbric personal names, and it has been proposed that this was always the basis of the local name, which had been preserved by the continuity of Cumbric-speaking peoples in the area, from before the Roman imposition of a Latinised version. The fact that Cumbria (from Cymru or similar roots) was briefly held by the Celtic kings of Strathclyde in the 9th century may have stimulated a revival of the Cumbric language and reinstatement of earlier Celtic place-names. The Cumbric is no longer spoken, but the surviving Welsh language has "Caerliwelydd" as the modern name for Carlisle. For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... The Tullie House Museum is a museum in Carlisle, Cumbria in England. ... Evolution and Extinction Cumbric was the Brythonic Celtic language spoken in much of Cumbria, Northern Northumbria, and parts of lowland Scotland until about the 11th century. ...

Carlisle has a compact, historic centre, including a castle, museum, cathedral, and semi-intact city walls. The former law courts or citadel towers which now serve as offices for Cumbria County Council are also of architectural interest. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... For other uses, see Castle (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Cathedral (disambiguation). ... The defensive wall of Braşov, Romania. ... This article is about a type of fortification. ...

Roman Carlisle

Main article: Luguvalium

Around AD 72/73, a Roman timber fort was built at Carlisle. Following its demolition around AD 103 to 105, a second timber fort was built. In AD 165 this fort was replaced by a stone fort.^[1] It was probably later the civitas capital of the Carvetii tribe. Luguvalium (or, possibly, Luguvalium Carvetiorum) was a town in the Roman province of Britannia. ... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... In the history of the Roman empire, civitas (pl. ... The Carvetii were one of the Celtic tribes living in the British Islands, previous to the Roman invasion of Britain. ...

Later history

Because Carlisle was sometimes the last town in England before Scotland, and sometimes the last town in Scotland before England, in the days when the two countries were separate kingdoms, it developed importance as a military stronghold, and Carlisle Castle is still relatively intact. Built in 1092 by William Rufus, and having once served as a prison for Mary, Queen of Scots. Carlisle Castle is situated in the historic town of Carlisle, Cumbria in England. ... William II (c. ... Mary, Queen of Scots redirects here. ...

In December 1745 Prince Charles Edward Stuart captured Carlisle in the Siege of Carlisle. During the retreat of Charles Edward Stuart's Jacobites in 1746 he ordered that the Manchester Regiment be left to garrison Carlisle so that he "continued to hold at least one town in England". The Hanoverian army under Cumberland then besieged and took Carlisle. See: Sieges of Carlisle. Charles Edward Stuart (31 December 1720 – 31 January 1788), known in Scots Gaelic as Teàrlach Eideard Stiùbhairt, was the exiled claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and is now commonly known as Bonnie Prince Charlie. ... Combatants British Garrison Jacobites Commanders Colonel Durand Charles Edward Stuart The siege and capture of Carlisle was an important event of the 1745 to 1746 Jacobite Uprising. ... Combatants British Garrison Jacobites Commanders Colonel Durand Charles Edward Stuart The siege and capture of Carlisle was an important event of the 1745 to 1746 Jacobite Uprising. ...

The Tullie House Museum, an award-winning museum, tells the story of the Border country, including much material on Hadrian's Wall, the Roman defensive structure the course of which runs through the Stanwix area of the city, and many items of Roman architecture. It also features an exhibit explaining the history of the Border Reivers. Tullie House used to house an excellent lending and reference library, but that has now been placed on the upper level of The Lanes. [1](The Lanes are Carlisle's main shopping area in the centre of the city). Carlisle Cathedral has the largest east window of any cathedral in Europe, but the western end of the cathedral was demolished by Oliver Cromwell to shore up the castle. Carlisle also has a first-class racetrack, located to the south of the city centre. The Tullie House Museum is a museum in Carlisle, Cumbria in England. ... Hadrians Wall is a stone and turf fortification built by the Roman Empire across the width of modern-day England. ... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... ‹ The template below (Expand) is being considered for deletion. ... See also Border Reivers (Rugby) and Border Reivers (game); or Reavers for other varieties of brigand. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 – 3 September 1658) was an English military and political leader best known for his involvement in making England into a republican Commonwealth and for his later role as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland. ...

