Styles of Carlo Cardinal Martini
Reference style	His Eminence
Spoken style	Your Eminence
Informal style	Cardinal
See	Milan (Emeritus)

His Eminence Carlo Maria Cardinal Martini, SJ, Th.D, S.S.D. (born February 15, 1927) is an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Milan from 1980 to 2002, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1983. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in Italy. ... Emeritus (IPA pronunciation: or ) is an adjective that is used in the title of a retired professor, bishop or other professional. ... The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in Italy. ... December 29 is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 2 days remaining. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... July 11 is the 192nd day (193rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 173 days remaining. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... Giovanni Cardinal Colombo was Archbishop of Milan and a Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church. ... Dionigi Tettamanzi (born March 14, 1934) is an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. ... is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... “Torino” redirects here. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (550x741, 86 KB) Description: Vestments of a cardinal: red cassock, rochet trimmed with lace, red chimere, apostolical cross. ... A style of office, or honorific, is a form of address which by tradition or law precedes a reference to a person who holds a title or post, or to the political office itself. ... The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in Italy. ... Emeritus (IPA pronunciation: or ) is an adjective that is used in the title of a retired professor, bishop or other professional. ... His Eminence is a historical style of address for high nobility. ... A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually a bishop, of the Roman Catholic Church, a member of the College of Cardinals which as a body elects a new pope. ... Seal of the Society of Jesus. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... SSD may refer to: Social security disability, a financial assistance program in the United States Software Specification Document, in software engineering System Sequence Diagram, a type of UML software engineering diagram Solid state drive, a type of data storage device Doctor of Sacred Scripture, a degree awarded by Pontifical universities... is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Look up prelate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      The Roman Catholic Church... The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in Italy. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually a bishop, of the Roman Catholic Church, a member of the College of Cardinals which as a body elects a new pope. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ...

Early life and education

Carlo Maria Martini was born in Turin, Piedmont, to Leonardo and Olga (née Maggia) Martini, and was baptized on the following February 22. He entered the Society of Jesus on September 25, 1944, and was ordained to the priesthood by Maurilio Cardinal Fossati on July 13, 1952. Martini completed his studies in philosophy at the Jesuits House of Studies in Gallarate, in the province of Milan, and theology at the faculty of theology in Chieri. In 1958, Dr Martini was awarded his Doctorate of Theology from the Pontifical Gregorian University, with a thesis exploring the problems of the Resurrection accounts. After some years of teaching at the faculty of Chieri he returned to Rome and earned another doctorate in Scripture at the Pontifical Biblical Institute, also summa cum laude. “Torino” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Piedmont (disambiguation). ... Baptism in early Christian art. ... February 22 is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Seal of the Society of Jesus. ... September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Catholic deacon candidates prostrate before the altar of the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles during a 2004 diaconate ordination liturgy Holy Orders in the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Anglican, Assyrian, Old Catholic, and Independent Catholic churches includes three orders: bishop, priest, and deacon. ... Priesthood in the Catholic Church is the second of the three orders of ordained ministry, Bishop, Priest and Deacon. ... The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Turin is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Italy. ... July 13 is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Pontifical Gregorian University (Italian: Pontificia Università Gregoriana) is a pontifical university located in Rome, Italy. ... Many religions and spiritual movements hold certain written texts (or series of spoken legends not traditionally written down) to be sacred. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ... Latin honors are Latin phrases used to indicate the level of academic distinction with which an academic degree was earned. ...

Dr Martini remains a respected biblical scholar who has written more than 40 books, and is reputed to speak 11 languages.

Career

After completing his studies Cardinal Martini quickly pursued a successful academic career. In 1962, he was given the Chair of Textual Criticism at the Pontifical Biblical Institute, a specialist Institute of the Gregorian and became its rector in 1969. In 1978, under Pope Paul VI he was elected the Pontifical Gregorian University's rector magnificus, serving in this post from 1969 to 1978, after which he was nominated chancellor of the Pontifical Gregorian University. Throughout these years he edited a number of scholarly works. Cardinal Martini also became active in the scientific field by publishing various books and articles. Furthermore the Cardinal received the distinuguished honour of being the only Catholic member of the ecumenical committee that prepared the new Greek edition of the New Testament. Martini is also very much remembered for his books on spiritual exercises which have added a renewed style to the original Ignatian model. Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ... The word rector (ruler, from the Latin regere) has a number of different meanings, but all of them indicate someone who is in charge of something. ... For the Stargate SG-1 episode, see 1969 (Stargate SG-1). ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... Paul VI, Giovanni Battista Enrica Antonia Maria Montini (September 26, 1897 – August 6, 1978), served as Pope from 1963 to 1978. ... Pontifical Gregorian University (Italian: Pontificia Università Gregoriana) is a pontifical university located in Rome, Italy. ... This article is about the Christian scriptures. ...

