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An engraving of Caroline Chisholm from Harper's Monthly in 1852.

Caroline Chisholm (1808 - March 25, 1877) was a progressive 19th-century English humanitarian known mostly for her involvement with female immigrant welfare in Australia. She is commemorated in the Calendar of saints of the Church of England. There are proposals for the Catholic Church to also recognise her as a saint [1]. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... An issue of Harpers Magazine from 1905 Another issue, from November 2004 Harpers Magazine (or simply Harpers) is a monthly general-interest magazine covering literature, politics, culture, and the arts. ... Year 1808 (MDCCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 84th day of the year (85th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Humanitarianism is the view that all people should be treated with the respect and dignity they deserve as human beings, and that advancing the well-being of humanity is a noble goal. ... The Church of England commemorates many of the same saints as those in the Roman Catholic calendar of saints, mostly on the same days, but also commemorates various notable (often post-Reformation) Christians who have not been canonised, with a particular though not exclusive emphasis on those of English origin. ... The Church of England logo since 1996. ... The name Catholic Church can mean a visible organization that refers to itself as Catholic, or the invisible Christian Church, viz. ...

Early life

Born Caroline Jones in the English county of Northamptonshire in 1808, Caroline's father was a landowner and pig farmer. She was the youngest of a large family and raised by a governess, excelling in mathematics and French.

At the age of 22, Caroline married Captain Archibald Chisholm, of the East India company, thirteen years her senior. Like her, Archibald came from a relatively privileged background, descended from Scottish land-owning highlanders whose fortune had dwindled over the years. Unusual among many of her contemporaries, Caroline agreed to marry Archibald on condition that he treat her as an equal and support her in her philanthropic activities. She did, however, convert from Protestantism to her husband's religion, Roman Catholicism. This article is about the country. ... Lowland-Highland divide Highland Sign with welcome in English and Gaelic The Scottish Highlands (A Ghàidhealtachd in Gaelic) include the rugged and mountainous regions of Scotland north and west of the Highland Boundary Fault. ... Protestantism encompasses the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated with the doctrines of the Reformation. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ...

Life in Madras, India

In 1832, Captain Chisholm was stationed in Madras, India. As an officer's wife, Chisholm enjoyed a lifestyle of comfort and luxury, which only highlighted the stark privation and squalor she observed on the streets of Madras. The dire poverty of children begging for food and sleeping in doorways particularly affected her. Madras refers to: the Indian city of Chennai, formerly known as Madras, the former Indian state, now known as Tamil Nadu (Plural of Madra): Ancient people of Iranian affinites, who lived in northwest Panjab in the Uttarapatha division of ancient India. ...

When she discovered that some of the destitute street urchins she saw regularly were actually the children of enlisted British soldiers Chisholm decided to take action. She established the Female School of Industry for the Daughters of European Soldiers. By removing these children from the streets and educating them, Chisholm hoped to eventually secure paid employment and better opportunities for them.

Life in New South Wales, Australia

In 1838, she and her family moved to Sydney in the colony of New South Wales in Australia because her husband was on sick leave. NSW redirects here. ...

Caroline met immigrant ships and in particular assisted young women who arrived in the colony alone. She approached the Governor, George Gipps, with a plan for a house for immigrant women. Her first approach was turned down, but she went back twice to argue her case. Eventually Governor Gipps presented her with part of an empty immigration barracks. Sir George Gipps Sir George Gipps (1791 – 28 February 1847) was Governor of the colony of New South Wales, Australia, for eight years, between 1838 and 1846. ...

The immigration barracks when Chisholm first visited them were terribly filthy, plagued with rats and vermin. She worked hard to clean the barracks and, when they were finished, girls flooded in to escape from life on the streets. Chisholm taught them how to cook and clean, speak correctly, a little bit of numeracy, and more.

When the girls were trained, the next part of Chisholm's mission arrived. Now that they were properly qualified for the job, the girls had to find a place of work. Caroline saw potential in the bush farms of the colony, so she organised drays to deliver the girls to the farms to become paid farm maids.

Chisholm continued to help the women of the colony for many years. After a while she felt her job was done. She and Archibald returned to England in 1848 where she worked with the British government to improve the conditions on ships destined for New South Wales. Caroline Chisholm helped at least 11,000 immigrants into the Australian colonies.