In 1916, during World War I, the government took over all the pubs and breweries in the city because of endemic drunkenness among construction and munitions workers from the nearby munitions factory at Gretna. This experiment in nationalised brewing known first as the Carlisle Board of Control then after the war the Carlisle & District State Management Scheme lasted until 1971. “The Great War ” redirects here. ... The United Kingdom is a unitary state and a democratic constitutional monarchy. ... An amusingly named pub (the Old New Inn) at Bourton-on-the-Water, in the Cotswold Hills of South West England A pub in the Haymarket area of Edinburgh, Scotland A public house, usually known as a pub, is a drinking establishment found mainly in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada... Kettles in a modern Trappist brewery A brewery can be a building or place that produces beer, or a business (brewing company) whose trade is the production and sale of beer. ... H.M. Factory, Gretna was a UK government World War I Cordite factory, adjacent to the Solway Firth, near Gretna, Dumfries and Galloway. ... Nationalization is the act of taking assets into state ownership. ... // The State Management Scheme (known locally as The Scheme) saw the UK government take over and run the brewing, distribution and sale of liquor in three regions of the UK from 1916 until 1973. ...

Geography

Carlisle from the castle

Carlisle is an ancient city, and the seat of the diocese to which it gives name. It is situated on a slight rise, in the Cumberland Ward, at the confluence of the rivers Eden, Caldew, and Petteril. Download high resolution version (1280x960, 626 KB)My photo of carlisle from the castle File links The following pages link to this file: Carlisle Categories: GFDL images ... Download high resolution version (1280x960, 626 KB)My photo of carlisle from the castle File links The following pages link to this file: Carlisle Categories: GFDL images ... Pope Pius XI blesses Bishop Stephen Alencastre as fifth Apostolic Vicar of the Hawaiian Islands in a Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace window. ... The ward of Cumberland was one of the ancient divisions of the traditional English county of Cumberland. ... The River Eden is a river in Cumbria, England that flows through Carlisle on its way into the Solway Firth. ... The River Caldew is a river running through Cumbria in England. ... The River Petteril is a river running through the English county of Cumbria. ...

An important centre for trade, it is located 90 km west of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 115 kilometres (71 mi) north of Lancaster, 145 kilometres (90 mi) south of Glasgow, 150 kilometres (93 mi) south-west of Edinburgh, 190 kilometres (120 mi) north-west of York, and 490 kilometres (300 mi) north-north-west of London, at 54°52’N, 2°50’W. Nearby towns and villages include Longtown (North), Penrith (South) Brampton (East), Wigton (West), Haggbeck, Harker, Carwinley, Blackford, Houghton, Scotby and Rockcliffe. , Newcastle upon Tyne (usually shortened to Newcastle) is a large city in Tyne and Wear, England. ... For other uses, see Lancaster. ... For other uses, see Glasgow (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Edinburgh (disambiguation). ... York shown within England Coordinates: , Sovereign state Constituent country Region Yorkshire and the Humber Ceremonial county North Yorkshire Admin HQ York City Centre Founded 71 City Status 71 Government  - Type Unitary Authority, City  - Governing body City of York Council  - Leadership: Leader & Executive  - Executive: Liberal Democrat  - MPs: Hugh Bayley (L) John... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Longtown is a town in northern Cumbria, United Kingdom, with a population of around 3,000. ... Statistics Population: 14,756 Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: NY515305 Administration District: Eden Shire county: Cumbria Region: North West England Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: Cumbria Historic county: Cumberland Services Police force: Cumbria Constabulary Fire and rescue: {{{Fire}}} Ambulance: North West Post office and telephone... Brampton is a small market town in Cumbria, England about 14 km east of Carlisle and 2 Roman miles south of Hadrians Wall. ... Wigton is a town in the county of Cumbria in England. ... If you searched for Harker you may be looking for: Harker Canyon - disambiguation page for several canyons in the United States Harker Creek (Wisconsin), a stream in Iowa County, Wisconsin, USA Fort Harker (Alabama), a military fortification built during the American Civil War Fort Harker (Kansas), a military installation of... Blackford might refer to: Blackford, Perthshire, Scotland Blackford, Edinburgh, Scotland This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Rockcliffe is a village and civil parish in the City of Carlisle district of Cumbria, England. ...