On December 29, 1979, Pope John Paul II appointed Martini Archbishop of Milan, receiving his episcopal consecration from the Pope himself the following January 6, with Archbishop Eduardo Martínez Somalo and Bishop Ferdinando Maggioni serving as co-consecrators. Thus his first diocesan appointment was to one of the largest and most prominent sees. Upon elevation as a Cardinal Priest in the consistory of February 2, 1983, he was assigned the title of S. Cecilia. December 29 is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 2 days remaining. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... Coat of Arms of Pope John Paul II. The Letter M is for Mary, the mother of Jesus, to whom he held strong devotion Pope John Paul II (Latin: , Italian: Giovanni Paolo II, Polish: Jan PaweÅ‚ II) born   [] (May 18, 1920, Wadowice, Poland – April 2, 2005, Vatican City) reigned as... The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in Italy. ... A bishop in the Catholic Church is a member of the College of Bishops, is an ordained minister, and holds the fullness of the priesthood. ... January 6 is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 359 days (360 in leap years) remaining. ... His Eminence Eduardo Cardinal Martínez Somalo (born March 31, 1927) is a cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church. ... Principal Consecrator is a term used in the Roman Catholic Church to designate a bishop who ordains a priest to the episocal state. ... Pope Pius XI blesses Bishop Stephen Alencastre as fifth Apostolic Vicar of the Hawaiian Islands in a Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace window. ... A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually a bishop, of the Roman Catholic Church, a member of the College of Cardinals which as a body elects a new pope. ... // Antiquity Originally, the Latin word consistorium meant simply sitting together, just as the Greek syn(h)edrion (from which the Biblical sanhedrin was a corruption). ... is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... Facade of Santa Cecilia, a 1725 project by Ferdinando Fuga, with the 12th century belltower. ...

Cardinal Martini served as Relator of the 6th General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops in 1983. Later serving as president of the European Bishops' Conference between 1987 and 1993. Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ...

Martini was admitted as Member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in November 2000, and renowned internationally. In 1996 Martini was presented with an honorary doctorate from the Russian Academy of Sciences. Furthermore, in Spain in October 2003 he was awarded Prince des Asturies 2000 of Social Sciences, later in December of 200 being awarded Europa dell’anno 2000.

In 2002 he reached the Church's mandatory retirement age of 75 and was succeeded in Milan by Dionigi Cardinal Tettamanzi. At the time of the 2005 conclave, he was 78 years old and hence eligible to vote for the new pope (being under 80). For years many progressive Catholics harboured hopes that he might himself might eventually ascend the papacy. However, when John Paul II died, most commentators believed that his election was unlikely, given his liberal reputation and the fact of his suffering from Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, according to La Stampa (an Italian newspaper), he obtained more votes than Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger during the first round of the election, 40 vs. 38. Conversely, an anonymous cardinal diary stated that he never mustered more than a dozen or so votes, in contrast to another Jesuit cardinal, Jorge Cardinal Bergoglio of Buenos Aires, and quickly withdrew his candidacy.^[1]. Martini lost his right to vote in future conclaves upon turning age 80 on February 15, 2007. For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Retirement is the point where a person stops employment. ... Dionigi Tettamanzi (born March 14, 1934) is an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. ... The Papal conclave of 2005 was convoked due to the death of Pope John Paul II on April 2, 2005. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      The Pope (from Latin... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      The Pope (from Latin... La Stampa is one of the best-known and most widely sold Italian daily newspapers, published in Turin and distributed in Italy and in other nations in Europe. ... This article is becoming very long. ... The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu), commonly known as the Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious order. ... Jorge Mario Cardinal Bergoglio (born December 17, 1936) is a Roman Catholic priest of the Society of Jesus. ... Buenos Aires (BWEH-naus EYE-ress, literally Good Winds in Spanish, but more akin to Fair Winds, as in navigation) is the capital of Argentina and its largest city and port, as well as one of the largest in South America. ... The Sistine Chapel is the location of the conclave. ... is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...

After his retirement Martini moved to the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Jerusalem to continue his work as a biblical scholar. For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ...