Attributions

• A suburb of Canberra, Chisholm, Australian Capital Territory was named after her.^[1]
• Caroline Chisholm School, an all-through 4-18 primary and secondary school, located in Northampton, England that opened in September 2004, is named after her.^[2]
• The Caroline Chisholm High School in Canberra was named after her.^{[citation needed]}
• A residential college at La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia was named after her.^[3]
• Centrelink's new National Support Office in Canberra is named after her. The Caroline Chisholm Centre was chosen from recommendations by staff.^{[citation needed]}
• The character of Mrs Jellyby in Dickens' novel, Bleak House, was based on her.^[4]
• Caroline Chisholm appeared on the Australian five dollar note from 1967 until 1992, the first woman other than the Queen of Australia to appear on Australian currency.^{[citation needed]}
• Caroline Chisholm appeared on a five cent Australian postage stamp issued in 1968 (Australian Stamp Bulletin No 277, Oct-Dec 2004, p21).
• The Caroline Chisholm Society is a Melbourne-based non-government organisation which provides support to pregnant women and families with young children.
• The Australian federal electoral Division of Chisholm, based in Melbourne's eastern suburbs, was named in her honour.^[5]
• Chisholm Institute of TAFE is a provider of post-secondary education in the south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne.^[6]
• The Caroline Chisholm Education Foundation seeks to continue the work of Caroline Chisholm through school and community-based awards to enable students in the south-east region of Melbourne to continue their studies.^[7]

For other uses, see Canberra (disambiguation). ... Chisholm is a suburb in the Canberra, Australia district of Tuggeranong. ... Caroline Chisholm School is an all-through 4-18 primary and secondary school, located in Northampton, England that opened in September 2004. ... A primary school in ÄŒeský Těšín, Poland Primary education is the first stage of compulsory education. ... Secondary school is a term used to describe an institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling, known as secondary education, takes place. ... Northampton is a large market town and a local government district in the English East Midlands region. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... September 2004 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December See also: September 2004 in sports Events Deaths in September • 27 Tsai Wan-lin • 24 Françoise Sagan • 20 Brian Clough • 18 Russ Meyer • 15 Johnny Ramone • 12 Fred Ebb • 11 Peter VII of Alexandria • 8... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... For other uses, see Canberra (disambiguation). ... La Trobe University is a multi-campus university in Victoria, Australia. ... This article is about the Australian city; the name may also refer to City of Melbourne or Melbourne city centre. ... A Centrelink office at Innaloo, Western Australia. ... For other uses, see Canberra (disambiguation). ... Dickens redirects here. ... Bleak House is the ninth novel by Charles Dickens, published in 20 monthly parts between March 1852 and September 1853. ... Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, in 1952 and 2002 The title Queen of Australia has existed since 1973, when the Parliament of Australia passed the Royal Style and Titles Act (1973). ... The Division of Chisholm is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. ... This article is about the Australian city; the name may also refer to City of Melbourne or Melbourne city centre. ... Chisholm Institute is a TAFE Institute located throughout Victoria, Australia. ...

References

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 126th day of the year (127th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... January 2004 : ← - January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- → Irelands Roman Catholic and Protestant Boy Scouts organisations merge after nearly a century of division, in spite of efforts by the Roman Catholic bishops to block the merger. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... is the 336th day of the year (337th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Further reading

This article or section includes a list of references or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. You can improve this article by introducing more precise citations.

• Australian Dictionary of Biography entry
• De Vries, Susanna. Strength of spirit: pioneering women of achievement from First Fleet to Federation, Millennium Books, 1995. ISBN 0-7022-1346-2
• Lake, M./ McGrath, A. et al. (1994), "Creating a Nation", Viking: Ringwood
• Northamptonshire people: Caroline Chisholm from the BBC website
• Caroline Chisholm: Friend or Foe?, a subsection from the Gold! website on Australia's 19th century gold rushes
• Hoban, Mary. Fifty One Pieces Of Wedding Cake. A Biography Of Caroline Chisholm. Lowden, Kilmore Victoria, 1973
• mrschisholm.com A new Australian site dealing with many aspects of Caroline Chisholm's life and work and with aims to assist in the Catholic canonisation of Mrs Chisholm