In January 2005 Carlisle was hit by strong gales and heavy rain, and on Saturday 8 January 2005 all roads into the city were closed owing to severe flooding, the worst since 1822, which caused three deaths.^[2][3] is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Flooding near Key West, Florida, United States from Hurricane Wilmas storm surge in October 2005 For other uses, see Flood (disambiguation). ...

Districts/suburbs of Carlisle

To the far north of the city lie the subrubs/areas of Kingstown, Lowry Hill and Moorville all formerly part of the parish of Kingmoor to the south of these areas are Stanwix, Edentown, St Anns Hill and Belah which were added to the city in 1912. The parish of Stanwix Rural still exists but only includes a very small part of Carlisle's urban area. Stanwix is the district of Carlisle immediately over the River Eden from the city centre. ... Stanwix Rural is a civil parish in the City of Carlisle district of Cumbria immediately to the north east of Carlisle itself in fact parts of the Carlisle urban area stray into the parish. ...

To the immediate south of Stanwix lies the River Eden on the opposite bank of this is the historic city centre of Carlisle which is bounded on the west by the West Coast Main Railway line and the River Caldew. The banks of the River Caldew was where in the past the main industries of Carlisle flourished in the Denton Holme, Caldewgate area on the west side and Wapping (the area round the former Metal Box works) on the east bank. West of Caldewgate and north of Denton Holme the suburbs of Newtown, Morton, Longsowerby, Raffles and Belle Vue developed in the late 19th and 20th centuries. Denton Holme is an inner city district in the city of Carlisle, Cumbria, United Kingdom. ...

The east side of the city centre developed in the 19th century into a more affluent area than the west along what is now the main A69 road linking up with the former separate village of Botcherby to which a large council estate was added in the mid 20th century and later still the Durranhill Housing Estate. The A69 is a major road in England running east-west across the Pennines, through the counties of Northumberland and Cumbria. ...

To the south of the city centre lies the Botchergate/St Nicholas area of late Victorian terraced housing similar to that found in Denton Holme and Caldewgate though the Botchergate East area did until fairly recently have some older "slum" dwellings.

To the south west of Botchergate and St Nicholas lie the former villages and now suburban areas of Upperby and Currock with the urban area spilling over the former county borough boundary and including the areas of Blackwell and Durdar within the civil parish of St Cuthbert Without. The parish of St Cuthbert Without or simply St Cuthbert is within the City of Carlisle district of Cumbria, England. ...

Between Upperby and Botcherby lies another former village that was once part of St Cuthbert Without and is now probably the largest suburb of Carlisle namely Harraby which is subdivided into many estates/areas including Harraby East, New Harraby, Harraby Green, Old Harraby, Petteril Bank and the Durranhill Industrial Estate. Adjoining Harraby to the south but outside the former borough boundary is the hamlet of Carleton.

Transport

The city is linked to the rest of England via the M6 motorway towards the South, and to Scotland via the M74/A74 towards Glasgow and the North. As well as these routes, many important trunk roads either begin or terminate in Carlisle, including the A6 to Penrith (historically the main road south), the A595 to western Cumbria, the A69 to Newcastle-upon-Tyne and the A7 to Edinburgh. Carlisle thus bears the distinction of being the only city in Great Britain other than London and Edinburgh with more than one single numbered 'A' road - A6 and A7 (although at one time the A5 and A6 met in St Albans). In addition, Carlisle is a principal railway station on the West Coast main railway line. Other railway lines go to Newcastle, Leeds and Glasgow via Dumfries and west Cumbria. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... M74 near Larkhall. ... A trunk road or strategic road is a major road, usually connecting one or more cities, ports, airports etc, which is the recommended route for long-distance and freight traffic. ... This article is about the A6 road in England. ... Statistics Population: 14,756 Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: NY515305 Administration District: Eden Shire county: Cumbria Region: North West England Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: Cumbria Historic county: Cumberland Services Police force: Cumbria Constabulary Fire and rescue: {{{Fire}}} Ambulance: North West Post office and telephone... The A595 is a primary route in Cumbria, in northern England that starts in Carlisle, and passes Whitehaven and Workington, and goes close to Cockermouth and Wigton. ... The A69 is a major road in England running east-west across the Pennines, through the counties of Northumberland and Cumbria. ... The A7 is a major road in the United Kingdom. ... , St Albans is the main urban area of the City and District of St Albans in southern Hertfordshire, England, around 22 miles (35km) north of central London. ... Carlisles Citadel railway station Carlisle railway station, also known as the Citadel station, serves the Cumbrian town of Carlisle. ... The WCML running alongside the M1 motorway at Watford Gap in Northamptonshire A Virgin Pendolino and freight train on the WCML The West Coast Main Line (WCML) is one of the most important intercity railway lines in the United Kingdom, part of the British railway system. ...