Religious viewpoints

Often considered to be one of the more liberal members of the College of Cardinals, and prelates in general, he has achieved widespread notice for his wide-ranging and open-minded writings, earning him popularity in some circles, criticism in others. On occasion Martini's viewpoints have proven to be somewhat controversial, thus bringing him comparatively large amounts of media coverage. Liberalism is an ideology, philosophical view, and political tradition which holds that liberty is the primary political value. ... The Sacred College of Cardinals is the body of all Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church established by Pope St. ...

In April 2006, in response to a very specific question from the bioethicist Ignazio Marino, director of the transplant center of the Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia, Martini admitted that in certain cases, the usage of condoms might be allowable stating, "The use of condoms can, in certain situations, be a lesser evil".^[2] He stressed the particular case of married couples where one has HIV or AIDS.^[3] But he quickly noted that it's one thing the principle of the lesser evil in such cases, and quite another the subject who has to convey those things publicly, thus it is not up to the Church authorities to support condom use publicly, because of "the risk of promoting an irresponsible attitude". The Church is more likely to support other morally sustainable means, such as abstinence.^[4] On another occasion the Cardinal also stated that "I believe the Church's teaching has not been expressed so well... I am confident we will find some formula to state things better, so that the problem is better understood and more adapted to reality.", earning him a reputation for having a more liberal stance toward contraception.^[5] The Cardinal's position on the start of a distinct human life during the fetilization of oocytes was rebuked by certain Vatican officials.^[6] Some of Martini's other positions may have frustrated Church leaders, but official response from the Roman Curia was limited. April 2006 : ← - January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- → Marcos Pontes, Brazils first astronaut, reaches the International Space Station. ... An organ transplant is the transplantation of an organ (or part of one) from one body to another, for the purpose of replacing the recipients damaged or failing organ with a working one from the donor. ... Thomas Jefferson University offers courses in medicine and related fields, including research. ... A condom is a device, usually made of latex, or more recently polyurethane, that is used during sexual intercourse. ... Species Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human immunodeficiency virus 2 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS, a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections). ... Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS or Aids) is a collection of symptoms and infections resulting from the specific damage to the immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). ... Abstinence is a voluntary restraint from indulging a desire or appetite for certain bodily activities that are widely experienced as giving pleasure. ... An oocyte or ovocyte is a female gametocyte that divides twice by mitosis and meiosis into two other oocytes or into two ootids. ... The Roman Curia — usually called the Vatican — is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See, coordinating and providing the necessary organisation for the correct functioning of the Catholic Church and the achievement of its goals. ...

Cardinal Martini, speaking about the right to die debate said that "terminally ill patients should be given the right to refuse treatments and that the doctors who assist them should be protected by law".^[7] For the 1987 film, see Right to Die (film) The term right to die refers to various issues around the death of an individual when that person could continue to live with the aid of life support, or in a diminished or enfeebled capacity. ...

He has also called for greater collegiality in the governance of the Church and for the possibility of female deacons to be examined.^[8] Collegiality is the relationship between colleagues. ... In general religious use, ordination is the process by which one is consecrated (set apart for the undivided administration of various religious rites). ...

In March 2007 he openly criticised the attitude of the Church authorities, whilst speaking at the basilica of the Nativity to a congregation of over 1,300 visitors, he remarked that "The Church does not give orders." Martini also stated that "It is necessary to listen to others, and when speaking to use terms that they understand,". These remarks came days after Pope Benedict XVI published the 140 page 'Apostolic Exhortation'. Some interpretted this document as being an attempt to influence Catholic politicians, particularly at a time when Italian government was trying to pass legislation offering legal recognition of same sex unions.^[9] This article is becoming very long. ... Same-sex union can refer to: same-sex marriage -- the civil or religious rites of marriage that make it equivalent to opposite-sex marriages in all aspects. ...

Cardinal Martini has been critical of the style in which the Church is organised, seeing it as being far too centralised. Throughout his career Martini has established a reputation that demonstrates a desire to maintain an open dialouge about contraception, human sexuality and women's role in the church, among other contentious issues, many consider that Martini may yearn for another Vatican council. Furthermore, he has also called for the church to take a greater role in combatting social injustice, often calling for greater action to be taking in assisting the immigrants, minorities and the combatting of racism. Martini wishes for the church to rekindle the "burning fire in the heart".

References

September 23 is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years). ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 20 is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 20 is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... March 16 is the 75th day of the year (76th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...

External links

• CV from the Archdiocese of Milan website (Italian only)
• Biography from the Vatican News Service
• Biography form Catholic Pages
• BBC article on Cardinal Martini