Traffic in the Carlisle area, especially at rush hour, has become a significant problem. A proposed bypass road will take traffic heading to and from west Cumbria off the M6, as opposed to its current path through the centre of Carlisle.

Local bus services are run by Stagecoach North West and Arriva. Following the disastrous flooding of Carlisle Bus Depot (and a lot of the city) on 8th January 2005 and the amazing variety of buses seen in Carlisle afterwards, Stagecoach announced the purchase of a fleet of brand new low-floor buses for Carlisle city routes. These were officially launched on 30th June, complete with "Carlisle Citi" branding, and with most of the buses carrying route branding for individual routes both internally and externally. Stagecoach North West is a major operator of bus services in North West England. ... An Arriva train in Denmark Arriva plc is a UK-based international public transport operator and vehicle rental company, headquartered in Sunderland. ...

Trade and industry

Carlisle became an industrial city in the 19th and early 20th centuries with many textile mills, engineering works and food manufacturers opening up mostly in the Denton Holme, Caldewgate and Wapping areas which lie in the Caldew Valley area of the city. (One such manufacturer located in the Denton Holme area was Ferguson Printers, a large textile printing factory that had stood for many years before its unfortunate closure in the early 1990s). In the early 19th century a canal was dug connecting Caldewgate with the sea at Port Carlisle. The canal was later filled in and became a railway line. Denton Holme is an inner city district in the city of Carlisle, Cumbria, United Kingdom. ... For other uses, see Canal (disambiguation). ...

Famous firms that were founded or had factories in Carlisle included Carr's of Carlisle (now part of United Biscuits), Kangol, Metal Box (now part of Crown Cork and Seal). The Carr's and Metal Box factories are still going. The construction firm of John Laing and the hauliers Eddie Stobart Ltd. were also founded in the city. United Biscuits is a European food manufacturer, owned by Finalrealm, a syndicate including Cinven and Kraft. ... Kangol is a Chinese clothing company, especially famous for its headwear. ... John Laing plc is a British construction company headquartered in central London. ... Eddie Stobart Ltd. ...

Until 2004, Carlisle's biggest employer was Cavaghan & Gray, part of Northern Foods which operated from two sites in the Harraby area of Carlisle producing chilled foods for major supermarket chains. As of January 2005, the London Road site was closed with the loss of almost 700 jobs as production was transferred to the nearby Eastern Way site or other factories around the UK. Cavaghan & Gray is a foods manufacturing business based in Carlisle, England, which is now owned by Northern Foods. ... Northern Foods plc is a British food manufacturer headquartered in Hull in the north of England. ...

Carlisle also became a major railway centre with at one time 7 different companies using Carlisle Citadel railway station. Prior to the building of the Citadel Station, the city had several railway stations, including Carlisle London Road Station. The city also used to have the largest railway marshaling yard in Europe at Kingmoor, now closed. This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ... Carlisles Citadel railway station Carlisle railway station, also known as the Citadel station, serves the Cumbrian town of Carlisle. ...

There are various light industrial estates and business parks located on the fringes of the city and on former industrial sites close to the city centre.

On March 28, 2005, Carlisle was granted Fairtrade City status. Fairtrade Town is a status awarded by the Fairtrade Foundation in the United Kingdom and Channel Islands, describing an area which is committed to the promotion of Fairtrade-labelled goods. ...

Sport

Football

The city of Carlisle is represented in the English Coca-Cola Football League One by Carlisle United F.C. [2], after promotion from the Coca-Cola Football League Two at the end of season 2005/06 as champions of the division, this followed their promotion from the Nationwide Conference at the end of the 2004/05 season. Carlisle United Football Club play at Brunton Park Stadium, in the centre of the city. The team has resided in all four divisions of English football, once going top of Division One (now named the Premiership) for a very brief moment back in the 1974/75 season, although they were eventually relegated back to the old Division Two. Football League One (often referred to as League One for short or Coca-Cola Football League 1 for sponsorship reasons) is the second-highest division of The Football League and third-highest division overall in the English football league system. ... Carlisle United F.C. are an English football team based in Carlisle, Cumbria, play in the Football League One this season, after gaining promotion from the Football League Two at the end of the 2005-06 season. ... Football League Two (often referred to as League Two for short or Coca-Cola Football League 2 for sponsorship reasons) is the third-highest division of The Football League and fourth-highest division overall in the English football league system. ... Conference National (currently billed as the Blue Square Premier for sponsorship reasons) [1] is the top division of the Football Conference. ...

Rugby

Rugby League Carlisle was at one time home to a rugby league team, Carlisle RLFC who would later merge with Barrow and leave Carlisle. They now have a new rugby league side called Carlisle Centurions. Rugby league football is a full-contact team sport played with a prolate spheroid-shaped ball by two teams of thirteen on a rectangular grass field. ... Carlisle RLFC were a rugby league team based in Carlisle, Cumbria. ... Barrow Raiders are a British rugby league team from Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria. ...

Rugby Union Carlisle has two well established rugby union clubs - Carlisle RUFC and Creighton RUFC. Carlisle are situated on Warwick Road, alongside Carlisle United AFC. Creighton were originally sited near the Cumberland Infirmary in Carlisle, but following negotiations with Story Homes during 2001/2004 agreed to sell their ground for redevelopment in exchange for a new ground and facilities off Cumwhinton Road, near Junction 42 of the M6.

Education

University of Cumbria has a 3 campuses in Carlisle on Fusehill Street, Brampton Road and Paternoster Row. The university provides a wide range of degree courses in higher education such as Applied Computing, Applied Psychology, Art, Business, Law, Media, Law, Social Work and Teacher Education. The University of Cumbria is a new university, due to open in August 2007. ... The University of Cambridge is an institute of higher learning. ... Information and communication technology spending in 2005 Information technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), is the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. ... The basic premise of applied psychology is the use of psychological principles and theories to overcome practical problems in other fields, such as business management, product design, ergonomics, nutrition, law and clinical medicine. ... This article is about the philosophical concept of Art. ... In economics, a business is a legally-recognized organizational entity existing within an economically free country designed to sell goods and/or services to consumers, usually in an effort to generate profit. ... For other uses, see Law (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Law (disambiguation). ... Social Workers are concerned with social problems, their causes, their solutions and their human impacts. ... Teacher education refers to the policies and procedures designed to equip teachers with the knowledge, attitudes, behaviours and skills they require to perform their tasks effectively in the school and classroom. ...

Carlisle College is based in the town.

The secondary schools within the city of Carlisle are: St Aidan's County High School and Specialist Sports and Science College, Austin Friars St Monicas (Roman Catholic Private School), Trinity - Centre of Excellence for Languages, Newman (Roman Catholic School), Morton School and the North Cumbria Technology College (NCTC, formerly Harraby School). Others are also in the Carlisle district: Caldew School, (Dalston), William Howard School (Brampton) and Lochinvar School (Longtown). // Augustinian Friars Saint Monicas School, more commonly known as Austin Friars Saint Monicas, or simply Austin Friars, has always been a relatively small private school, with an ethos of providing an all-round education. ... Caldew School is a secondary school located in the village of Dalston, Cumbria, England. ... Dalston is a village in the English county of Cumbria. ... The William Howard School is a co-educational comprehensive secondary school on Longtown Road (A6071) in Brampton, Cumbria, England for pupils aged 11-18. ... Brampton is a small market town in Cumbria, England about 14 km east of Carlisle and 2 Roman miles south of Hadrians Wall. ...

Administration

Carlisle has been a city since the Middle Ages and has been a borough constituency or parliamentary borough for centuries at one time returning two MPs. In 1835 it became a municipal borough which was promoted to county borough status in 1914. The city's boundaries have changed at various times since 1835 the final time being in 1974 when under the Local Government Act 1972 the city and county borough merged with the Border Rural District to become the new City of Carlisle district. Cathedral city redirects here. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... A borough constituency (in Scotland, a burgh constituency) is a type of parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom. ... Parliamentary boroughs are boroughs that are entitled to representation in a Parliament. ... A borough is a political division originally used in England. ... County borough was a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom to refer to a borough or a city independent of county administration. ... The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c. ... Border was a rural district in Cumberland, England from 1934 to 1974. ... The City of Carlisle is a local government district with city status in Cumbria, England. ... Non-metropolitan districts or commonly Shire districts are a type of local government district in England. ...

The borough originally had several civil parishes or parts of parishes within it but these were all merged into a single civil parish of Carlisle in 1904. The present day urban area is now classed as an unparished area except for the fringes which are in Stanwix Rural, Kingmoor and St Cuthbert Without parishes. In England a civil parish (usually just parish) is the smallest area used for local government. ... In England a civil parish (usually just parish) is the lowest unit of local government, lower than districts or counties. ... Stanwix Rural is a civil parish in the City of Carlisle district of Cumbria immediately to the north east of Carlisle itself in fact parts of the Carlisle urban area stray into the parish. ... The parish of St Cuthbert Without or simply St Cuthbert is within the City of Carlisle district of Cumbria, England. ...

Carlisle unsuccessfully applied to become a Lord Mayoralty in 2002. Councillor Patrick (Pat) John Stannard, Lord Mayor of Oxford (2004). ...

The city council is based in a 1960s building known as the Civic Centre in Rickergate. An iconic building and tallest in the city it may soon be demolished and the surrounding area regenerated.

Curse of Carlisle

The Curse of Carlisle is a 16th century curse that was first invoked by Archbishop Dunbar of Glasgow in 1525 against cross-border families, known as the Border Reivers, who lived by stealing cattle and pillage. The curse was not directly aimed at Carlisle or its people. For the millennium celebrations, the local council commissioned a 14-tonne granite artwork inscribed with all 1,069 words of the curse. For other uses, see Glasgow (disambiguation). ... See also Border Reivers (Rugby) and Border Reivers (game); or Reavers for other varieties of brigand. ...

In 1998 some Christians, among other projects, began campaigning to prevent the City of Carlisle from installing the stone.^{[citation needed]} In the wake of this controversy, superstition about the stone grew and a number of the town's setbacks were blamed on the curse stone, including an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease, a flood, various crimes, rising unemployment statistics and even the fate of Carlisle United, which was relegated out of its league.^{[citation needed]} Not to be confused with hand, foot and mouth disease. ...

In March 2005, Liberal Democrat city councillor Jim Tootle, on the request of a Christian citizen,^{[citation needed]} proposed the stone either be moved outside the city boundaries or destroyed altogether. Kevin Carlyon, the self-titled "high priest of the British white witches" and the "Living God of all Witches",^[4] proclaimed that such actions would give the curse more power. He commented that: "A curse can only work if people believe in it. I think at the moment the sculpture is a nice piece of history, but if the council destroys it, they would be showing their belief in the curse."^[5] A council meeting on March 8, 2005 rejected Tootle's proposal, a move welcomed by council leader Mike Mitchelson, who had earlier questioned whether moving the stone was a good use of council funds.^{[citation needed]} The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, is a liberal political party in the United Kingdom formed in 1988 by the merger of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party; the two parties had already been in an alliance for seven years prior to this, since not long... Jadis, the White Witch is the key villain of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, the first published book in C. S. Lewiss Chronicles of Narnia series, and the second chronologically. ...

Famous residents

• Lee Brennan, former member of the band 911.
• Beatrix Campbell, feminist writer and journalist.
• Writer Hunter Davies was brought up in Carlisle.
• Douglas Ferguson, bass player from the band Camel.
• Novelist Margaret Forster.
• Author George MacDonald Fraser.
• Former England U21 and Blackburn Rovers striker Matt Jansen, who was born in Wetheral near Carlisle.
• Thomas Logie MacDonald, ex-Mayor and astronomer who had a lunar crater named after him.
• Richard Madeley, TV personality worked for BBC Carlisle and Border Television.
• Peter Manley, Professional darts player.
• England cricketer Paul Nixon.
• Charles Shepherd, Former British, Commonwealth and IBO world super featherweight boxing champion.
• Fashion designer Stuart Stockdale, formerly Head of Design at Pringle of Scotland.
• Actress Roxanne Pallett who stars in Emmerdale, grew up in Carlisle.

Lee Anthony Brennan (b. ... 911 were a British boy band that consisted of Lee Brennan, Jimmy Constable and Simon Spike Dawbarn. ... Hunter Davies (born 7 January 1936) is a prolific British author, journalist and broadcaster, best known for his books about The Beatles. ... Memebers of The Brew, a band that later changed its name into Camel, Douglas Ferguson on the right. ... Camel is an English progressive rock band formed in 1971. ... Margaret Forster (born 1938) is a British author. ... George MacDonald Fraser, OBE (born 2 April 1926 in Carlisle) is a British author of both historical novels and non-fiction books. ... Blackburn Rovers is an English Premier League football club based in the town of Blackburn, Lancashire. ... Jansen celebrates Blackburns League Cup final victory in 2002 Matt Jansen (born October 20, 1977 in Carlisle, England) is an English football player who currently plays for Bolton Wanderers. ... Wetheral is a village in Cumbria, England, United Kingdom. ... Thomas Logie MacDonald (1901-1973) was a Scottish astronomer and politician, and eponym of lunar crater McDonald. ... Galileo is often referred to as the Father of Modern Astronomy. ... Richard Madeley and Judy Finnigan are married co-stars of British daytime light entertainment television programmes. ... Peter Manley (born 7th March 1962) is a player for the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC). ... This article is about the sport. ... Paul Andrew Nixon (born 21 October 1970 in Carlisle) is an English cricket player who has played for Leicestershire, England, England A, MCC and Kent. ... Stuart Stockdale is a fashion designer born in Carlisle, UK. He graduated from St Martin’s College, London and has worked for DKNY, Jasper Conran, Romeo Gigli and J Crew. ... Pringle of Scotland (known generally simply as Pringle) is a leading Scottish knitware manufacturer. ... Roxanne Pallett, Carlisle August 2006 Roxanne Roxy Pallett (born 26 December 1982 in Carlisle, Cumbria) is an English actress most famous for playing the role of Jo Stiles in the ITV1 soap opera, Emmerdale. ...

Carlisle dialect

The Carlisle dialect is a diasystem of the Cumbrian dialect spoken in the North Cumbria area. In linguistics, in the field of structural dialectology, a diasystem is a single genetic language which has two or more standard forms. ... Not to be confused with the Celtic Cumbric language Cumbria, in the extreme North West of England, is by no means unique in having a traditional local dialect, but the isolation of the area and its rich history mean that this is perhaps one of the most interesting rural dialects...

References

1. ^ Vindolanda Tablets Online - mentioning Carlisle
2. ^ "Carlisle 'cut off' by flood water" at BBC News – 8 January, 2005, 13:15 UTC
3. ^ "Floods leave homes without power" at BBC News – 8 January, 2005, 23:31 UTC
4. ^ Kevin Carlyon's website kevincarlyon.com.
5. ^ BBC News (8 March, 2005). Witch warns of Curse Stone power.

For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• University of Cumbria
• Carlisle and Hadrian's Wall Country
• Carlisle City Council
• Visit Cumbria
• St Cuthberts Carlisle

Photographs

• A 360 degree panorama of Carlisle City Square